將matplotlib繪圖嵌入pyqt

我的終極整理，供參考

# coding:utf-8
import matplotlib
# 使用 matplotlib中的FigureCanvas (在使用 Qt5 Backends中 FigureCanvas繼承自QtWidgets.QWidget)
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import FigureCanvasQTAgg as FigureCanvas
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtWidgets, QtGui
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QDialog, QPushButton, QVBoxLayout
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import sys
"""學好pyplot API和麪向對象 API搞定matplotlib繪圖顯示在GUI界面上"""

class Main_window(QDialog):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        # 三步走，定Figure,定Axes,定FigureCanvas
        # 1 直接一段代碼搞定figure和axes
        self.figure, (self.ax1, self.ax2) = plt.subplots(figsize=(13, 3), ncols=2)

        # 2 先創建figure再創建axes
        # 2.1 用plt.figure()  /  Figure() 創建figure, 推薦前者
        self.figure = plt.figure(figsize=(5,3), facecolor='#FFD7C4')
        # self.figure = Figure(figsize=(5,3), facecolor='#FFD7C4')
        # 2.2 用plt.subplots()  /  plt.add_subplot() 創建axes， 推薦前者
        (self.ax1, self.ax2) = self.figure.subplots(1, 2)
        # ax1 = self.figure.add_subplot(121)
        # ax2 = self.figure.add_subplot(122)

        # 3 綁定figure到canvas上
        self.canvas = FigureCanvas(self.figure)

        self.button_draw = QPushButton("繪圖")
        self.button_draw.clicked.connect(self.Draw)

        # 設置佈局
        layout = QVBoxLayout()
        layout.addWidget(self.canvas)
        layout.addWidget(self.button_draw)
        self.setLayout(layout)

    def Draw(self):
        AgeList = ['10', '21', '12', '14', '25']
        NameList = ['Tom', 'Jon', 'Alice', 'Mike', 'Mary']
        # 將AgeList中的數據轉化爲int類型
        AgeList = list(map(int, AgeList))

        # 將x,y轉化爲numpy數據類型，對於matplotlib很重要
        self.x = np.arange(len(NameList)) + 1
        self.y = np.array(AgeList)

        # tick_label後邊跟x軸上的值，（可選選項：color後面跟柱型的顏色，width後邊跟柱體的寬度）
        self.ax1.bar(range(len(NameList)), AgeList, tick_label=NameList, color='green', width=0.5)
        for a, b in zip(self.x, self.y):
            self.ax1.text(a-1, b, '%d' % b, ha='center', va='bottom')
        plt.title("Demo")

        pos = self.ax2.imshow(np.random.random((100, 100)), cmap=plt.cm.BuPu_r)
        self.figure.colorbar(pos, ax=self.ax2)      # 終於可以用colorbar了

        self.canvas.draw()


# 運行程序
if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
    main_window = Main_window()
    main_window.show()
    app.exec()

總結就是，想要在特定的位置放matplotlib繪圖還是要用面向對象的API，但混合使用pyplot的API可以使代碼更簡單。