轉載自：http://bbs.csdn.net/topics/380084096
Windows(NT/2000)下有很多服務程序(它們在系統登錄前運行)，它們一般都沒有界面，我們可以在服務管理器(運行services.msc)中啓動和關閉它們。下面我試着修改一個有界面的MFC對話框程序，使它成爲一個服務程序。網上提到了一種方法就是，從建立一個COM服務程序入手，然後將一個MFC項目改造成服務程序，最後讓這一程序在啓動時可以顯示圖形界面。這種方法的優點就是，程序嚮導已經幫我們寫好了服務程序的主要代碼，我們的任務就是把它們移植到MFC程序中(這個方法很不錯！)。我的方法和這種方法思想基本一致，但也不完全一樣。我是直接將有些寫在CUI服務程序中的代碼移植過來。主要思想就是把主服務函數等定義爲全局函數，這樣在主對話框類中就可以訪問它們了。
此程序需要注意的地方：
一次只能安裝一個服務，如果已安裝過一個服務，先將其卸載再安裝其他服務，設置其他應用程序時，在SCM啓動後，因沒有相應啓動請求會被kill掉。本來以爲任何程序都可以被設置爲服務程序，後來實驗發現，一般的應用程序被設置爲服務程序後，由於它不能夠與SCM進行通信，所以SCM無法將其啓動。錯誤提示如下：(下面wcdj是我的服務名字)
本地計算機無法啓動wcdj服務
錯誤1053:服務沒有及時響應啓動或控制請求
這個服務程序的主要流程如下：
SERVICE_TABLE_ENTRY DispatchTable[]={{"Service1",ServiceMain},{NULL,NULL}};
if (!StartServiceCtrlDispatcher(DispatchTable))
{
AfxMessageBox("當不是用SCM啓動程序的時候，程序執行下面的代碼");
...
//顯示我們服務程序的對話框
CTestDlg dlg;
//m_pMainWnd = &dlg;
int nResponse = dlg.DoModal();
if (nResponse == IDOK)
{
// TODO: Place code here to handle when the dialog is
// dismissed with OK
}
else if (nResponse == IDCANCEL)
{
// TODO: Place code here to handle when the dialog is
// dismissed with Cancel
}
}
否則程序會執行回調函數：
void WINAPI ServiceMain(DWORD argc, LPTSTR *argv)
{
AfxMessageBox("當用SCM啓動程序的時候，程序執行下面的代碼");
//初始化
m_ServiceStatus.dwServiceType = SERVICE_WIN32;
m_ServiceStatus.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_START_PENDING;
...
while(1)
{
//Sleep(3000);
//Place Your Code for processing here....
//顯示我們服務程序的對話框(當SCM啓動服務程序的時候(系統重啓時或手動在SCM中啓動時)，也讓它顯示主對話框界面)
CTestDlg dlg;
//m_pMainWnd = &dlg;
int nResponse = dlg.DoModal();
if (nResponse == IDOK)
{
// TODO: Place code here to handle when the dialog is
// dismissed with OK
}
else if (nResponse == IDCANCEL)
{
// TODO: Place code here to handle when the dialog is
// dismissed with Cancel
}
...
}
}
具體的細節看下面的步驟，主要步驟如下：
(1)首先生成一個基於對話框的應用程序框架，假設我的工程名稱爲test。
(2)在test.cpp中添加幾個全局變量和幾個全局函數。
//設置兩個全局變量
SERVICE_STATUS m_ServiceStatus;
SERVICE_STATUS_HANDLE m_ServiceStatusHandle;
//添加幾個全局函數
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//函數聲明
void WINAPI ServiceMain(DWORD argc, LPTSTR *argv);
void WINAPI ServiceCtrlHandler(DWORD Opcode);
BOOL InstallService(CString &strPath);
BOOL DeleteService();
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//函數定義
void WINAPI ServiceMain(DWORD argc, LPTSTR *argv)
{
// DWORD status;
// DWORD specificError;
AfxMessageBox("當用SCM啓動程序的時候，程序執行下面的代碼");
m_ServiceStatus.dwServiceType = SERVICE_WIN32;
m_ServiceStatus.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_START_PENDING;
m_ServiceStatus.dwControlsAccepted = SERVICE_ACCEPT_STOP;
m_ServiceStatus.dwWin32ExitCode = 0;
m_ServiceStatus.dwServiceSpecificExitCode = 0;
m_ServiceStatus.dwCheckPoint = 0;
m_ServiceStatus.dwWaitHint = 0;
m_ServiceStatusHandle = RegisterServiceCtrlHandler("Service1",ServiceCtrlHandler);
if (m_ServiceStatusHandle == (SERVICE_STATUS_HANDLE)0)
{
AfxMessageBox("Handler not installed");
return;
}
m_ServiceStatus.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_RUNNING;
m_ServiceStatus.dwCheckPoint = 0;
m_ServiceStatus.dwWaitHint = 0;
if (!SetServiceStatus (m_ServiceStatusHandle, &m_ServiceStatus))
{
}
//bRunning=true;
//while(bRunning)
while(1)
{
//Sleep(3000);
//Place Your Code for processing here....
CTestDlg dlg;
//m_pMainWnd = &dlg;
int nResponse = dlg.DoModal();
if (nResponse == IDOK)
{
// TODO: Place code here to handle when the dialog is
// dismissed with OK
}
else if (nResponse == IDCANCEL)
{
// TODO: Place code here to handle when the dialog is
// dismissed with Cancel
//AfxMessageBox("cancel");
//break;//跳出while循環
m_ServiceStatus.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_STOPPED;
m_ServiceStatus.dwCheckPoint = 0;
m_ServiceStatus.dwWaitHint = 0;
if (!SetServiceStatus (m_ServiceStatusHandle, &m_ServiceStatus))
{
}
exit(0);//後面退出不了，只能強行退出
}
#ifdef _temp_delete//使用下面代碼，只能關閉對話框不能關閉程序
//關閉對話框用，傳遞消息
MSG msg;
while (GetMessage(&msg, 0, 0, 0))
{
if (msg.message)
{
CString strMsg;
strMsg.Format("%d",msg.message);
AfxMessageBox(strMsg);
}
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
#endif
}
return;
}
void WINAPI ServiceCtrlHandler(DWORD Opcode)
{
switch(Opcode)
{
case SERVICE_CONTROL_PAUSE:
m_ServiceStatus.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_PAUSED;
break;
case SERVICE_CONTROL_CONTINUE:
m_ServiceStatus.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_RUNNING;
break;
case SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP:
m_ServiceStatus.dwWin32ExitCode = 0;
m_ServiceStatus.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_STOPPED;
m_ServiceStatus.dwCheckPoint = 0;
m_ServiceStatus.dwWaitHint = 0;
SetServiceStatus (m_ServiceStatusHandle,&m_ServiceStatus);
//bRunning=false;
break;
case SERVICE_CONTROL_INTERROGATE:
break;
}
return;
}
BOOL InstallService(CString &strPath)//無法創建其他應用程序爲服務，因爲它們不能響應啓動請求
{
//char strDir[1024]={0};
HANDLE schSCManager,schService;
// GetCurrentDirectory(1024,strDir);
// strcat(strDir," //test.exe ");
schSCManager = OpenSCManager(NULL,NULL,SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS);
if (schSCManager == NULL)
return false;
//LPCTSTR lpszBinaryPathName=strDir;
LPCTSTR lpszBinaryPathName;
if (strPath=="")
{
AfxMessageBox("You must tell me Exepath!");
return FALSE;
}
else
{
lpszBinaryPathName=strPath;
}
schService = CreateService(schSCManager,"Service1","wcdj",// service name to display
SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS, // desired access
SERVICE_WIN32_OWN_PROCESS|SERVICE_INTERACTIVE_PROCESS, // service type
//SERVICE_DEMAND_START, // start type
SERVICE_AUTO_START, //系統啓動時自動啓動
SERVICE_ERROR_NORMAL, // error control type
lpszBinaryPathName, // service's binary
NULL, // no load ordering group
NULL, // no tag identifier
NULL, // no dependencies
NULL, // LocalSystem account
NULL); // no password
if (schService == NULL)
return false;
CloseServiceHandle(schService);
return true;
}
BOOL DeleteService()
{
HANDLE schSCManager;
SC_HANDLE hService;
schSCManager = OpenSCManager(NULL,NULL,SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS);
if (schSCManager == NULL)
return false;
hService=OpenService(schSCManager,"Service1",SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS);
if (hService == NULL)
return false;
if(DeleteService(hService)==0)
return false;
if(CloseServiceHandle(hService)==0)
return false;
else
return true;
}
(3)修改BOOL CTestApp::InitInstance()中代碼，還是在test.cpp中。
//在別處顯示對話框
// CTestDlg dlg;
// m_pMainWnd = &dlg;
// int nResponse = dlg.DoModal();
// if (nResponse == IDOK)
// {
// // TODO: Place code here to handle when the dialog is
// // dismissed with OK
// }
// else if (nResponse == IDCANCEL)
// {
// // TODO: Place code here to handle when the dialog is
// // dismissed with Cancel
// }
//啓動服務(兩種方式：雙擊運行和SCM啓動，執行流程如剛開始提到的那樣)，對話框在下面顯示
SERVICE_TABLE_ENTRY DispatchTable[]={{"Service1",ServiceMain},{NULL,NULL}};
//StartServiceCtrlDispatcher(DispatchTable);
if (!StartServiceCtrlDispatcher(DispatchTable))
{
AfxMessageBox("當不是用SCM啓動程序的時候，程序執行下面的代碼");
CTestDlg dlg;
//m_pMainWnd = &dlg;
int nResponse = dlg.DoModal();
if (nResponse == IDOK)
{
// TODO: Place code here to handle when the dialog is
// dismissed with OK
}
else if (nResponse == IDCANCEL)
{
// TODO: Place code here to handle when the dialog is
// dismissed with Cancel
}
}
再在上面聲明全局函數：
extern void WINAPI ServiceMain(DWORD argc, LPTSTR *argv);
(4)在主對話框上，添加4個新按鈕和1個編輯框，功能分別是：安裝服務、刪除服務、打開服務管理器、顯示啓動項。代碼如下：
void CTestDlg::OnButton1() //安裝服務
{
UpdateData(TRUE);//讀取編輯框變量m_strSvrPath的值
if(InstallService(m_strSvrPath))
{
//printf("/n/nService Installed Sucessfully/n");
MessageBox("Service Installed Sucessfully","note",MB_OK|MB_ICONINFORMATION);
}
else
{
//printf("/n/nError Installing Service/n");
MessageBox("Error Installing Service","note",MB_OK|MB_ICONWARNING);
}
}
void CTestDlg::OnButton2() //刪除服務
{
if(DeleteService())
{
//printf("/n/nService UnInstalled Sucessfully/n");
MessageBox("Service UnInstalled Sucessfully","note",MB_OK|MB_ICONINFORMATION);
}
else
{
//printf("/n/nError UnInstalling Service/n");
MessageBox("Error UnInstalling Service","note",MB_OK|MB_ICONWARNING);
}
}
void CTestDlg::OnButton3() //打開服務管理器
{
//打開服務管理器
::ShellExecute(NULL,"open","cmd.exe","/c services.msc",NULL,SW_HIDE);
}
void CTestDlg::OnButton4() //顯示啓動項
{
//打開啓動項
::ShellExecute(NULL,"open","cmd.exe","/c msconfig",NULL,SW_HIDE);
}
最後別忘了在開頭聲明全局函數：
extern void WINAPI ServiceCtrlHandler(DWORD Opcode);
extern BOOL InstallService(CString &strPath);
extern BOOL DeleteService();
這個服務程序還不是很完善，應該再添加一些判斷和LogEvent記錄信息，但是主要的服務程序框架應該都包含了。
最後，希望讀到此篇文章的朋友提出自己的意見。 :)