我們我們經常在老式的項目開發過程中,遇到找java包的問題;甚至有時候一找一天就過去了。maven 是我們開發工程師的福音,它可以根據我們的配置自動的下載並加裝到我們的工程中,並在發佈的時候同時發佈對應的Java包。這樣大大提高了我們的工作效率,更有時間學習前沿的技術。
什麼是maven?
maven是專用於進行項目的配置管理工作;用maven創建的項目中必須包括一個pom.xml文件,用於設置依賴關係、項目的基本配置(grouId,artifactId,version等),編譯項目時用插件、環境配置、發佈管理、私服庫配置等。這樣我們不用太多關心項目的配置方面的問題,而是更專注於具體業務環境的開發。我們可以快速搭建起開發框架,通過maven來管理項目配置。
什麼是restful?
一種軟件架構風格,設計風格而不是標準,只是提供了一組設計原則和約束條件。它主要用於客戶端和服務器交互類的軟件。基於這個風格設計的軟件可以更簡潔,更有層次,更易於實現緩存等機制。其實說白了就是讓我們開發的代碼更少,通過很少代碼實現複雜的功能。
在maven項目中,我們需要有一個pom.xml文件;我們一實際舉個例子,先講一下項目背景:此項目主要是實現restful風格的接口項目,用於其他模塊調用使用。開發的思路:先配置一個pom.xml文件 然後在webapp/WEB-INFO目錄下創建web.xml文件用spring這個框架 模擬get、form提交的post方式來進行數據的交互。大家可以按照自己實際的要求刪減配置。
pom.xml 文件如下
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.seven.spring</groupId>
<artifactId>springtest</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<!-- 定義一些屬於變量,用於配置中使用,方面版本升級 -->
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<contextpath>easydoctor</contextpath>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<json-path-assert.version>2.0.0</json-path-assert.version>
<h2.version>1.4.184</h2.version>
<maven-compiler-plugin.version>3.1</maven-compiler-plugin.version>
<tomcat7-maven-plugin.version>2.0-beta-1</tomcat7-maven-plugin.version>
<maven-project-info-reports-plugin.version>2.7</maven-project-info-reports-plugin.version>
<maven-javadoc-plugin.version>2.9.1</maven-javadoc-plugin.version>
<maven-jxr-plugin.version>2.3</maven-jxr-plugin.version>
</properties>
<build>
<finalName>springtest</finalName>
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/resources/</directory>
<filtering>true</filtering>
</resource>
</resources>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>${maven-compiler-plugin.version}</version>
<configuration>
<source>${java.version}</source>
<target>${java.version}</target>
<encoding>utf-8</encoding>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
<dependencies>
<!-- 用於spring mvc 項目開發需要 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>4.1.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-io</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
<version>2.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
<version>1.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>4.1.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>4.1.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.freemarker</groupId>
<artifactId>freemarker</artifactId>
<version>2.3.23</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 用於json 序列化 和反序列話 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
<version>2.5.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
<version>2.5.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>2.5.4</version>
</dependency>
<!-- servlet採用常見的接受請求和生成響應的編程模型 ,由sun公司開發的 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
<!-- provided 隻影響在編譯 測試階段使用,不會在發佈、打包等階段將包放入lib目錄下,常用於我們發佈的目標容器中已經存在包 -->
</dependency>
<!-- 用於在代碼中自動生成set/get -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.16.4</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 用於處理json對象需要的包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-core-asl</artifactId>
<version>1.8.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-mapper-asl</artifactId>
<version>1.8.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-core-asl</artifactId>
<version>1.8.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-mapper-asl</artifactId>
<version>1.8.4</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
我們知道spring 的web項目是需要在webapp/WEB-INFO 目錄下創建一個web.xml文檔用戶進行相關web運行的設定(類過濾器,事務、dispatchseverlet 配置等)
web.xml文檔如下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
version="3.0">
<!-- <listener>
<listener-class>com.seven.PreContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath*:META-INF/spring/root/*.xml</param-value>
</context-param>-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>rest</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath*:rest-context.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>rest</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<!--
<filter>
<display-name>SignerFilter</display-name>
<filter-name>SignerFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>com.seven.SignerFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>SignerFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/apiController</url-pattern>
<dispatcher>REQUEST</dispatcher>
</filter-mapping>
<filter>
<display-name>ApiConvertFilter</display-name>
<filter-name>ApiConvertFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>com.seven.api</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>ApiConvertFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/apiController</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>-->
</web-app>
在web.xml的配置文件中,classpath*:rest-context.xml 作用是會加載這個配置運行,常在此配置中配置一些Bean,用於容器加載的時候自動創建對應的類對象(一般創建的對象都是singleton模式);
rest-context.xml 文件如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd">
<!-- 掃描包下的annotation標記 Controller Service restController等 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.seven.spring" />
<!-- 定義一個bean對象 -->
<bean id="userDetails" class="com.seven.spring.UserDetails"/>
<!-- 自動配置項 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven />
<context:annotation-config/>
<!-- 內容管理器配置 -->
<bean id="contentManager"
class="org.springframework.web.accept.ContentNegotiationManagerFactoryBean">
<property name="favorPathExtension" value="true"/>
<property name="ignoreAcceptHeader" value="true" />
<property name="defaultContentType" value="text/html" />
<property name="useJaf" value="false"/>
<property name="mediaTypes">
<map>
<entry key="json" value="application/json" />
<entry key="html" value="text/html" />
<entry key="xml" value="application/xml" />
</map>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- jsp視圖解析器配置 主要設定ModelAndView 的前綴、後綴 -->
<bean id="jspViewResolver"
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
</bean>
</beans>
基本配置完成後就是寫代碼了,我這邊主要做一些簡單的接口測試;相關代碼如下
package com.seven.spring;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseStatus;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class SpringRestControllerDemo {
@Autowired UserDetails userDetails;
/* @RequestMapping(value="/springcontent",
method=RequestMethod.GET,produces={"application/xml", "application/json"})
@RequestMapping(value="/springcontent.json",
method=RequestMethod.GET) */
@RequestMapping(value="/springcontent",method=RequestMethod.POST)
@ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.OK)
public UserDetails getUser() {
UserDetails userDetails = new UserDetails();
userDetails.setUserName("seven");
userDetails.setEmailId("[email protected]");
return userDetails;
}
@RequestMapping(value = "springcontentadd", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public UserDetails addUser(@RequestBody UserDetails userDetails) {
System.out.println("userdetail="+userDetails);
return userDetails;
}
@RequestMapping(value = "springcontentpar", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String getRquerypar(@RequestParam("name") String userDetails) {
System.out.println("userdetail="+userDetails);
return userDetails;
}
@RequestMapping(value="/springcontent.htm", method=RequestMethod.GET)
@ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.OK)
public String getUserHtml() {
//Test HTML view
return "example";
}
}
大家在自己的本機創建試試。