內核將內核命令行的參數解析爲“--”。如果內核不識別參數，也不包含“.”，那麼參數會被傳遞給init：帶“=”的參數會被傳遞給init環境，其他會作爲命令行參數傳遞給init。“ -- ”之後的所有內容都作爲參數被傳遞給init。
可以通過兩種方式指定模塊參數：通過帶有模塊名稱前綴的內核命令行，或通過modprobe，例如：
(kernel command line) usbcore.blinkenlights=1
(modprobe command line) modprobe usbcore blinkenlights=1
內置在內核中的模塊的參數需要在內核命令行上明確規定。modprobe查看內核命令行（/proc/cmdline）並在加載模塊時收集模塊參數，因此內核命令行也可用於可加載模塊。
參數名稱中的連字符（破折號）和下劃線相同，因此：
log_buf_len=1M print-fatal-signals=1
也可以輸入爲：
log-buf-len=1M print_fatal_signals=1
雙引號可用於保護值中的空格，例如：
param="spaces in here"
CPU列表
一些內核參數將CPU列表作爲值，例如isolcpus，nohz_full，irqaffinity，rcu_nocbs。該列表的格式爲：
<cpu number>,…,<cpu number>
或者
<cpu number>-<cpu number> （必須爲升序）
或混合起來：
<cpu number>,…,<cpu number>-<cpu number>
請注意，對於某個範圍的特殊情況，可以將該範圍拆分爲大小相等的組，對於每個組，使用該組開頭的某個量：
<cpu number>-cpu number>:<used size>/<group size>
例如，可以將以下參數添加到命令行：
isolcpus=1,2,10-20,100-2000:2/25
其中最後一項代表CPU 100,101,125,126,150,151 …
命令“modinfo -p ${modulename}”顯示可加載模塊的所有參數的當前列表。可加載模塊加載到正在運行的內核後，還會在 /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/ 顯示其參數。其中一些參數可以在運行時通過 echo -n ${value} > /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/${parm} 命令更改。
示例：
# modinfo -p loop
max_loop:Maximum number of loop devices (int)
max_part:Maximum number of partitions per loop device (int)
# modinfo -p lp
parport: (array of charp)
reset: (bool)
# modinfo -p acpi
acpi_pstate_strict:value 0 or non-zero. non-zero -> strict ACPI checks are performed during frequency changes. (uint)
# modinfo -p kvm
ignore_msrs: (bool)
min_timer_period_us: (uint)
kvmclock_periodic_sync: (bool)
tsc_tolerance_ppm: (uint)
lapic_timer_advance_ns: (uint)
vector_hashing: (bool)
halt_poll_ns: (uint)
halt_poll_ns_grow: (uint)
halt_poll_ns_shrink: (uint)
以下列出的參數僅在啓用了某些內核構建選項且存在相應硬件的情況下才有效。每個描述開頭方括號中的文本說明了參數適用的限制。
ACPI ACPI support is enabled.
AGP AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) is enabled.
ALSA ALSA sound support is enabled.
APIC APIC support is enabled.
APM Advanced Power Management support is enabled.
ARM ARM architecture is enabled.
ARM64 ARM64 architecture is enabled.
AX25 Appropriate AX.25 support is enabled.
CLK Common clock infrastructure is enabled.
CMA Contiguous Memory Area support is enabled.
DRM Direct Rendering Management support is enabled.
DYNAMIC_DEBUG Build in debug messages and enable them at runtime
EDD BIOS Enhanced Disk Drive Services (EDD) is enabled
EFI EFI Partitioning (GPT) is enabled
EIDE EIDE/ATAPI support is enabled.
EVM Extended Verification Module
FB The frame buffer device is enabled.
FTRACE Function tracing enabled.
GCOV GCOV profiling is enabled.
HW Appropriate hardware is enabled.
IA-64 IA-64 architecture is enabled.
IMA Integrity measurement architecture is enabled.
IOSCHED More than one I/O scheduler is enabled.
IP_PNP IP DHCP, BOOTP, or RARP is enabled.
IPV6 IPv6 support is enabled.
ISAPNP ISA PnP code is enabled.
ISDN Appropriate ISDN support is enabled.
ISOL CPU Isolation is enabled.
JOY Appropriate joystick support is enabled.
KGDB Kernel debugger support is enabled.
KVM Kernel Virtual Machine support is enabled.
LIBATA Libata driver is enabled
LP Printer support is enabled.
LOOP Loopback device support is enabled.
M68k M68k architecture is enabled.
These options have more detailed description inside of
Documentation/m68k/kernel-options.rst.
MDA MDA console support is enabled.
MIPS MIPS architecture is enabled.
MOUSE Appropriate mouse support is enabled.
MSI Message Signaled Interrupts (PCI).
MTD MTD (Memory Technology Device) support is enabled.
NET Appropriate network support is enabled.
NUMA NUMA support is enabled.
NFS Appropriate NFS support is enabled.
OF Devicetree is enabled.
OSS OSS sound support is enabled.
PV_OPS A paravirtualized kernel is enabled.
PARIDE The ParIDE (parallel port IDE) subsystem is enabled.
PARISC The PA-RISC architecture is enabled.
PCI PCI bus support is enabled.
PCIE PCI Express support is enabled.
PCMCIA The PCMCIA subsystem is enabled.
PNP Plug & Play support is enabled.
PPC PowerPC architecture is enabled.
PPT Parallel port support is enabled.
PS2 Appropriate PS/2 support is enabled.
RAM RAM disk support is enabled.
RDT Intel Resource Director Technology.
S390 S390 architecture is enabled.
SCSI Appropriate SCSI support is enabled.
A lot of drivers have their options described inside
the Documentation/scsi/ sub-directory.
SECURITY Different security models are enabled.
SELINUX SELinux support is enabled.
APPARMOR AppArmor support is enabled.
SERIAL Serial support is enabled.
SH SuperH architecture is enabled.
SMP The kernel is an SMP kernel.
SPARC Sparc architecture is enabled.
SWSUSP Software suspend (hibernation) is enabled.
SUSPEND System suspend states are enabled.
TPM TPM drivers are enabled.
TS Appropriate touchscreen support is enabled.
UMS USB Mass Storage support is enabled.
USB USB support is enabled.
USBHID USB Human Interface Device support is enabled.
V4L Video For Linux support is enabled.
VMMIO Driver for memory mapped virtio devices is enabled.
VGA The VGA console has been enabled.
VT Virtual terminal support is enabled.
WDT Watchdog support is enabled.
XT IBM PC/XT MFM hard disk support is enabled.
X86-32 X86-32, aka i386 architecture is enabled.
X86-64 X86-64 architecture is enabled.
More X86-64 boot options can be found in
Documentation/x86/x86_64/boot-options.rst.
X86 Either 32-bit or 64-bit x86 (same as X86-32+X86-64)
X86_UV SGI UV support is enabled.
XEN Xen support is enabled
此外，下面的文本表示該選項：
BUGS= Relates to possible processor bugs on the said processor.
KNL Is a kernel start-up parameter.
BOOT Is a boot loader parameter.
用BOOT表示的參數實際上是由引導加載程序解釋的，對內核沒有直接意義。在沒有特殊需要或參考<Documentation/x86/boot.rst>的情況下，不要修改引導加載程序參數的語法。
示例：
cachesize= [BUGS=X86-32] Override level 2 CPU cache size detection.
Sometimes CPU hardware bugs make them report the cache
size incorrectly. The kernel will attempt work arounds
to fix known problems, but for some CPUs it is not
possible to determine what the correct size should be.
This option provides an override for these situations.
在x86 32位架構下，有時CPU硬件錯誤會使它們錯誤地報告二級緩存大小。通過設置cachesize參數，覆蓋錯誤的緩存大小。
init= [KNL]
Format: <full_path>
Run specified binary instead of /sbin/init as init
process.
init參數是內核啓動時加載的。表示運行指定的二進制文件而不是/sbin/init作爲init進程。
initrd= [BOOT] Specify the location of the initial ramdisk
initrd參數指定初始ramdisk的位置。
還有一些特定於arch的內核參數在這裏沒有記錄。
請注意，下面列出的所有內核參數都是區分大小寫的，任何參數名稱後尾隨=表示該參數將作爲環境變量輸入，而如果沒有該參數，則表示該參數將作爲內核參數顯示，在系統啓動後由運行的程序通過/proc/cmdline讀取。
內核參數的數量不受限制，但完整命令行的長度（包括空格等參數）被限制爲固定的字符數。此限制取決於體系結構，介於256到4096個字符之間。它在文件./include/asm/setup.h中被定義爲 COMMAND_LINE_SIZE 。
示例：
# cat /usr/include/asm-generic/setup.h
#ifndef __ASM_GENERIC_SETUP_H
#define __ASM_GENERIC_SETUP_H
#define COMMAND_LINE_SIZE 512
#endif /* __ASM_GENERIC_SETUP_H */
最後，[KMG]後綴通常在許多內核參數值之後出現。這些“ K”，“ M”和“ G”字母代表二進制乘數“ Kilo”，“ Mega”和“ Giga”，分別等於2^10 、 2^20 和 2^30個字節。這樣的字母后綴也可以完全省略。
內核的命令行參數太多了，我不翻譯了。
參考文檔
https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.html