Android中WebView與Javascript的交互實例

Android 中可以通過webview來實現和js的交互,在程序中調用js代碼,只需要將webview控件的支持js的屬性設置爲true

Android(Java)與JavaScript(HTML)交互有四種情況:

1) Android(Java)調用HTML中js代碼

2) Android(Java)調用HTML中js代碼(帶參數)

3) HTML中js調用Android(Java)代碼

4) HTML中js調用Android(Java)代碼(帶參數)

下面示例總結這四種情況,直接上乾貨:
1. Android (Java)


    private void showWebView(){     // webView與js交互代碼
        try {
            mWebView = new WebView(this);
            setContentView(mWebView);

            mWebView.requestFocus();

            mWebView.setWebChromeClient(new WebChromeClient(){
                @Override
                public void onProgressChanged(WebView view, int progress){
                    JSAndroidActivity.this.setTitle("Loading...");
                    JSAndroidActivity.this.setProgress(progress);

                    if(progress >= 80) {
                        JSAndroidActivity.this.setTitle("JsAndroid Test");
                    }
                }
            });

            mWebView.setOnKeyListener(new View.OnKeyListener() {        // webview can go back
                @Override
                public boolean onKey(View v, int keyCode, KeyEvent event) {
                    if(keyCode == KeyEvent.KEYCODE_BACK && mWebView.canGoBack()) {
                        mWebView.goBack();
                        return true;
                    }
                    return false;
                }
            });

            WebSettings webSettings = mWebView.getSettings();
            webSettings.setJavaScriptEnabled(true);
            webSettings.setDefaultTextEncodingName("utf-8");

            mWebView.addJavascriptInterface(getHtmlObject(), "jsObj");
            mWebView.loadUrl("http://192.168.1.121:8080/jsandroid/index.html");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private Object getHtmlObject(){
        Object insertObj = new Object(){
            public String HtmlcallJava(){
                return "Html call Java";
            }

            public String HtmlcallJava2(final String param){
                return "Html call Java : " + param;
            }

            public void JavacallHtml(){
                runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        mWebView.loadUrl("javascript: showFromHtml()");
                        Toast.makeText(JSAndroidActivity.this, "clickBtn", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    }
                });
            }

            public void JavacallHtml2(){
                runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        mWebView.loadUrl("javascript: showFromHtml2('IT-homer blog')");
                        Toast.makeText(JSAndroidActivity.this, "clickBtn2", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    }
                });
            }
        };

        return insertObj;
    }

2. Javascript (html)


    <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">  
    <!-- saved from url=(0032)http://localhost:8080/jsandroid/ -->  
    <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">  

    <meta http-equiv="Expires" content="0">  
    <meta http-equiv="Pragma" content="no-cache">  
    <meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-store,no-cache">   
    <meta name="Handheldfriendly" content="true">  
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=100%; initial-scale=1.0; user-scalable=yes">  
    <meta name="robots" content="all">  
    <meta name="keywords" contect="doodle, mobile, doodlemobile, game, games">  
    <meta name="description" content="Make People's Mobile Life More Connected Through Games.">  

    <title>jsandroid_test</title>  

    <script type="text/javascript" language="javascript">   

        function showHtmlcallJava(){  
            var str = window.jsObj.HtmlcallJava();  
            alert(str);  
        }  

        function showHtmlcallJava2(){  
            var str = window.jsObj.HtmlcallJava2("IT-homer blog");  
            alert(str);  
        }  

        function showFromHtml(){  
            document.getElementById("id_input").value = "Java call Html";  
        }  

        function showFromHtml2( param ){  
            document.getElementById("id_input2").value = "Java call Html : " + param;   
        }  
    </script>  
    </head>  


    <body>  

    hello IT-homer  

    <br>  
    <br>  
    <br>  

    <input type="button" value="HtmlcallJava" onclick="showHtmlcallJava()" />  
    <br>  
    <input type="button" value="HtmlcallJava2" onclick="showHtmlcallJava2()" />  

    <br>  
    <br>  
    <br>  
    <br>  

    <input id="id_input" style="width: 90%" type="text" value="null" />  
    <br>  
    <input type="button" value="JavacallHtml" onclick="window.jsObj.JavacallHtml()" />  

    <br>  
    <br>  
    <br>  

    <input id="id_input2" style="width: 90%" type="text" value="null" />  
    <br>  
    <input type="button" value="JavacallHtml2" onclick="window.jsObj.JavacallHtml2()" />  

    </body>  
    </html>  

3. 運行結果:


4. 代碼解析

(1) 允許Android執行js腳本設置

Android(Java)與js(HTML)交互的接口函數是: mWebView.addJavascriptInterface(getHtmlObject(), “jsObj”); // jsObj 爲橋連對象

Android容許執行js腳本需要設置: webSettings.setJavaScriptEnabled(true);

(2) js(HTML)訪問Android(Java)代碼

js(HTML)訪問Android(Java)端代碼是通過jsObj對象實現的,調用jsObj對象中的函數,如: window.jsObj.HtmlcallJava()

(3) Android(Java)訪問js(HTML)代碼

Android(Java)訪問js(HTML)端代碼是通過loadUrl函數實現的,訪問格式如:mWebView.loadUrl(“javascript: showFromHtml()”);

說明:

1) Android訪問url網址,需在AndroidManifest.xml文件,配置容許訪問網絡的權限:

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />

2) Android(Java)調用js(HTML)時,使用的mWebView.loadUrl(“javascript: showFromHtml()”);函數需在UI線程運行,因爲mWebView爲UI控件


    public void JavacallHtml() {
        runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                mWebView.loadUrl("javascript: showFromHtml()");
                Toast.makeText(JSAndroidActivity.this, "clickBtn", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
    }
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