準備：已安裝hadoop，這裏我使用hadoop-2.6.0單進僞分佈式，將hive安裝在hadoop用戶下
第一部分：安裝配置mysql
1.確保系統中已安裝了MySQL，可以先嚐試啓動MySQL服務，一般在root權限下啓動service mysqld start
若顯示：mysqld: unrecognized service則是mysql沒有安裝，在這裏我選擇用yum命令安裝mysql
yum -y install mysql-server mysql mysql-devel
命令將：mysql-server、mysql、mysql-devel都安裝好，當結果顯示爲“Complete！”即安裝完畢。
詳細過程：http://jingyan.baidu.com/article/c74d600079be530f6a595dc3.html
2.進入MySQL，一定先啓動mysql，否則會報錯：
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock' (2)
3.配置HIVE元數據庫，以及創建用戶名，分配網絡訪問權限。
insert into mysql.user(Host,User,Password) values("hadoop","hive",password("hive"));
create database hive;
grant all on hive.* to hive@'%' identified by 'hive';
grant all on hive.* to hive@'localhost' identified by 'hive';
grant all on hive.* to hive@'hadoop' identified by 'hive';
flush privileges;
4.mysql -uhive -p
show databases;
use hive;
create table test (name int);
show tables;
drop table test;
第二部分：安裝配置hive
1.導入hive安裝包，在/home/hadoop目錄下，解壓縮
tar -zxvf apache-hive-1.2.1-bin.tar.gz
mv apache-hive-1.2.1-bin hive
2.配置環境變量，在hadoop用戶下，配置.bash_profile
CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$HADOOP_HOME/lib:/home/hadoop/hive/lib
HIVE_HOME=/home/hadoop/hive
PATH=$PATH:$HIVE_HOME/bin
配置好後source .bash_profile,用echo $HIVE_HOME命令,若顯示/home/hadoop/hive，則配置正確。
3.配置hive-site.xml和hive-env.sh.template兩個文件,hive-site.xml文件沒有，需要自己複製出來
cd /home/hadoop/hive/conf
cp hive-default.xml.template hive-site.xml
vim hive-site.xml，可以輸入:/javax/來快速定位
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>
<value>hive</value>
<description>password to use against metastore database</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>
<value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hive?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true</value>
<description>JDBC connect string for a JDBC metastore</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>
<value>hive</value>
<description>Username to use against metastore database</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>
<value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>
<description>Driver class name for a JDBC metastore</description>
</property>
vim hive-env.sh.template
# Set HADOOP_HOME to point to a specific hadoop install directory
HADOOP_HOME=/home/hadoop/hadoop/hadoop-2.6.0
# Hive Configuration Directory can be controlled by:
export HIVE_CONF_DIR=/home/hadoop/hive/conf
4.將mysql-connector-java-5.1.22-bin.jar導入/hive/lib中，不導入會報錯
5.故障處理1：報錯Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException:
java.net.URISyntaxException: Relative path in absolute URI: ${system:java.io.tmpdir%7D/$%7Bsystem:user.name%7D
在hive下創建臨時IO的tmp文件夾。然後將路徑配置到hive-site.xml的下列參數中
<property>
<name>hive.querylog.location</name>
<value>/home/hadoop/hive/iotmp</value>
<description>Location of Hive run time structured log file</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>hive.exec.local.scratchdir</name>
<value>/home/hadoop/hive/iotmp</value>
<description>Local scratch space for Hive jobs</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>hive.downloaded.resources.dir</name>
<value>/home/hadoop/hive/iotmp</value>
<description>Temporary local directory for added resources in the remote file system.</description>
</property>
故障處理2：報錯[ERROR] Terminal initialization failed; falling back to unsupported
java.lang.IncompatibleClassChangeError: Found class jline.Terminal, but interface was expected
將hive下的新版本jline的JAR包拷貝到hadoop下：
cp /hive/apache-hive-1.1.0-bin/lib/jline-2.12.jar /home/hadoop/hadoop-2.6.0/share/hadoop/yarn/lib
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 87325 Mar 10 18:10 jline-0.9.94.jar.bak
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 213854 Mar 11 22:22 jline-2.12.jar
6.啓動hadoop,此處我是使用僞分佈式，所以要先進入hadoop-2.6.0目錄下
sbin/start-all.sh
之後，可以啓動hive
hive
或 hive -hiveconf hive.root.logger=DEBUG,console 輸出bug，顯示在控制檯
或 hive --hiveconf hive.cli.print.current.db=true 同時啓動數據庫