HashMap

HashMap的存儲結構是這樣：

數組加鏈表的結構：

查看hashmap源碼可以看到(jdk1.8) 採用數組+鏈表+紅黑樹的結構

首先有一個每個元素都是鏈表（可能表述不準確）的數組，當添加一個元素（key-value）時，就首先計算元素key的hash值，以此確定插入數組中的位置，但是可能存在同一hash值的元素已經被放在數組同一位置了，這時就添加到同一hash值的元素的後面，他們在數組的同一位置，但是形成了鏈表，所以說數組存放的是鏈表。而當鏈表長度太長時，鏈表就轉換爲紅黑樹，這樣大大提高了查找的效率。

static final class TreeNode<K,V> extends LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> {
    TreeNode<K,V> parent;  // red-black tree links
    TreeNode<K,V> left;
    TreeNode<K,V> right;
    TreeNode<K,V> prev;    // needed to unlink next upon deletion
    boolean red;
    TreeNode(int hash, K key, V val, Node<K,V> next) {
        super(hash, key, val, next);
    }

final V putVal(int hash, K key, V value, boolean onlyIfAbsent,
               boolean evict) {
    Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> p; int n, i;
    if ((tab = table) == null || (n = tab.length) == 0)
        n = (tab = resize()).length;
    if ((p = tab[i = (n - 1) & hash]) == null)
        tab[i] = newNode(hash, key, value, null);//如果根據hash值在數組中不存在節點，在數組中創建節點
    else {
        Node<K,V> e; K k;
        if (p.hash == hash &&
            ((k = p.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))// 
            e = p;
        else if (p instanceof TreeNode)
            e = ((TreeNode<K,V>)p).putTreeVal(this, tab, hash, key, value);//屬於紅黑樹處理
        else { //鏈表處理
            for (int binCount = 0; ; ++binCount) {
                if ((e = p.next) == null) {
                    p.next = newNode(hash, key, value, null);
                    if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD - 1) // -1 for 1st
                        treeifyBin(tab, hash);
                    break;
                }
                if (e.hash == hash &&
                    ((k = e.key) == key	 || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
                    break;
                p = e;
            }
        }
        if (e != null) { // existing mapping for key//將value存儲到節點
            V oldValue = e.value;
            if (!onlyIfAbsent || oldValue == null)
                e.value = value;
            afterNodeAccess(e);
            return oldValue;
        }
    }
    ++modCount;
    if (++size > threshold)
        resize();
    afterNodeInsertion(evict);
    return null;
}

另外HashMap是非同步的，這點與HashTable不同：比如put方法

hashMap的put:

public V put(K key, V value) {
    return putVal(hash(key), key, value, false, true);
}

HashTable 的put"

public synchronized V put(K key, V value) {
    // Make sure the value is not null
    if (value == null) {
        throw new NullPointerException();
    }

    // Makes sure the key is not already in the hashtable.
    Entry<?,?> tab[] = table;
    int hash = key.hashCode();
    int index = (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length;
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    Entry<K,V> entry = (Entry<K,V>)tab[index];
    for(; entry != null ; entry = entry.next) {
        if ((entry.hash == hash) && entry.key.equals(key)) {
            V old = entry.value;
            entry.value = value;
            return old;
        }
    }

    addEntry(hash, key, value, index);
    return null;
}