ubuntu16.04+windows8.1GPT分區下的引導

硬盤的分區表格式是GUID的,所有的引導都會放置在一個fat32的ESP隱藏分區裏面,我原先的系統是windows8.1,在這個環境下面,分出來50個G來安裝ubuntu16.04操作系統,按照步驟安裝完成之後,不會出現只能進入windows8.1這個系統,什麼都不做的話都能進入系統選擇界面,安裝ubuntu16.04之後,默認的引導是ubuntu的grub程序,最主要的一個配置文件是/boot/grub/grub.cfg配置,下面我將我電腦上的這個配置貼出來:

#
# DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE
#
# It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates
# from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub
#

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ###
if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then
  set have_grubenv=true
  load_env
fi
if [ "${next_entry}" ] ; then
   set default="${next_entry}"
   set next_entry=
   save_env next_entry
   set boot_once=true
else
   set default="0"
fi

if [ x"${feature_menuentry_id}" = xy ]; then
  menuentry_id_option="--id"
else
  menuentry_id_option=""
fi

export menuentry_id_option

if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then
  set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}"
  save_env saved_entry
  set prev_saved_entry=
  save_env prev_saved_entry
  set boot_once=true
fi

function savedefault {
  if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then
    saved_entry="${chosen}"
    save_env saved_entry
  fi
}
function recordfail {
  set recordfail=1
  if [ -n "${have_grubenv}" ]; then if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then save_env recordfail; fi; fi
}
function load_video {
  if [ x$feature_all_video_module = xy ]; then
    insmod all_video
  else
    insmod efi_gop
    insmod efi_uga
    insmod ieee1275_fb
    insmod vbe
    insmod vga
    insmod video_bochs
    insmod video_cirrus
  fi
}

if [ x$feature_default_font_path = xy ] ; then
   font=unicode
else
insmod part_gpt
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,gpt8'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt8 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt8 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt8  4ea9abbf-1ff0-442c-b5a4-7ee6db251e0a
else
  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 4ea9abbf-1ff0-442c-b5a4-7ee6db251e0a
fi
    font="/share/grub/unicode.pf2"
fi

if loadfont $font ; then
  set gfxmode=auto
  load_video
  insmod gfxterm
  set locale_dir=$prefix/locale
  set lang=zh_CN
  insmod gettext
fi
terminal_output gfxterm
if [ "${recordfail}" = 1 ] ; then
  set timeout=30
else
  if [ x$feature_timeout_style = xy ] ; then
    set timeout_style=menu
    set timeout=10
  # Fallback normal timeout code in case the timeout_style feature is
  # unavailable.
  else
    set timeout=10
  fi
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ###
set menu_color_normal=white/black
set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray
if background_color 44,0,30,0; then
  clear
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
function gfxmode {
    set gfxpayload="${1}"
    if [ "${1}" = "keep" ]; then
        set vt_handoff=vt.handoff=7
    else
        set vt_handoff=
    fi
}
if [ "${recordfail}" != 1 ]; then
  if [ -e ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt ]; then
    if hwmatch ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt 3; then
      if [ ${match} = 0 ]; then
        set linux_gfx_mode=keep
      else
        set linux_gfx_mode=text
      fi
    else
      set linux_gfx_mode=text
    fi
  else
    set linux_gfx_mode=keep
  fi
else
  set linux_gfx_mode=text
fi
export linux_gfx_mode
menuentry 'Ubuntu' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-simple-5aa4c845-d1c3-4466-9f3b-19188a11e88c' {
    recordfail
    load_video
    gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
    insmod gzio
    if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
    insmod part_gpt
    insmod ext2
    set root='hd0,gpt7'
    if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt7 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt7 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt7  8309c187-d72e-4085-aa54-a6064f5841db
    else
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 8309c187-d72e-4085-aa54-a6064f5841db
    fi
    linux   /vmlinuz-4.4.0-22-generic.efi.signed root=UUID=5aa4c845-d1c3-4466-9f3b-19188a11e88c ro  quiet splash $vt_handoff
    initrd  /initrd.img-4.4.0-22-generic
}
#submenu 'Ubuntu 高級選項' $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-5aa4c845-#d1c3-4466-9f3b-19188a11e88c' {
#   menuentry 'Ubuntu,Linux 4.4.0-22-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --#class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.4.0-22-generic-advanced-5aa4c845-#d1c3-4466-9f3b-19188a11e88c' {
#       recordfail
#       load_video
#       gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
#       insmod gzio
#       if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
#       insmod part_gpt
#       insmod ext2
#       set root='hd0,gpt7'
#       if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
#         search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt7 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt7 #--hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt7  8309c187-d72e-4085-aa54-a6064f5841db
#       else
#         search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 8309c187-d72e-4085-aa54-a6064f5841db
#       fi
#       echo    '載入 Linux 4.4.0-22-generic ...'
#       linux   /vmlinuz-4.4.0-22-generic.efi.signed root=UUID=5aa4c845-#d1c3-4466-9f3b-19188a11e88c ro  quiet splash $vt_handoff
#       echo    '載入初始化內存盤...'
#       initrd  /initrd.img-4.4.0-22-generic
#   }
#   menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.4.0-22-generic (upstart)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.4.0-22-generic-init-upstart-5aa4c845-d1c3-4466-9f3b-19188a11e88c' {
#       recordfail
#       load_video
#       gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
#       insmod gzio
#       if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
#       insmod part_gpt
#       insmod ext2
#       set root='hd0,gpt7'
#       if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
#         search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt7 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt7 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt7  8309c187-d72e-4085-aa54-a6064f5841db
#       else
#         search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 8309c187-d72e-4085-aa54-a6064f5841db
#       fi
#       echo    '載入 Linux 4.4.0-22-generic ...'
#       linux   /vmlinuz-4.4.0-22-generic.efi.signed root=UUID=5aa4c845-d1c3-4466-9f3b-19188a11e88c ro  quiet splash $vt_handoff init=/sbin/upstart
#       echo    '載入初始化內存盤...'
#       initrd  /initrd.img-4.4.0-22-generic
#   }
#   menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.4.0-22-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.4.0-22-generic-recovery-5aa4c845-d1c3-4466-9f3b-19188a11e88c' {
#       recordfail
#       load_video
#       insmod gzio
#       if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
#       insmod part_gpt
#       insmod ext2
#       set root='hd0,gpt7'
#       if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
#         search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt7 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt7 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt7  8309c187-d72e-4085-aa54-a6064f5841db
#       else
#         search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 8309c187-d72e-4085-aa54-a6064f5841db
#       fi
#       echo    '載入 Linux 4.4.0-22-generic ...'
#       linux   /vmlinuz-4.4.0-22-generic.efi.signed root=UUID=5aa4c845-d1c3-4466-9f3b-19188a11e88c ro recovery nomodeset 
#       echo    '載入初始化內存盤...'
#       initrd  /initrd.img-4.4.0-22-generic
#   }
#   menuentry 'Ubuntu,Linux 4.4.0-21-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.4.0-21-generic-advanced-5aa4c845-d1c3-4466-9f3b-19188a11e88c' {
#       recordfail
#       load_video
#       gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
#       insmod gzio
#       if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
#       insmod part_gpt
#       insmod ext2
#       set root='hd0,gpt7'
#       if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
#         search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt7 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt7 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt7  8309c187-d72e-4085-aa54-a6064f5841db
#       else
#         search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 8309c187-d72e-4085-aa54-a6064f5841db
#       fi
#       echo    '載入 Linux 4.4.0-21-generic ...'
#       linux   /vmlinuz-4.4.0-21-generic.efi.signed root=UUID=5aa4c845-d1c3-4466-9f3b-19188a11e88c ro  quiet splash $vt_handoff
#       echo    '載入初始化內存盤...'
#       initrd  /initrd.img-4.4.0-21-generic
#   }
#   menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.4.0-21-generic (upstart)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.4.0-21-generic-init-upstart-5aa4c845-d1c3-4466-9f3b-19188a11e88c' {
#       recordfail
#       load_video
#       gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
#       insmod gzio
#       if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
#       insmod part_gpt
#       insmod ext2
#       set root='hd0,gpt7'
#       if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
#         search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt7 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt7 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt7  8309c187-d72e-4085-aa54-a6064f5841db
#       else
#         search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 8309c187-d72e-4085-aa54-a6064f5841db
#       fi
#       echo    '載入 Linux 4.4.0-21-generic ...'
#       linux   /vmlinuz-4.4.0-21-generic.efi.signed root=UUID=5aa4c845-d1c3-4466-9f3b-19188a11e88c ro  quiet splash $vt_handoff init=/sbin/upstart
#       echo    '載入初始化內存盤...'
#       initrd  /initrd.img-4.4.0-21-generic
#   }
#   menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.4.0-21-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.4.0-21-generic-recovery-5aa4c845-d1c3-4466-9f3b-19188a11e88c' {
#       recordfail
#       load_video
#       insmod gzio
#       if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
#       insmod part_gpt
#       insmod ext2
#       set root='hd0,gpt7'
#       if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
#         search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt7 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt7 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt7  8309c187-d72e-4085-aa54-a6064f5841db
#       else
#         search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 8309c187-d72e-4085-aa54-a6064f5841db
#       fi
#       echo    '載入 Linux 4.4.0-21-generic ...'
#       linux   /vmlinuz-4.4.0-21-generic.efi.signed root=UUID=5aa4c845-d1c3-4466-9f3b-19188a11e88c ro recovery nomodeset 
#       echo    '載入初始化內存盤...'
#       initrd  /initrd.img-4.4.0-21-generic
#   }
#}

### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###

### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###
### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
menuentry 'Windows 8.1' --class windows --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-efi-000F-0352' {
    insmod part_gpt
    insmod fat
    set root='hd0,gpt1'
    if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt1 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt1  000F-0352
    else
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 000F-0352
    fi
    chainloader /EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi
}
set timeout_style=menu
if [ "${timeout}" = 0 ]; then
  set timeout=10
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ###
#menuentry 'System setup' $menuentry_id_option 'uefi-firmware' {
#   fwsetup
#}
### END /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###
# This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries.  Simply type the
# menu entries you want to add after this comment.  Be careful not to change
# the 'exec tail' line above.
### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###
if [ -f  ${config_directory}/custom.cfg ]; then
  source ${config_directory}/custom.cfg
elif [ -z "${config_directory}" -a -f  $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then
  source $prefix/custom.cfg;
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###

這個配置的寫法感覺就是shell腳本,這個文件是ubuntu自動生成的,一般情況可以不用改。
裏面以#開頭的是批註,可以不用看,我們需要看的就是前面以menuentry開頭的內容,這個內容所代表的就是開機頁面啓動顯示的系統引導,例如:

menuentry 'Windows 8.1' --class windows --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-efi-000F-0352' {
    insmod part_gpt
    insmod fat
    set root='hd0,gpt1'
    if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt1 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt1  000F-0352
    else
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 000F-0352
    fi
    chainloader /EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi
}

在grub.cfg裏面,我上面的內容代表的我windows8.1的引導,如果沒有這個內容,那麼將無法進入windows8.1。
chainloader /EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi,這個代表我電腦裏面windows8.1系統的啓動管理所存在的位置,同理我電腦上面的ubuntu系統的引導配置:

menuentry 'Ubuntu' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-simple-5aa4c845-d1c3-4466-9f3b-19188a11e88c' {
    recordfail
    load_video
    gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
    insmod gzio
    if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
    insmod part_gpt
    insmod ext2
    set root='hd0,gpt7'
    if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt7 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt7 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt7  8309c187-d72e-4085-aa54-a6064f5841db
    else
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 8309c187-d72e-4085-aa54-a6064f5841db
    fi
    linux   /vmlinuz-4.4.0-22-generic.efi.signed root=UUID=5aa4c845-d1c3-4466-9f3b-19188a11e88c ro  quiet splash $vt_handoff
    initrd  /initrd.img-4.4.0-22-generic
}

這個就是我係統裏面的ubuntu引導。
在這個配置下面還有許多加了註釋的引導,例如ubuntu高級選項和Sytem setup這兩個引導,這是我自己加上了註釋,ubuntu生成這個grub.cfg的時候是沒有註釋的,那個時候開機啓動的時候顯示4個選項,第一個進入ubuntu,第三個進入windows8.1,剩餘的兩個基本沒什麼用,所以我爲了界面簡化,加上了的註釋。
這裏面還有一些其他配置,裏面開機時候出現系統選擇引導界面默認等待時間,可以修改:

  if [ x$feature_timeout_style = xy ] ; then
    set timeout_style=menu
    set timeout=10
  # Fallback normal timeout code in case the timeout_style feature is
  # unavailable.
  else
    set timeout=10
  fi
set timeout_style=menu
if [ "${timeout}" = 0 ]; then
  set timeout=10
fi

那個set timeout=10,這裏面的進行了一個判斷,有一個timeout變量,這個變量就是保存系統默認等待時間的變量,這些我們都可以不管,之後將set timeout=10後面的10改成其他的數字,那麼系統默認等待時間就會改變了。
因爲使用的是ubuntu的grub引導,所以默認啓動的系統就是ubuntu,但是這個默認是可以改的:

if [ "${next_entry}" ] ; then
   set default="${next_entry}"
   set next_entry=
   save_env next_entry
   set boot_once=true
else
   set default="0"
fi

裏面有一個set default=”0”,這個0指向的就是ubuntu系統,我們可以更改成爲windows對應的數字,也就是windows是第幾個引導而已,上面就是我的grub.cfg配置,默認的ubuntu引導

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