安裝遇到的問題:
對memcache的操作一般都是放程序裏面去操作的,新增,更新,刪除什麼的。如果能利用mysql來對memcache進行操作,那就更好,代碼端就會簡單一點。但是利用mysql來操作memcache,比較適合實現簡單的方式。下面說一下安裝的過程和遇到的問題,在看安裝過程的之前,我覺得應當先看一下,我安裝時候所遇到的問題,這樣你可以避免掉,少走一點彎路。
一,安裝所要的軟件
mysql5.1以上版本:http://downloads.mysql.com/archives/
libevent下載:wget http://www.monkey.org/~provos/libevent-1.2.tar.gz
libmemcached下載:http://download.tangent.org/
memcached下載:http://www.danga.com/memcached/
memcached_functions_mysql下載:http://download.tangent.org/
二,mysql的安裝
mysql的安裝方式有很多,你可以用系統的軟件管理包來安裝,不同的linux版本,軟件管理工具是不一樣的。
redhat,centos 有yum,ubuntu 有apt-get ,arch有pacman等。用系統自帶的管理工具安裝比較簡單。如果是自己下載怎麼安裝的呢,mysql的官方網站提供了三種mysql的安裝源碼,一種是.rpm的,一種是二進制的,一種是要自己編譯的。
1,用rpm來按裝
- rpm -i MySQL-server-VERSION.i386.rpm
- rpm -i MySQL-client-VERSION.i386.rpm
2,二進制包進行安裝
二進制包安裝有一個缺點,就是要安裝到什麼地方,都是死的。安裝過程中有問題的,查看一下是不是裝了glibc,以及版本是不是太低了。
- groupadd mysql
- useradd -g mysql mysql
- tar zxvf /path/to/mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.gz -C /usr/local
- cd /usr/local
- mv mysql-VERSION-OS ./mysql
- cd /usr/local/mysql
- scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
- chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
- bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
3,源碼自己編譯
- groupadd mysql
- useradd -g mysql mysql
- tar zxvf /path/to/mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.gz
- cd /mysql-VERSION-OS
- ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql //路徑可自定義
- make && make install
- cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
- cd /usr/local/mysql
- bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
- chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
- bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
安裝遇難問題:安裝mysql至少要5.1版本以上的,服務器端,還是客戶端都要,裝完memcached_functions_mysql後,調用libmemcached模塊時會報錯的。
[root@BlackGhost sql]#
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql <install_functions.sql
ERROR 1126 (HY000) at line 1: Can't open shared library 'libmemcached_functions_mysql.so' (errno: 22 /usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql/plugin/libmemcached_functions_mysql.so: undefined symbol: memcached_string_append)
上面是用mysqld_safe來啓動mysql的,也可以用mysql.server來啓動,它在/usr/local/mysql/share/mysql 下面,你也可以把mysql.server考到開機啓動的目錄下面,並且重命名爲mysqld
[root@BlackGhost mysql]# ./mysql.server stop
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
[root@BlackGhost mysql]# ./mysql.server start
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
二,關於libevent和memcached的安裝
1.deb
Debian 系直接 $ sudo apt-get install memcached 都搞定,不然還需要分別安裝libevent與memcached
2.源碼安裝
wget http://www.monkey.org/~provos/libevent-1.2.tar.gz #下載libevent
1
.查看是否已經安裝了libevent,一般情況下,裝系統的時候libevent就會裝進去的。
ls -al /usr/lib | grep libevent
[root@BlackGhost etc]# ls -al /usr/lib | grep libevent
lrwxrwxrwx 1 mysql mysql 21 Mar 25 2009 libevent-1.2.so.1 -> libevent-1.2.so.1.0.3
-rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql mysql 208300 Mar 25 2009 libevent-1.2.so.1.0.3
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 268992 Mar 25 2009 libevent.a
-rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql mysql 820 Mar 25 2009 libevent.la
lrwxrwxrwx 1 mysql mysql 21 Mar 25 2009 libevent.so -> libevent-1.2.so.1.0.3
如果顯示上面內容說明你已安裝了,就可以跳過第二步。
2 . 先安裝libevent:
第一種方法
tar zxvf libevent-1.2.tar.gz
cd libevent-1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr
make
make install
第二種方法
用系統自命的軟件管理工具,archlinux用pacman,centos用yum ,大便用apt-get等
[root@BlackGhost etc]# pacman -Ss libevent
core/libevent 1.4.11-1
An event notification library
安裝完後在進行第一步,進行測試
3
.
安裝memcached服務器端:
tar zxvf memcached-1.2.0.tar.gz
cd memcached-1.2.0
./configure --with-libevent=/usr
--prefix=/usr/local/memcahced
make
make install
如果有錯,請確認一下,local下面有memcahced這個文件夾,以及libevent的安裝路徑是否正確
4 .啓動memcached服務
/usr/local/bin/memcached -d -m 20 -u zhangy -p 11211 -P ./memcached.pid
-d #作爲守護進程運行
-m#分配20M的內存
-u #用戶是zhangy
-p #監聽端口是12000
-P#進程PID存放的位置
[zhangy@BlackGhost ~]$ ps -e|grep memcache
17904 ? 00:00:00 memcached
到此memcached的服務器端已經安裝。
三,libmemcached的安裝
$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libmemcached34 --with-memcached=/usr/bin/memcached
$ sudo make
注意路徑不要錯了。install_functions.sql定義了一些memcache的操作函數:如下到這兒安裝基本上結束,下面我們來測試一下
1.當時我下載的是libmemcached-0.42.tar.gz,安裝memcached_functions_mysql過程中遇到這樣一個問題
servers.c:263:28: error: 'memcached_st' has no member named 'hosts'
servers.c:264:28: error: 'memcached_st' has no member named 'hosts'
後來我在網上查一下,libmemcached-0.34沒有這個問題
2. libmemcached-0.37會 遇到 ERROR 1126 (HY000) at line 38: Can't open shared library 'libmemcached_functions_mysql.so' (errno: 0 /usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin/libmemcached_functions_mysql.so: undefined symbol: memcached_string_append)
所以推薦安裝 ibmemcached-0.34。
3.在安裝libmemcached的時候,如果不是默認安裝,需要指定memcached安裝路徑。
四,安裝memcached_functions_mysql
- tar xzf memcached_functions_mysql-0.9.tar.gz
- cd memcached_functions_mysql-0.9
- ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/memcache_mysql --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-libmemcached=/usr/local/libmemcached37
- make && make install
- cp /usr/local/memcache_mysql/lib/libmemcached_functions* /usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql/plugin
別忘了加上--with-libmemcached=/usr/local/libmemcached34 不然會報以下錯誤
checking for mysql_config... /usr/bin/mysql_config
checking for libmemcached >= 0.17... configure: error: libmemcached not found
如果是mysql 5.5 mysql插件的目錄是/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin
創建mysql的memcache操作函數
$ mysql < sql/install_functions.sql
mysql如果不是默認安裝,需要指定路徑。
也可以在mysql管理裏面運行install_functions.sql的sql腳本。
mysql> source sql/install_functions.sql
mysql> select * from mysql.func;
+------------------------------+-----+---------------------------------+----------+
| name | ret | dl | type |
+------------------------------+-----+---------------------------------+----------+
| memc_add | 2 | libmemcached_functions_mysql.so | function |
| memc_add_by_key | 2 | libmemcached_functions_mysql.so | function |
| memc_servers_set | 2 | libmemcached_functions_mysql.so | function |
32 rows in set (0.00 sec)
添加trigger ,就是向memcache內insert,update,deletel等,參照:
1)memcached_functions_mysql-0.9/sql 目錄下的trigger_fun.sql
2)或者文檔:http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/ha-memcached-interfaces-mysqludf.html如果懶得看就看我後邊的例子
五,測試
例子1:
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| memc_servers_behavior_set('MEMCACHED_BEHAVIOR_NO_BLOCK','1') |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| 0 |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select memc_servers_behavior_set('MEMCACHED_BEHAVIOR_TCP_NODELAY','1');
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| memc_servers_behavior_set('MEMCACHED_BEHAVIOR_TCP_NODELAY','1') |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| 0 |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
數據繼續插入到mysql中,報錯提示,如果不設置此值,如果memcached失敗,mysql需要等到timeout
纔可以插入到表中。
+----------------------------+
| memc_get('2') |
+----------------------------+
| xxd79 |
+----------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
+----------------------------+
| memc_get('1') |
+----------------------------+
| xxd_new |
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
+----------------------------+
| memc_get('1') |
+----------------------------+
| NULL |
+----------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- //創建一個測試有
- drop table if exists urls;
- create table urls (
- id int(3) not null,
- url varchar(64) not null default '' ,
- primary key (id)
- );
- //連接memcched,根啓動memcahed的端口要一樣
- select memc_servers_set('127.0.0.1:12000,127.0.0.1:13000' );
- //設置一個開始序列
- select memc_set('urls:sequence' , 0);
- //創建插入memcached觸發器
- DELIMITER |
- DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS url_mem_insert |
- CREATE TRIGGER url_mem_insert
- BEFORE INSERT ON urls
- FOR EACH ROW BEGIN
- SET NEW.id= memc_increment('urls:sequence' );
- SET @mm= memc_set(concat('urls:' ,NEW.id), NEW.url);
- END |
- //創建更新memcached觸發器
- DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS url_mem_update |
- CREATE TRIGGER url_mem_update
- BEFORE UPDATE ON urls
- FOR EACH ROW BEGIN
- SET @mm= memc_replace(concat('urls:' ,OLD.id), NEW.url);
- END |
- //創建刪除memcached觸發器
- DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS url_mem_delete |
- CREATE TRIGGER url_mem_delete
- BEFORE DELETE ON urls
- FOR EACH ROW BEGIN
- SET @mm= memc_delete(concat('urls:' ,OLD.id));
- END |
- DELIMITER ; //寫觸發器的時候,我們會用;mysql執行分割符也是;所以我們在寫觸發器或者是存儲過程的時候都會改變一下,例如:DELIMITER |
- //插入一些測試數據
- insert into urls (url) values ('http://google.com' );
- insert into urls (url) values ('http://baidu.com/' );
- insert into urls (url) values ('http://www.51yip.com/' );
- insert into urls (url) values ('http://blog.51yip.com/' );
- insert into urls (url) values ('http://51yip.com' );
- insert into urls (url) values ('http://mysql.com' );
- select * from urls;
- //將插入的6條數據顯示出來,下面的顯示和刪除也是一樣的不多說了。
- select memc_get('urls:1' );
- select memc_get('urls:2' );
- select memc_get('urls:3' );
- select memc_get('urls:4' );
- select memc_get('urls:5' );
- select memc_get('urls:6' );
- update urls set url= 'http://mysql.com/sun' where url = 'http://51yip.com' ;
- select url from urls where url = 'http://51yip.com/manual' ;
- select memc_get('urls:6' );
- delete from urls where url = 'http://blog.51yip.com/' ;
- select * from urls where url='http://blog.51yip.com/' ;
- select memc_get('urls:4' );
我以前寫過一篇:關於memcache的key的管理,徘徊中 (http://blog.51yip.com/php/729.html)裏面提到對單表進行緩存 ,可以完全配合這篇文章所說的東西。如果有多表聯合查詢的話,在用觸器就比較麻煩了,還不如放到程序裏去執行
引用原文地址:
1.http://blog.51yip.com/cache/76.html
2.http://archive.cnblogs.com/a/2022594/