非對稱加密算法RSA

文章轉載於：  http://snowolf.iteye.com/blog/381767

RSA ：

 出現於1978年 用於數據加密、數據簽名

流程：

1. 甲方構建密鑰對兒，將公鑰公佈給乙方，將私鑰保留。
2. 甲方使用私鑰加密數據，然後用私鑰對加密後的數據簽名，發送給乙方簽名以及加密後的數據；乙方使用公鑰、簽名來驗證待解密數據是否有效，如果有效使用公鑰對數據解密。
3. 乙方使用公鑰加密數據，向甲方發送經過加密後的數據；甲方獲得加密數據，通過私鑰解密。

示例代碼：

         Coder.java 、 RSACoder.java 、 RSACoderTest.java 

 Coder.java

import sun.misc.BASE64Decoder;
import sun.misc.BASE64Encoder;

public class Coder {
	
	/**
	 * BASE64解密
	 * 
	 * @param key
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static byte[] decryptBASE64(String key) throws Exception {
		return (new BASE64Decoder()).decodeBuffer(key);
	}

	/**
	 * BASE64加密
	 * 
	 * @param key
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static String encryptBASE64(byte[] key) throws Exception {
		return (new BASE64Encoder()).encodeBuffer(key);
	}
}

 RSACoder.java 

import java.security.Key;
import java.security.KeyFactory;
import java.security.KeyPair;
import java.security.KeyPairGenerator;
import java.security.PrivateKey;
import java.security.PublicKey;
import java.security.Signature;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPublicKey;
import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import javax.crypto.Cipher;


public abstract class RSACoder extends Coder {
	public static final String KEY_ALGORITHM = "RSA";
	public static final String SIGNATURE_ALGORITHM = "MD5withRSA";

	private static final String PUBLIC_KEY = "RSAPublicKey";
	private static final String PRIVATE_KEY = "RSAPrivateKey";

	/**
	 * 用私鑰對信息生成數字簽名
	 * 
	 * @param data
	 *            加密數據
	 * @param privateKey
	 *            私鑰
	 * 
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static String sign(byte[] data, String privateKey) throws Exception {
		// 解密由base64編碼的私鑰
		byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(privateKey);
		

		// 構造PKCS8EncodedKeySpec對象
		PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);

		// KEY_ALGORITHM 指定的加密算法
		KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);

		// 取私鑰匙對象
		PrivateKey priKey = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec);

		// 用私鑰對信息生成數字簽名
		Signature signature = Signature.getInstance(SIGNATURE_ALGORITHM);
		signature.initSign(priKey);
		signature.update(data);

		return encryptBASE64(signature.sign());
	}

	/**
	 * 校驗數字簽名
	 * 
	 * @param data
	 *            加密數據
	 * @param publicKey
	 *            公鑰
	 * @param sign
	 *            數字簽名
	 * 
	 * @return 校驗成功返回true 失敗返回false
	 * @throws Exception
	 * 
	 */
	public static boolean verify(byte[] data, String publicKey, String sign)
			throws Exception {

		// 解密由base64編碼的公鑰
		byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(publicKey);

		// 構造X509EncodedKeySpec對象
		X509EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);

		// KEY_ALGORITHM 指定的加密算法
		KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);

		// 取公鑰匙對象
		PublicKey pubKey = keyFactory.generatePublic(keySpec);

		Signature signature = Signature.getInstance(SIGNATURE_ALGORITHM);
		signature.initVerify(pubKey);
		signature.update(data);

		// 驗證簽名是否正常
		return signature.verify(decryptBASE64(sign));
	}

	/**
	 * 解密<br>
	 * 用私鑰解密
	 * 
	 * @param data
	 * @param key
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static byte[] decryptByPrivateKey(byte[] data, String key)
			throws Exception {
		// 對密鑰解密
		byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(key);

		// 取得私鑰
		PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
		KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
		Key privateKey = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec);

		// 對數據解密
		Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());
		cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey);

		return cipher.doFinal(data);
	}

	/**
	 * 解密<br>
	 * 用公鑰解密
	 * 
	 * @param data
	 * @param key
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static byte[] decryptByPublicKey(byte[] data, String key)
			throws Exception {
		// 對密鑰解密
		byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(key);

		// 取得公鑰
		X509EncodedKeySpec x509KeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
		KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
		Key publicKey = keyFactory.generatePublic(x509KeySpec);

		// 對數據解密
		Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());
		cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, publicKey);

		return cipher.doFinal(data);
	}

	/**
	 * 加密<br>
	 * 用公鑰加密
	 * 
	 * @param data
	 * @param key
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static byte[] encryptByPublicKey(byte[] data, String key)
			throws Exception {
		// 對公鑰解密
		byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(key);

		// 取得公鑰
		X509EncodedKeySpec x509KeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
		KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
		Key publicKey = keyFactory.generatePublic(x509KeySpec);

		// 對數據加密
		Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());
		cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicKey);

		return cipher.doFinal(data);
	}

	/**
	 * 加密<br>
	 * 用私鑰加密
	 * 
	 * @param data
	 * @param key
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static byte[] encryptByPrivateKey(byte[] data, String key)
			throws Exception {
		// 對密鑰解密
		byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(key);

		// 取得私鑰
		PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
		KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
		Key privateKey = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec);

		// 對數據加密
		Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());
		cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, privateKey);

		return cipher.doFinal(data);
	}

	/**
	 * 取得私鑰
	 * 
	 * @param keyMap
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static String getPrivateKey(Map<String, Object> keyMap)
			throws Exception {
		Key key = (Key) keyMap.get(PRIVATE_KEY);

		return encryptBASE64(key.getEncoded());
	}

	/**
	 * 取得公鑰
	 * 
	 * @param keyMap
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static String getPublicKey(Map<String, Object> keyMap)
			throws Exception {
		Key key = (Key) keyMap.get(PUBLIC_KEY);

		return encryptBASE64(key.getEncoded());
	}

	/**
	 * 初始化密鑰
	 * 
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static Map<String, Object> initKey() throws Exception {
		KeyPairGenerator keyPairGen = KeyPairGenerator
				.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
		keyPairGen.initialize(1024);

		KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGen.generateKeyPair();

		// 公鑰
		RSAPublicKey publicKey = (RSAPublicKey) keyPair.getPublic();

		// 私鑰
		RSAPrivateKey privateKey = (RSAPrivateKey) keyPair.getPrivate();

		Map<String, Object> keyMap = new HashMap<String, Object>(2);

		keyMap.put(PUBLIC_KEY, publicKey);
		keyMap.put(PRIVATE_KEY, privateKey);
		return keyMap;
	}
}

 RSACoderTest.java 

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.util.Map;

public class RSACoderTest {
	private String publicKey;
	private String privateKey;

	@Before
	public void setUp() throws Exception {
		Map<String, Object> keyMap = RSACoder.initKey();

		publicKey = RSACoder.getPublicKey(keyMap);
		privateKey = RSACoder.getPrivateKey(keyMap);
		System.err.println("公鑰: \n\r" + publicKey);
		System.err.println("私鑰： \n\r" + privateKey);
	}

	@Test
	public void test() throws Exception {
		System.err.println("公鑰加密——私鑰解密");
		String inputStr = "abc";
		byte[] data = inputStr.getBytes();

		byte[] encodedData = RSACoder.encryptByPublicKey(data, publicKey);

		byte[] decodedData = RSACoder.decryptByPrivateKey(encodedData,
				privateKey);

		String outputStr = new String(decodedData);
		System.err.println("加密前: " + inputStr + "\n\r" + "解密後: " + outputStr);
		assertEquals(inputStr, outputStr);

	}

	@Test
	public void testSign() throws Exception {
		System.err.println("私鑰加密——公鑰解密");
		String inputStr = "sign";
		byte[] data = inputStr.getBytes();

		byte[] encodedData = RSACoder.encryptByPrivateKey(data, privateKey);

		byte[] decodedData = RSACoder
				.decryptByPublicKey(encodedData, publicKey);

		String outputStr = new String(decodedData);
		System.err.println("加密前: " + inputStr + "\n\r" + "解密後: " + outputStr);
		assertEquals(inputStr, outputStr);

		System.err.println("私鑰簽名——公鑰驗證簽名");
		// 產生簽名
		String sign = RSACoder.sign(encodedData, privateKey);
		System.err.println("簽名:\r" + sign);

		// 驗證簽名
		boolean status = RSACoder.verify(encodedData, publicKey, sign);
		System.err.println("狀態:\r" + status);
		assertTrue(status);

	}

}