進入ISQL sqlplus 1.常規登陸 sqlplus SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production on 星期三 9月 17 09:57:02 2003 Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
2.快捷登陸 sqlplus username/passwd username 登陸用戶名 passwd 登陸用戶密碼 SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production on 星期三 9月 17 09:59:18 2003 Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production With the Partitioning, OLAP and Oracle Data Mining options JServer Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production 建立/修改Table 建立/更改Table 1.寫好create table 的sql再執行
vi dpe_file.sch /* ========================================================= 檔案代號:dpe_file 檔案名稱:體檢項目代號資料檔 ==========.===================.=========================== */ create table dpe_file ( dpe01 varchar2(6), /*體檢項目代號 */ dpe02 varchar2(30), /*說明 */ dpe03 varchar2(01), /*No use */ dpeacti varchar2(01), /*資料有效碼 */ dpeuser varchar2(10), /*資料所有者 */ dpegrup varchar2(06), /*資料所有部門 */ dpemodu varchar2(10), /*資料修改者 */ dpedate date /*最近修改日 */ ); create unique index dpe_01 on dpe_file (dpe01); 建立/更改Table 2.在 unix 環境下 sqlplus ds/ds < dpe_file.sch 即可create table 了
</u1/topo/apy/sql> sqlplus ds/ds < dpe_file.sch SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production on 星期三 9月 17 10:37:23 2003 Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production With the Partitioning, OLAP and Oracle Data Mining options JServer Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production DOC>============================================================ DOC>檔案代號:dpe_file DOC>檔案名稱:體檢項目代號資料檔 DOC>==========.===================.============================== DOC>*/ Table created. Index created. SQL>
建立/更改Table 建立/更改Table SQL> desc dpe_file; Name Null? Type ----------------------------------------- -------- ---------------------------- DPE01 VARCHAR2(6) DPE02 VARCHAR2(30) DPE03 VARCHAR2(1) DPEACTI VARCHAR2(1) DPEUSER VARCHAR2(10) DPEGRUP VARCHAR2(6) DPEMODU VARCHAR2(10) DPEDATE DATE SQL> 建立/修改Table 修改table 1.寫成sql 更改 SQL> ed alter_dpe.sch alter table dpe_file modify (dpe01 varchar2(10)); /*修改dpe01*/ alter table dpe_file add (dpe00 varchar2(10)); /*增加dep00*/ alter table dpe_file drop (dpe03); /*刪除dpe03*/ drop index dpe_01; /*刪除索引*/ SQL> @alter_dpe.sch Table altered. Table altered. Table altered. Index dropped. 建立/修改Table 2.進入sqlplus 更改 SQL> alter table dpe_file modify (dpe01 varchar2(10)); Table altered. SQL> alter table dpe_file add (dpe00 varchar2(10)); Table altered. SQL> alter table dpe_file drop (dpe03); Table altered. SQL> drop index dpe_01; Index dropped. SQL> 建立/修改Table SQL> desc dpe_file; Name Null? Type ----------------------------------------- -------- ---------------------------- DPE01 VARCHAR2(10) DPE02 VARCHAR2(30) DPEACTI VARCHAR2(1) DPEUSER VARCHAR2(10) DPEGRUP VARCHAR2(6) DPEMODU VARCHAR2(10) DPEDATE DATE DPE00 VARCHAR2(10)
INSERT 指令介紹 INSERT INTO table_name[(column-list)] VALUES(value-list) 範例: 1. INSERT INTO dpe_file VALUES('A00003','test','','Y','carrier','1400','','03/09/17‘) 2. INSERT INTO cus_file(cus01,cus02) VALUES(‘C00002’, ‘ test01’);
UPDATE 指令介紹 Syntax UPDATE table_name SET col=expr,col=expr [WHERE clause ] 範列說明: 1.UPDATE dpe_file SET dpe02=‘test02’ WHERE dpe01 LIKE ‘A%1’ 2. UPDATE dpe_file SET dpe02='test02', dpeacti='N‘ WHERE dpe01 like 'A%1' 3. UPDATE dpe_file SET dpeuser='michael‘, dpegrup='2100‘ WHERE (dpe01 = 'A00002' or dpe01 like 'C_000_');
DELETE 指令介紹 Syntax: DELETE FROM table_name [WHERE clause] 範例說明: 1.DELETE FROM dpe_file [注意]:沒有where 條件會將所有資料刪除 且無法將資料還原 2.DELETE FROM dpe_file WHERE dpe01 LIKE ‘C%’ SELECT指令介紹 Syntax: SELECT column,group_function(column) FROM table_name [WHERE condition] [GROUP BY group_by_expression] [HAVING group_condition] [ORDER BY column] 範例說明: 1.SELECT * FROM cus_file order by cus01 ASC 2.SELECT cus01,cus02 FROM cus_file order by cus01 DESC,cus02 3.SELECT last_name,salary,12*salary+100 FROM employee 4.SELECT last_name As name,commission comm FROM employee 5.SELECT last_name||job_id as “Employee Info” FROM employee 6.SELECT last_name || ‘ is a ’||job_id as “Employee Detail” FROM employee 7.SELECT distinct dpe02 FROM dpe_file 8. SELECT last_name,age FROM employee WHERE age<=45 SELECT指令介紹 範例說明: 9.SELECT * FROM employee WHERE age between 20 and 65 SELECT * FROM dpe_file WHERE dpe02 is null and (dpeacti=‘Y’ or dpeuser like ‘carr%’) 10.SELECT employee_id,UPPER(last_name) FROM employee WHERE INITCAP(last_name) = ‘Higgins’ SELECT employee_id,CONCAT(first_name,last_name) NAME , job_id,LENGTH(last_name), INSTR(last-name,’a’) “Contain ‘a’?” FROM employee WHERE SUBSTR(job_id,4)=“REP” SELECT last_name,salary,MOD(salary,5000) FROM employee WHERE job_id=‘SA_REP’ Join table 範例: 11.SELECT oea01,oeb02,oeb04,oeb12 FROM oea_file,oeb_file WHERE oea01=oeb01 12.SELECT e.employee_id,e.last_name,e.department_id,d.department_id, d.location_id FROM employee e ,department d WHERE e.department_id=d.department_id SELECT指令介紹 範例說明: 13. SELECT e.last_name,e.department_id,d.department_name FROM employee e ,department d WHERE e.department_id(+)=d.department_id SELECT e.last_name,e.department_id,d.department_name FROM employee e ,department d WHERE e.department_id=d.department_id(+) 14.INSERT INTO cus1_file SELECT * FROM cus_file 15.INSERT INTO cua_file(cua01,cua02) SELECT cus01,cus02 FROM cus_file WHERE cus01 MATCHES ‘C*’ 16.SELECT COUNT(*) FROM oea_file WHERE oea02 BETWEEN ’01/01/01’ AND ’01/12/31’ 17.SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT oea03) FROM oea_file WHERE oea02 BETWEEN ’01/01/01’ AND ’01/12/31’ 18.SELECT MAX(oea02),MIN(oea02) FROM oea_file WHERE oea02 BETWEEN ’01/01/01’ AND ’01/12/31’
SELECT指令介紹 範例說明: 19. SELECT AVG(oeb12) FROM oea_file,oeb_file WHERE oea02 BETWEEN '010101' AND '011231' AND oea01=oeb01 AND oeb04='11-03-SDD16‘ and oeb12<>0
20.SELECT * FROM oea_file WHERE oea02 = (SELECT MAX(oea02) FROM oea_file WHERE oea02 > = ’01/01/01’) 21.SELECT department_id,AVG(salary) FROM employee GROUP BY department_id
22.SELECT department_id,MAX(salary) FROM employee GROUP BY department_id HAVING MAX(salary)>10000
SELECT指令介紹----where 比較符號 ‘=’ ‘ >’ ‘ >= ’ ‘< ’ ‘<=’ ‘<>’ 其它比較符號 BETWEEN .. AND .. WHERE age between 20 and 30 IN (..) WHERE age in (20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30) LIKE WHERE dpe01 like ‘A_0%’ IS NULL WHERE age is null SELECT指令介紹----where 邏輯符號 ‘AND’ ‘OR’ ‘NOT’ where dpe01=‘A00001’ AND dpe02=‘test01’ where dpe01=‘A00001’ OR dpe01=‘C00001’ where age not in (20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30)
Group Function AVG COUNT MAX MIN STDDEV SUM
Oracle Function---1 FUNCTION---2 Number Function ROUND round(45.926,2) 45.93 TRUNC trunc(45.926,2) 45.92 MOD mod(1600,300) 100 LOAD/UNLOAD指令介紹 因爲oracle沒有提供類似INFORMIX的load,unload語句，所以在tiptop環境下有一些工具 1.使用load shell,load shell會去呼叫$TOP/ora/load.42m 程序 使用方式 Usage: load database tablename txtfile Ex : load ds ze_file ze_file.txt 2.使用loaddb shell,loaddb shell會去呼叫external tools SQL*Loader 使用方式 Usage: /u1/topo/ora/bin/loaddb dbname [tablename] [txtfile] Ex1 : /u1/topo/ora/bin/loaddb ds1 Ex2 : /u1/topo/ora/bin/loaddb ds1 ima_file [ima_file.txt] Ex3 : /u1/topo/ora/bin/loaddb ds1 i%_file 3.直接使用Oracle提供的SQL*Loader,但必須自己編輯control file, 用法 sqlldr ds/ds control=azb_file.ctl log=azb_file.log LOAD/UNLOAD指令介紹
control file格式如下 load data infile '/u1/tiptopo/azb_file.txt ' append into table azb_file fields terminated by '^A' ( azb01, azb02, azb06, azbacti, azbuser, azbgrup, azbmodu, azbdate ) 4.另外可以在BDL程序中使用channel的方式來產生SQL*Loader 所需用的control file, 再透過RUN command的作法來激活SQL*Loader,channel的寫法可參考BDL文件
Sqlplus 一些命令介紹 Help index 查詢相關命令 @ 運行.sql的文件 Ed 類似於vi Get 將一句sql語句放入sql 緩衝器 R –run / 重複上一個在memory中的command Desc 顯示錶結構 Spool 記錄執行過程 Start get+r Save 將memory中的命令保存在一個文件中 Set 設置一些oracle設定
Sqlplus 一些命令介紹 示範 help accept 找尋accept的幫助信息 @c_dpe.sql 執行c_dpe.sql中的內容 ed c_dpe.sql 編輯一個文件c_dpe.sql get c_dpe.sql 將該文件的內容放入memoery 中 r 執行memory中的命令 / 同r desc dpe_file 查看dpe_file的表結構 spool file.lst 將在這期間執行的命令及結果放入file.lst 文件 sqlplus 命令 spool off Start c_dpe.sql 執行start後面文件中的內容 save t1.sql set wrap on 設置可以折行顯示 Set heading off