JAVA操作XML的完整例子(查詢、增加、修改、刪除)

這是一個用JAVA W3C DOM 進行XML操作的例子，包含了查詢、增加、修改、刪除、保存的基本操作。較完整的描述了一個XML的整個操作流程。適合剛入門JAVA XML操作的朋友參考和學習。

假設有XML文件：test1.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="GBK"?>
<books>
<book>
<name>哈里波特</name>
<price>10</price>
<memo>這是一本很好看的書。</memo>
</book>
<book id="B02">
<name>三國演義</name>
<price>10</price>
<memo>四大名著之一。</memo>
</book>
<book id="B03">
<name>水滸</name>
<price>6</price>
<memo>四大名著之一。</memo>
</book>
<book id="B04">
<name>紅樓</name>
<price>5</price>
<memo>四大名著之一。</memo>
</book>
</books>

下面是爲Test.java

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

import org.w3c.dom.*;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;

import javax.xml.parsers.*;
import javax.xml.transform.*;
import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.*;
import javax.xml.xpath.*;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        DocumentBuilderFactory factory=DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
        Element theBook=null, theElem=null, root=null;
        try {
            factory.setIgnoringElementContentWhitespace(true);
           
            DocumentBuilder db=factory.newDocumentBuilder();
            Document xmldoc=db.parse(new File("Test1.xml"));
            root=xmldoc.getDocumentElement();
           
            //--- 新建一本書開始 ----
            theBook=xmldoc.createElement("book");
            theElem=xmldoc.createElement("name");
            theElem.setTextContent("新書");
            theBook.appendChild(theElem);
           
            theElem=xmldoc.createElement("price");
            theElem.setTextContent("20");
            theBook.appendChild(theElem);

            theElem=xmldoc.createElement("memo");
            theElem.setTextContent("新書的更好看。");
            theBook.appendChild(theElem);
            root.appendChild(theBook);
            System.out.println("--- 新建一本書開始 ----");
            output(xmldoc);
            //--- 新建一本書完成 ----

            //--- 下面對《哈里波特》做一些修改。 ----
            //--- 查詢找《哈里波特》----
            theBook=(Element) selectSingleNode("/books/book[name='哈里波特']", root);
            System.out.println("--- 查詢找《哈里波特》 ----");
            output(theBook);
            //--- 此時修改這本書的價格 -----
            theBook.getElementsByTagName("price").item(0).setTextContent("15");//getElementsByTagName 返回的是NodeList，所以要跟上item(0)。另外，getElementsByTagName("price")相當於xpath 的".//price"。
            System.out.println("--- 此時修改這本書的價格 ----");
            output(theBook);
            //--- 另外還想加一個屬性id，值爲B01 ----
            theBook.setAttribute("id", "B01");
            System.out.println("--- 另外還想加一個屬性id，值爲B01 ----");
            output(theBook);
            //--- 對《哈里波特》修改完成。 ----

            //--- 要用id屬性刪除《三國演義》這本書 ----
            theBook=(Element) selectSingleNode("/books/book[@id='B02']", root);
            System.out.println("--- 要用id屬性刪除《三國演義》這本書 ----");
            output(theBook);
            theBook.getParentNode().removeChild(theBook);
            System.out.println("--- 刪除後的ＸＭＬ ----");
            output(xmldoc);

            //--- 再將所有價格低於10的書刪除 ----
            NodeList someBooks=selectNodes("/books/book[price<10]", root);
            System.out.println("--- 再將所有價格低於10的書刪除 ---");
            System.out.println("--- 符合條件的書有　"+someBooks.getLength()+"本。 ---");
            for(int i=0;i<someBooks.getLength();i++) {
                someBooks.item(i).getParentNode().removeChild(someBooks.item(i));
            }
            output(xmldoc);

            saveXml("Test1_Edited.xml", xmldoc);
        } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (SAXException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static void output(Node node) {//將node的XML字符串輸出到控制檯
        TransformerFactory transFactory=TransformerFactory.newInstance();
        try {
            Transformer transformer = transFactory.newTransformer();
            transformer.setOutputProperty("encoding", "gb2312");
            transformer.setOutputProperty("indent", "yes");

            DOMSource source=new DOMSource();
            source.setNode(node);
            StreamResult result=new StreamResult();
            result.setOutputStream(System.out);
           
            transformer.transform(source, result);
        } catch (TransformerConfigurationException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (TransformerException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }  
    }
   
    public static Node selectSingleNode(String express, Object source) {//查找節點，並返回第一個符合條件節點
        Node result=null;
        XPathFactory xpathFactory=XPathFactory.newInstance();
        XPath xpath=xpathFactory.newXPath();
        try {
            result=(Node) xpath.evaluate(express, source, XPathConstants.NODE);
        } catch (XPathExpressionException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
       
        return result;
    }
   
    public static NodeList selectNodes(String express, Object source) {//查找節點，返回符合條件的節點集。
        NodeList result=null;
        XPathFactory xpathFactory=XPathFactory.newInstance();
        XPath xpath=xpathFactory.newXPath();
        try {
            result=(NodeList) xpath.evaluate(express, source, XPathConstants.NODESET);
        } catch (XPathExpressionException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
       
        return result;
    }
   
    public static void saveXml(String fileName, Document doc) {//將Document輸出到文件
        TransformerFactory transFactory=TransformerFactory.newInstance();
        try {
            Transformer transformer = transFactory.newTransformer();
            transformer.setOutputProperty("indent", "yes");

            DOMSource source=new DOMSource();
            source.setNode(doc);
            StreamResult result=new StreamResult();
            result.setOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(fileName));
           
            transformer.transform(source, result);
        } catch (TransformerConfigurationException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (TransformerException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }  
    }
}