Centos7 設置ssh祕鑰登錄

1、使用密碼登錄到需要使用祕鑰登錄的賬戶，然後在服務器創建祕鑰

[root@ecs-326c-0001 ~]# cd .ssh/
[root@ecs-326c-0001 .ssh]# ll -a
total 8
drwx------  2 root root 4096 Jul  9 11:35 .
dr-xr-x---. 7 root root 4096 Mar 21 11:21 ..
-rw-------  1 root root    0 Jul  9 11:35 authorized_keys
[root@ecs-326c-0001 .ssh]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): 
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
b4:cf:d7:a9:91:fa:ec:c2:2e:ce:71:1e:b2:0a:c6:6f root@ecs-326c-0001
The key's randomart image is:
+--[ RSA 2048]----+
|                 |
|                 |
|        .        |
|       . .       |
|        S        |
|   .     o   o . |
|    +   o.= + o  |
|   . oE..*o= o   |
|     .oo+o++=    |
+-----------------+

2、在服務器上安裝公鑰

[root@ecs-326c-0001 .ssh]# cat id_rsa.pub >> authorized_keys

3、爲了確保連接成功，需要設置文件權限

[root@ecs-326c-0001 .ssh]# chmod 600 authorized_keys 
[root@ecs-326c-0001 .ssh]# chmod 700 ~/.ssh

4、設置ssh，打開祕鑰登錄功能

[root@ecs-326c-0001 .ssh]# vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config

去掉註釋#

RSAAuthentication yes
PubkeyAuthentication yes

5、重啓ssh服務

[root@ecs-326c-0001 ~]# systemctl restart sshd

6、拷貝私鑰到PC端，使用軟件導入祕鑰，然後測試登錄

7、祕鑰測試登錄成功之後，可以禁用使用密碼登錄，提高服務器的安全性

[root@ecs-326c-0001 .ssh]# vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config

修改爲no

PasswordAuthentication no