知乎賬號登錄+驗證碼

#! /user/bin/env python
#encoding=utf-8
__author__ = 'chw'
import re
# from urllib import parse, request
import cookielib
import urllib2,urllib
from PIL import Image
import time
import json

# 建立LWPCookieJar實例，可以存Set-Cookie3類型的文件。
# 而MozillaCookieJar類是存爲'/.txt'格式的文件
cookie = cookielib.MozillaCookieJar('cookie.txt')
# 若本地有cookie則不用再post數據了
try:
    cookie.load(ignore_discard=True)
except IOError:
    print('Cookie未加載！')

headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 '
                         '(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/57.0.2987.98 Safari/537.36',
           "Host": "www.zhihu.com",
           "Referer": "https://www.zhihu.com/",
           }
opener = urllib2.build_opener(urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor(cookie))
# 給openner添加headers, addheaders方法接受元組而非字典
opener.addheaders = [(key, value) for key, value in headers.items()]


def get_xsrf():
    """
    獲取參數_xsrf
    """
    response = opener.open('https://www.zhihu.com')
    html = response.read().decode('utf-8')
    get_xsrf_pattern = re.compile(r'<input type="hidden" name="_xsrf" value="(.*?)"')
    _xsrf = re.findall(get_xsrf_pattern, html)[0]
    return _xsrf


def get_captcha():
    """
    獲取驗證碼本地顯示
    返回你輸入的驗證碼
    """
    t = str(int(time.time() * 1000))
    captcha_url = 'http://www.zhihu.com/captcha.gif?r=' + t + "&type=login"
    # 獲取驗證碼也用同一個opener
    image_data = opener.open(captcha_url).read()
    with open('cptcha.gif', 'wb') as f:
        f.write(image_data)
    im = Image.open('cptcha.gif')
    im.show()
    captcha = raw_input('本次登錄需要輸入驗證碼： ')
    return captcha


def login(username, password):
    """
    輸入自己的賬號密碼，模擬登錄知乎
    """
    # 檢測到11位數字則是手機登錄
    if re.match(r'\d{11}$', account):
        url = 'http://www.zhihu.com/login/phone_num'
        data = {'_xsrf': get_xsrf(),
                'password': password,
                'remember_me': 'true',
                'phone_num': username
                }
    else:
        url = 'https://www.zhihu.com/login/email'
        data = {'_xsrf': get_xsrf(),
                'password': password,
                'remember_me': 'true',
                'email': username
                }

    # 若不用驗證碼，直接登錄
    post_data = urllib.urlencode(data).encode('utf-8')
    r = opener.open(url, post_data)
    result = r.read().decode('utf-8')
    # 打印返回的響應，r = 1代表響應失敗，msg裏是失敗的原因
    # 要用驗證碼，post後登錄
    if (json.loads(result))["r"] == 1:
        data['captcha'] = get_captcha()
        post_data = urllib.urlencode(data).encode('utf-8')
        r = opener.open(url, post_data)
        result = r.read().decode('utf-8')
        print((json.loads(result))['msg'])
    # 保存cookie到本地
    cookie.save(ignore_discard=True, ignore_expires=True)


def isLogin():
    # 通過查看用戶個人信息來判斷是否已經登錄
    url = 'https://www.zhihu.com/settings/profile'
    # 獲得真實網址，可能重定向了
    actual_url = opener.open(url).geturl()
    if actual_url == 'https://www.zhihu.com/settings/profile':
        return True
    else:
        return False


if __name__ == '__main__':
    if isLogin():
        print('您已經登錄')
    else:
        account = raw_input('輸入賬號：')
        secret = raw_input('輸入密碼：')
        login(account, secret)

利用cook訪問其他頁面

#! /user/bin/env python
#encoding=utf-8
__author__ = 'chw'
import cookielib,urllib2
# 創建一個MozillaCookieJar對象
cookie = cookielib.MozillaCookieJar()
# 從文件中的讀取cookie內容到變量
cookie.load('cookie.txt', ignore_discard=True, ignore_expires=True)
# 打印cookie內容,證明獲取cookie成功
# for item in cookie:
#     print 'name:' + item.name + '-value:' + item.value
# 利用獲取到的cookie創建一個opener
handler = urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor(cookie)
opener = urllib2.build_opener(handler)
opener.addheaders = [
                     ('User-Agent',
                      'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 '
                         '(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/57.0.2987.98 Safari/537.36'),
                     ('Referer', 'https://www.zhihu.com/'),
                     ( "Host","www.zhihu.com")
                     ]
#創建請求的request
# req = urllib2.Request("http://my.csdn.net/")
res = opener.open('https://www.zhihu.com/people/lao-chang-58/activities')
print res.read()

參考：http://www.jianshu.com/p/3debfb110ad9
http://www.tuicool.com/articles/UJfaM3A