Oracle 之 bulk collect 的用法

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通過bulk collect減少loop處理的開銷

採用bulk collect可以將查詢結果一次性地加載到collections中。

而不是通過cursor一條一條地處理。

可以在select into,fetch into,returning into語句使用bulk collect。

注意在使用bulk collect時，所有的into變量都必須是collections.

舉幾個簡單的例子：

--在select into語句中使用bulk collect

DECLARE
   TYPE sallist IS TABLE OF emp.sal%TYPE;

   sals   sallist;
BEGIN
-- Limit the number of rows to 100.
   SELECT sal
   BULK COLLECT INTO sals
     FROM emp
    WHERE ROWNUM <= 100;
-- Retrieve 10% (approximately) of the rows in the table.
   SELECT sal BULK COLLECT INTO sals FROM emp SAMPLE 10;
END;

--在fetch into中使用bulk collect

DECLARE
   TYPE deptrectab IS TABLE OF dept%ROWTYPE;

   dept_recs   deptrectab;

   CURSOR c1
   IS
      SELECT deptno, dname, loc
        FROM dept
       WHERE deptno > 10;
BEGIN
   OPEN c1;

   FETCH c1
   BULK COLLECT INTO dept_recs;
END;

在returning into中使用bulk collect

CREATE TABLE emp2 AS SELECT * FROM employees;

DECLARE
   TYPE numlist IS TABLE OF employees.employee_id%TYPE;

   enums   numlist;

   TYPE namelist IS TABLE OF employees.last_name%TYPE;

   names   namelist;
BEGIN
   DELETE FROM emp2
         WHERE department_id = 30
     RETURNING       employee_id, last_name
   BULK COLLECT INTO enums, names;

   DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line ('Deleted ' || SQL%ROWCOUNT || ' rows:');

   FOR i IN enums.FIRST .. enums.LAST
   LOOP
      DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line ('Employee #' || enums (i) || ': ' || names (i));
   END LOOP;
END;
/

DROP TABLE emp2;

這裏有一個很好的例子

 

CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE comp_analysis
IS
   FUNCTION is_eligible (id_in IN lots_of_employees.employee_id%TYPE)
      RETURN BOOLEAN;
END comp_analysis;
/    
CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE BODY comp_analysis
IS
   FUNCTION is_eligible (id_in IN lots_of_employees.employee_id%TYPE)
      RETURN BOOLEAN
   IS
   BEGIN
      RETURN MOD (id_in, 2) = 0;
   END;
END comp_analysis;
/    
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE give_raises_in_department1 (
   dept_in IN lots_of_employees.department_id%TYPE
 , newsal IN lots_of_employees.salary%TYPE
)
IS
   CURSOR emp_cur
   IS
      SELECT employee_id, salary, hire_date
        FROM lots_of_employees
       WHERE (department_id = dept_in OR dept_IN IS NULL);

   emp_rec emp_cur%ROWTYPE;
BEGIN
   OPEN emp_cur;

   LOOP
      FETCH emp_cur
       INTO emp_rec;

      EXIT WHEN emp_cur%NOTFOUND;

      IF comp_analysis.is_eligible (emp_rec.employee_id)
      THEN
         UPDATE lots_of_employees
            SET salary = newsal
          WHERE employee_id = emp_rec.employee_id;
      ELSE
         INSERT INTO employee_history
                     (employee_id, salary
                    , hire_date, activity
                     )
              VALUES (emp_rec.employee_id, emp_rec.salary
                    , emp_rec.hire_date, 'RAISE DENIED'
                     );
      END IF;
   END LOOP;
END give_raises_in_department1;
/
SHO ERR

REM
REM Pre-10g create multiple copies of collection
REM for different purposes.
REM

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE give_raises_in_department2 (
   dept_in IN lots_of_employees.department_id%TYPE
 , newsal IN lots_of_employees.salary%TYPE
)
IS
   TYPE employee_aat IS TABLE OF lots_of_employees.employee_id%TYPE
      INDEX BY PLS_INTEGER;
   TYPE salary_aat IS TABLE OF lots_of_employees.salary%TYPE
      INDEX BY PLS_INTEGER;
   TYPE hire_date_aat IS TABLE OF lots_of_employees.hire_date%TYPE
      INDEX BY PLS_INTEGER;
      
   employee_ids employee_aat;
   salaries salary_aat;
   hire_dates hire_date_aat;

   approved_employee_ids employee_aat;
   
   denied_employee_ids employee_aat;
   denied_salaries salary_aat;
   denied_hire_dates hire_date_aat;

   PROCEDURE retrieve_employee_info
   IS
   BEGIN
      SELECT employee_id, salary, hire_date
      BULK COLLECT INTO employee_ids, salaries, hire_dates
        FROM lots_of_employees
       WHERE (department_id = dept_in OR dept_IN IS NULL);
   END;

   PROCEDURE partition_by_eligibility
   IS
   BEGIN
      FOR indx IN employee_ids.FIRST .. employee_ids.LAST
      LOOP
         IF comp_analysis.is_eligible (employees (indx))
         THEN
            approved_employee_ids (indx) := employees (indx);
         ELSE
            denied_employee_ids (indx) := employees (indx);
            denied_salaries (indx) := salaries (indx);
            denied_hire_dates (indx) := hire_dates (indx);
         END IF;
      END LOOP;
   END;

   PROCEDURE add_to_history
   IS
   BEGIN
      FORALL indx IN denied_employee_ids.FIRST .. denied_employee_ids.LAST
         INSERT INTO employee_history
                     (employee_id
                    , salary
                    , hire_date, activity
                     )
              VALUES (denied_employee_ids (indx)
                    , denied_salaries (indx)
                    , denied_hire_dates (indx), 'RAISE DENIED'
                     );
   END;

   PROCEDURE give_the_raise
   IS
   BEGIN
      FORALL indx IN approved_employee_ids.FIRST .. approved_employee_ids.LAST
         UPDATE lots_of_employees
            SET salary = newsal
          WHERE employee_id = approved_employee_ids (indx);
   END;
BEGIN
   retrieve_employee_info;
   partition_by_eligibility;
   add_to_history;
   give_the_raise;
END give_raises_in_department2;
/
SHO ERR

REM
REM 10g usage of INDICES OF
REM

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE give_raises_in_department3 (
   dept_in IN lots_of_employees.department_id%TYPE
 , newsal IN lots_of_employees.salary%TYPE
)
IS
   TYPE employee_aat IS TABLE OF lots_of_employees.employee_id%TYPE
      INDEX BY PLS_INTEGER;
   TYPE salary_aat IS TABLE OF lots_of_employees.salary%TYPE
      INDEX BY PLS_INTEGER;
   TYPE hire_date_aat IS TABLE OF lots_of_employees.hire_date%TYPE
      INDEX BY PLS_INTEGER;
      
   employee_ids employee_aat;
   salaries salary_aat;
   hire_dates hire_date_aat;

   TYPE guide_aat IS TABLE OF BOOLEAN
      INDEX BY PLS_INTEGER;

   approved_list guide_aat;
   denied_list guide_aat;

   PROCEDURE retrieve_employee_info
   IS
   BEGIN
      SELECT employee_id, salary, hire_date
      BULK COLLECT INTO employee_ids, salaries, hire_dates
        FROM lots_of_employees
       WHERE (department_id = dept_in OR dept_IN IS NULL);
   END;

   PROCEDURE partition_by_eligibility
   IS
   BEGIN
      FOR indx IN employee_ids.FIRST .. employee_ids.LAST
      LOOP
         IF comp_analysis.is_eligible (employees(indx))
         THEN
            approved_list (indx) := TRUE;
         ELSE
            denied_list (indx) := TRUE;
         END IF;
      END LOOP;
   END;

   PROCEDURE add_to_history
   IS
   BEGIN
      FORALL indx IN INDICES OF denied_list
         INSERT INTO employee_history
                     (employee_id
                    , salary
                    , hire_date, activity
                     )
              VALUES (employees (indx)
                    , salaries (indx)
                    , hire_dates (indx)
                    , 'RAISE DENIED'
                     );
   END;

   PROCEDURE give_the_raise
   IS
   BEGIN
      FORALL indx IN INDICES OF approved_list
         UPDATE lots_of_employees
            SET salary = newsal
              , hire_date = hire_dates(indx)
          WHERE employee_id = employees(indx);
   END;
BEGIN
   retrieve_employee_info;
   partition_by_eligibility;
   add_to_history;
   give_the_raise;
END give_raises_in_department3;
/
SHO ERR

REM
REM 10g usage of VALUES OF
REM

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE give_raises_in_department4 (
   dept_in IN lots_of_employees.department_id%TYPE
 , newsal IN lots_of_employees.salary%TYPE
)
IS
   TYPE employee_aat IS TABLE OF lots_of_employees.employee_id%TYPE
      INDEX BY PLS_INTEGER;
   TYPE salary_aat IS TABLE OF lots_of_employees.salary%TYPE
      INDEX BY PLS_INTEGER;
   TYPE hire_date_aat IS TABLE OF lots_of_employees.hire_date%TYPE
      INDEX BY PLS_INTEGER;
      
   employee_ids employee_aat;
   salaries salary_aat;
   hire_dates hire_date_aat;

   TYPE guide_aat IS TABLE OF PLS_INTEGER
      INDEX BY PLS_INTEGER;

   approved_list guide_aat;
   denied_list guide_aat;

   PROCEDURE retrieve_employee_info
   IS
   BEGIN
      SELECT employee_id, salary, hire_date
      BULK COLLECT INTO employee_ids, salaries, hire_dates
        FROM lots_of_employees
       WHERE (department_id = dept_in OR dept_IN IS NULL);
   END;

   PROCEDURE partition_by_eligibility
   IS
   BEGIN
      FOR indx IN employee_ids.FIRST .. employee_ids.LAST
      LOOP
         IF comp_analysis.is_eligible (employees(indx))
         THEN
            approved_list (indx) := indx;
         ELSE
            denied_list (indx) := indx;
         END IF;
      END LOOP;
   END;

   PROCEDURE add_to_history
   IS
   BEGIN
      FORALL indx IN VALUES OF denied_list
         INSERT INTO employee_history
                     (employee_id
                    , salary
                    , hire_date, activity
                     )
              VALUES (employees (indx)
                    , salaries (indx)
                    , hire_dates (indx)
                    , 'RAISE DENIED'
                     );
   END;

   PROCEDURE give_the_raise
   IS
   BEGIN
      FORALL indx IN VALUES OF approved_list
         UPDATE lots_of_employees
            SET salary = newsal
              , hire_date = hire_dates(indx)
          WHERE employee_id = employees(indx);
   END;
BEGIN
   retrieve_employee_info;
   partition_by_eligibility;
   add_to_history;
   give_the_raise;
END give_raises_in_department4;
/
SHO ERR

SET TIMING ON

BEGIN
   give_raises_in_department1 (NULL, 1000);
END;
/
BEGIN
   give_raises_in_department2 (NULL, 1000);
END;
/
BEGIN
   give_raises_in_department3 (NULL, 1000);
END;
/