目錄[-]
HBase和Hive的集成原理
Hive和Hbase有各自不同的特徵:hive是高延遲、結構化和麪向分析的,hbase是低延遲、非結構化和麪向編程的。Hive數據倉庫在hadoop上是高延遲的。Hive集成Hbase就是爲了使用hbase的一些特性。如下是hive和hbase的集成架構:
圖1 hive和hbase架構圖
Hive集成HBase可以有效利用HBase數據庫的存儲特性,如行更新和列索引等。在集成的過程中注意維持HBase jar包的一致性。Hive集成HBase需要在Hive表和HBase表之間建立映射關係,也就是Hive表的列(columns)和列類型(column types)與HBase表的列族(column families)及列限定詞(column qualifiers)建立關聯。每一個在Hive表中的域都存在於HBase中,而在Hive表中不需要包含所有HBase中的列。HBase中的RowKey對應到Hive中爲選擇一個域使用:key來對應,列族(cf:)映射到Hive中的其它所有域,列爲(cf:cq)。例如下圖2爲Hive表映射到HBase表:
圖2 Hive表映射HBase表
1.文章來源:
http://blog.csdn.net/jiedushi/article/details/7325292
http://www.cr173.com/html/24339_1.html
2.基本介紹
Hive是基於Hadoop的一個數據倉庫工具,可以將結構化的數據文件映射爲一張數據庫表,並提供完整的sql查詢功能,可以將sql語句轉換爲MapReduce任務進行運行。
其優點是學習成本低,可以通過類SQL語句快速實現簡單的MapReduce統計,不必開發專門的MapReduce應用,十分適合數據倉庫的統計分析。
Hive與HBase的整合功能的實現是利用兩者本身對外的API接口互相進行通信,相互通信主要是依靠hive_hbase-handler.jar工具類,
大致意思如圖所示:
3.軟件版本
使用的軟件版本:(沒有下載地址的百度中找就行)
jdk-6u24-linux-i586.bin
hive-0.9.0.tar.gz http://yun.baidu.com/share/link?shareid=2138315647&uk=1614030671
hbase-0.94.14.tar.gz http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache/hbase/hbase-0.94.14/
hadoop-1.1.2.tar.gz http://pan.baidu.com/s/1mgmKfsG
4.安裝位置
安裝目錄:/usr/local/ (記得解壓後重命名一下哦)
Hbase的安裝路徑爲:/usr/local/hbase
Hive的安裝路徑爲:/usr/local/hive
5.整合步驟
整合hive與hbase的過程如下:
1.在 /usr/local/hbase-0.90.4下:
hbase-0.94.14.jar,hbase-0.94.14-tests.jar
與lib/zookeeper-3.4.5.jar拷貝到/usr/local /hive/lib文件夾下面
注意:
如果hive/lib下已經存在這兩個文件的其他版本(例如zookeeper-3.3.1.jar)
建議刪除後使用hbase下的相關版本
還需要
protobuf-java-2.4.0a.jar拷貝到/usr/local/hive/lib和/usr/local/hadoop/lib下
2.修改hive-site.xml文件
在/usr/local/hive/conf下目錄下,在hive-site.xml最底部添加如下內容:
(跳轉到最下面的linux命令:按住Esc鍵 + 冒號 + $ 然後回車) <property> <name>hive.querylog.location</name> <value>/usr/local/hive/logs</value> </property> <property> <name>hive.aux.jars.path</name>
注意:如果不存在則自行創建,或者把文件改名後使用。拷貝到所有節點包括的下。拷貝下的文件到所有節點包括的下。
注意,如果3,4兩步跳過的話,運行hive時很可能出現如下錯誤:
org.apache.hadoop.hbase.ZooKeeperConnectionException: HBase is able to connect to ZooKeeper but the connection closes immediately.
This could be a sign that the server has too many connections (30 is the default). Consider inspecting your ZK server logs for that error and
then make sure you are reusing HBaseConfiguration as often as you can. See HTable's javadoc for more information. at org.apache.hadoop.
hbase.zookeeper.ZooKeeperWatcher.
5 啓動hive
(測試成功)
單節點啓動
bin/hive -hiveconf hbase.master=master:60000
集羣啓動
(這個我沒測試)
bin/hive -hiveconf hbase.zookeeper.quorum=node1,node2,node3 (所有的zookeeper節點)
如果hive-site.xml文件中沒有配置hive.aux.jars.path,則可以按照如下方式啓動。
hive --auxpath /opt/mapr/hive/hive-0.7.1/lib/hive-hbase-handler-0.7.1.jar,/opt/mapr/hive/hive-0.7.1/lib/hbase-0.90.4.jar,/opt/mapr/hive/hive-0.7.1/lib/zookeeper-3.3.2.jar -hiveconf hbase.master=localhost:60000
經測試修改hive的配置文件hive-site.xml
<property>
<name>hive.zookeeper.quorum</name>
<value>node1,node2,node3</value>
<description>The list of zookeeper servers to talk to. This is only needed for read/write locks.</description>
</property>
不用增加參數啓動hive就可以聯合hbase
6.測試hive到hbase中
啓動後進行測試(重啓一下集羣)
1. 用hive創建hbase能識別的表
語句如下:
create table hbase_table_1(key int, value string)
stored by 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.hbase.HBaseStorageHandler'
with serdeproperties ("hbase.columns.mapping" = ":key,cf1:val")
tblproperties ("hbase.table.name" = "xyz");
此刻你進入hbase shell中發現多了一張表 ‘xyz’
(可以先跳過這句話:hbase.table.name
定義在hbase的table名稱,
多列時:data:1,data:2;多列族時:data1:1,data2:1;)
hbase.columns.mapping
定義在hbase的列族,裏面的:key
是固定值而且要保證在表pokes中的foo字段是唯一值
創建有分區的表
create table hbase_table_1(key int, value string)
partitioned by (day string)
stored by 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.hbase.HBaseStorageHandler'
with serdeproperties ("hbase.columns.mapping" = ":key,cf1:val")
tblproperties ("hbase.table.name" = "xyz");
不支持表的修改
會提示不能修改非本地表。
hive> ALTER TABLE hbase_table_1 ADD PARTITION (day = '2012-09-22');
FAILED: Error in metadata: Cannot use ALTER TABLE on a non-native table FAILED: Execution Error, return code 1 from org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.DDLTask
2. 導入數據到關聯hbase的表中去
1.在hive中新建一張中間表
create table pokes(foo int,bar string)
row format delimited fields terminated by ',';
批量導入數據
load data local inpath '/home/1.txt' overwrite into table pokes;
1.txt文件的內容爲
1,hello
2,pear
3,world
使用sql導入hbase_table_1
set hive.hbase.bulk=true;
2.插入數據到hbase表中去
insert overwrite table hbase_table_1
select * from pokes;
導入有分區的表
insert overwrite table hbase_table_1 partition (day='2012-01-01')
select * from pokes;
3.查看關聯hbase的那張表
hive> select * from hbase_table_1;
OK
1 hello
2 pear
3 world
(注:與hbase整合的有分區的表存在個問題 select * from table查詢不到數據,select key,value from table可以查到數據)
4.登錄hbase查看那張表的數據
hbase shell
hbase(main):002:0> describe 'xyz'
DESCRIPTION ENABLED {NAME => 'xyz', FAMILIES => [{NAME => 'cf1', BLOOMFILTER => 'NONE', REPLICATION_S true
COPE => '0', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', VERSIONS => '3', TTL => '2147483647', BLOCKSI
ZE => '65536', IN_MEMORY => 'false', BLOCKCACHE => 'true'}]}
1 row(s) in 0.0830 seconds
hbase(main):003:0> scan 'xyz'
ROW COLUMN+CELL
1 column=cf1:val, timestamp=1331002501432, value=hello
2 column=cf1:val, timestamp=1331002501432, value=pear
3 column=cf1:val, timestamp=1331002501432, value=world
這時在Hbase中可以看到剛纔在hive中插入的數據了。
7.測試hbase到hive中
1.在hbase中創建表
create 'test1','a','b','c'
put 'test1','1','a','qqq'
put 'test1','1','b','aaa'
put 'test1','1','c','bbb'
put 'test1','2','a','qqq'
put 'test1','2','c','bbb'
2.把hbase中的表關聯到hive中
對於在hbase已經存在的表,在hive中使用CREATE
EXTERNAL TABLE來建立
例如hbase中的表名稱爲test1,字段爲
a: , b: ,c: 在hive中建表語句爲
create external table hive_test
(key int,gid map<string,string>,sid map<string,string>,uid map<string,string>)
stored by 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.hbase.HBaseStorageHandler'
with serdeproperties ("hbase.columns.mapping" ="a:,b:,c:")
tblproperties ("hbase.table.name" = "test1");
2.檢查test1中的數據
在hive中建立好表後,查詢hbase中test1表內容
select * from hive_test;
OK
1 {"":"qqq"} {"":"aaa"} {"":"bbb"}
2 {"":"qqq"} {} {"":"bbb"}
查詢gid字段中value值的方法爲
select gid[''] from hive_test;
得到查詢結果
Total MapReduce jobs = 1
Launching Job 1 out of 1
Number of reduce tasks is set to 0 since there's no reduce operator
Starting Job = job_201203052222_0017, Tracking URL = http://localhost:50030/jobdetails.jsp?jobid=job_201203052222_0017
Kill Command = /opt/mapr/hadoop/hadoop-0.20.2/bin/../bin/hadoop job -Dmapred.job.tracker=maprfs:/// -kill job_201203052222_0017
2012-03-06 14:38:29,141 Stage-1 map = 0%, reduce = 0%
2012-03-06 14:38:33,171 Stage-1 map = 100%, reduce = 100%
Ended Job = job_201203052222_0017
OK
qqq
qqq
如果hbase表test1中的字段爲user:gid,user:sid,info:uid,info:level,在hive中建表語句爲
create external table hive_test
(key int,user map<string,string>,info map<string,string>)
stored by 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.hbase.hbasestoragehandler'
with serdeproperties ("hbase.columns.mapping" ="user:,info:")
tblproperties ("hbase.table.name" = "test1");
查詢hbase表的方法爲
select user['gid'] from hive_test;
注:hive連接hbase優化,將HADOOP_HOME/conf中的hbase-site.xml文件中增加配置
<property>
<name>hbase.client.scanner.caching</name>
<value>10000</value>
</property>
或者在執行hive語句之前執行hive>set hbase.client.scanner.caching=10000;
報錯:
Hive報錯
1.NoClassDefFoundError
Could not initialize class java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.apache.hadoop.hbase.io.HbaseObjectWritable
將protobuf-***.jar添加到jars路徑
//$HIVE_HOME/conf/hive-site.xml
<property>
<name>hive.aux.jars.path</name>
<value>file:///data/hadoop/hive-0.10.0/lib/hive-hbase-handler-0.10.0.jar,file:///data/hadoop/hive-0.10.0/lib/hbase-0.94.8.jar,file:///data/hadoop/hive-0.10.0/lib/zookeeper-3.4.5.jar,file:///data/hadoop/hive-0.10.0/lib/guava-r09.jar,file:///data/hadoop/hive-0.10.0/lib/hive-contrib-0.10.0.jar,file:///data/hadoop/hive-0.10.0/lib/protobuf-java-2.4.0a.jar</value>
</property>
Hbase 報錯
:java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: com/google/protobuf/Message
編個Hbase程序,系統提示錯誤,java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: com/google/protobuf/Message
找了半天,從這個地方發現了些東西:http://abloz.com/2012/06/15/hive-execution-hbase-create-the-table-can-not-find-protobuf.html
內容如下:
hadoop:1.0.3
hive:0.9.0
hbase:0.94.0
protobuf:$HBASE_HOME/lib/protobuf-java-2.4.0a.jar
可以看到,0.9.0的hive裏面自帶的hbase的jar是0.92版本的。
[zhouhh@Hadoop48 ~]$ hive –auxpath $HIVE_HOME/lib/hive-hbase-handler-0.9.0.jar,$HIVE_HOME/lib/hbase-0.92.0.jar,$HIVE_HOME/lib/zookeeper-3.3.4.jar,$HIVE_HOME/lib/guava-r09.jar,$HBASE_HOME/lib/protobuf-java-2.4.0a.jar
hive> CREATE TABLE hbase_table_1(key int, value string)
> STORED BY ‘org.apache.hadoop.hive.hbase.HBaseStorageHandler’
> WITH SERDEPROPERTIES (“hbase.columns.mapping” = “:key,cf1:val”)
> TBLPROPERTIES (“hbase.table.name” = “xyz”);
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: com/google/protobuf/Message
at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.io.HbaseObjectWritable.(HbaseObjectWritable.java
…
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: com.google.protobuf.Message
解決辦法:
將$HBASE_HOME/lib/protobuf-java-2.4.0a.jar 拷貝到 $HIVE_HOME/lib/.
[zhouhh@Hadoop48 ~]$ cp /home/zhouhh/hbase-0.94.0/lib/protobuf-java-2.4.0a.jar $HIVE_HOME/lib/.
hive> CREATE TABLE hbase_table_1(key int, value string)
> STORED BY ‘org.apache.hadoop.hive.hbase.HBaseStorageHandler’
> WITH SERDEPROPERTIES (“hbase.columns.mapping” = “:key,cf1:val”)
> TBLPROPERTIES (“hbase.table.name” = “xyz”);
OK
Time taken: 10.492 seconds
hbase(main):002:0> list ‘xyz’
TABLE
xyz
1 row(s) in 0.0640 seconds
在引用 的jar包中包含protobuf-java-2.4.0a.jar即可。
測試腳本
bin/hive -hiveconf hbase.master=master:60000
hive --auxpath /usr/local/hive/lib/hive-hbase-handler-0.9.0.jar,/usr/local/hive/lib/hbase-0.94.7-security.jar,/usr/local/hive/lib/zookeeper-3.4.5.jar -hiveconf hbase.master=localhost:60000
<property>
<name>hive.aux.jars.path</name>
<value>file:///usr/local/hive/lib/hive-hbase-handler-0.9.0.jar,file:///usr/local/hive/lib/hbase-0.94.7-security.jar,file:///usr/local/hive/lib/zookeeper-3.4.5.jar</value>
</property>
1 nana
2 hehe
3 xixi
hadoop dfsadmin -safemode leave
/home/hadoop
create table hbase_table_1(key int, value string)
stored by 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.hbase.HBaseStorageHandler'
with serdeproperties ("hbase.columns.mapping" = ":key,cf1:val")
tblproperties ("hbase.table.name" = "xyz");
drop table pokes;
create table pokes
(id int,name string)
row format delimited fields terminated by ' '
stored as textfile;
load data local inpath '/home/hadoop/kv1.txt' overwrite into table pokes;
insert into table hbase_table_1
select * from pokes;
create external table hive_test
(key int,gid map<string,string>,sid map<string,string>,uid map<string,string>)
stored by 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.hbase.HBaseStorageHandler'
with serdeproperties ("hbase.columns.mapping" ="a:,b:,c:")
tblproperties ("hbase.table.name" = "test1");