測試一下這幾個命令的使用
1.測試環境如下：
RMAN> report schema;
Report of database schema for database with db_unique_name ORCL
List of Permanent Datafiles
===========================
File Size(MB) Tablespace RB segs Datafile Name
---- -------- -------------------- ------- ------------------------
1 710 SYSTEM *** /u01/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
2 610 SYSAUX *** /u01/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
3 30 UNDOTBS1 *** /u01/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
4 5 USERS *** /u01/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
List of Temporary Files
=======================
File Size(MB) Tablespace Maxsize(MB) Tempfile Name
---- -------- -------------------- ----------- --------------------
1 20 TEMP 32767 /u01/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf
2.做一個全備
RMAN> backup database format '/u02/RMAN/full_%U';
Starting backup at 07-APR-20
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=1 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 07-APR-20
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 07-APR-20
piece handle=/u02/RMAN/full_03ut2amm_1_1 tag=TAG20200407T162246 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:05
Finished backup at 07-APR-20
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 07-APR-20
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/autobackup/2020_04_07/o1_mf_s_1037118231_h8rg4r5s_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 07-APR-20
RMAN> backup archivelog all format '/u02/RMAN/archive_%U';
Starting backup at 07-APR-20
current log archived
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=13 RECID=1 STAMP=1037118278
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 07-APR-20
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 07-APR-20
piece handle=/u02/RMAN/archive_05ut2aq7_1_1 tag=TAG20200407T162439 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 07-APR-20
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 07-APR-20
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/autobackup/2020_04_07/o1_mf_s_1037118280_h8rg68dj_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 07-APR-20
3.關閉數據庫,刪除一個數據文件:
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
[oracle@qht131 /]$ mv /u01/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf /u01/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf_orig
4.啓動數據庫
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 313159680 bytes
Fixed Size 2227944 bytes
Variable Size 134218008 bytes
Database Buffers 171966464 bytes
Redo Buffers 4747264 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 4 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 4: '/u01/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf'
SQL> select open_mode from v$database ;
OPEN_MODE
--------------------
MOUNTED
5. LIST FAILURE查看狀態
RMAN> list failure;
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
List of Database Failures
=========================
Failure ID Priority Status Time Detected Summary
---------- -------- --------- ------------- -------
162 HIGH OPEN 07-APR-20 One or more non-system datafiles are missing
RMAN> list failure detail;
List of Database Failures
=========================
Failure ID Priority Status Time Detected Summary
---------- -------- --------- ------------- -------
162 HIGH OPEN 07-APR-20 One or more non-system datafiles are missing
Impact: See impact for individual child failures
List of child failures for parent failure ID 162
Failure ID Priority Status Time Detected Summary
---------- -------- --------- ------------- -------
165 HIGH OPEN 07-APR-20 Datafile 4: '/u01/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf' is missing
Impact: Some objects in tablespace USERS might be unavailable
RMAN> list failure 165;
List of Database Failures
=========================
Failure ID Priority Status Time Detected Summary
---------- -------- --------- ------------- -------
165 HIGH OPEN 07-APR-20 Datafile 4: '/u01/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf' is missing
Impact: Some objects in tablespace USERS might be unavailable
6.ADVISE FAILURE查看建議
RMAN> advise failure;
List of Database Failures
=========================
Failure ID Priority Status Time Detected Summary
---------- -------- --------- ------------- -------
165 HIGH OPEN 07-APR-20 Datafile 4: '/u01/oradata/orcl/users 01.dbf' is missing
Impact: Some objects in tablespace USERS might be unavailable
analyzing automatic repair options; this may take some time
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=20 device type=DISK
analyzing automatic repair options complete
Mandatory Manual Actions
========================
no manual actions available
Optional Manual Actions
=======================
1. If file /u01/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf was unintentionally renamed or moved, r estore it
Automated Repair Options
========================
Option Repair Description
------ ------------------
1 Restore and recover datafile 4
Strategy: The repair includes complete media recovery with no data loss
Repair script: /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/hm/reco_502490704.hm
根據建議，reco_502490704.hm爲恢復的腳本，內容如下：
[oracle@qht131 /]$ cat /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/hm/reco_502490704.hm
# restore and recover datafile
restore datafile 4;
recover datafile 4;
sql 'alter database datafile 4 online';
7.根據建議自動恢復
由於上面退出rman了，重新進rman獲取advise建議時，需要重新List failure。
RMAN> list failure;
RMAN> advise failure;
List of Database Failures
=========================
Failure ID Priority Status Time Detected Summary
---------- -------- --------- ------------- -------
162 HIGH OPEN 07-APR-20 One or more non-system datafiles are missing
analyzing automatic repair options; this may take some time
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=1 device type=DISK
analyzing automatic repair options complete
Mandatory Manual Actions
========================
no manual actions available
Optional Manual Actions
=======================
1. If file /u01/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf was unintentionally renamed or moved, restore it
Automated Repair Options
========================
Option Repair Description
------ ------------------
1 Restore and recover datafile 4
Strategy: The repair includes complete media recovery with no data loss
Repair script: /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/hm/reco_2853868618.hm
#生成一個新的建議腳本文件
RMAN> Repair Failure preview;
Strategy: The repair includes complete media recovery with no data loss
Repair script: /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/hm/reco_2853868618.hm
contents of repair script:
# restore and recover datafile
restore datafile 4;
recover datafile 4;
sql 'alter database datafile 4 online';
開始恢復
RMAN> repair failure;
Strategy: The repair includes complete media recovery with no data loss
Repair script: /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/hm/reco_2853868618.hm
contents of repair script:
# restore and recover datafile
restore datafile 4;
recover datafile 4;
sql 'alter database datafile 4 online';
Do you really want to execute the above repair (enter YES or NO)? y
executing repair script
Starting restore at 07-APR-20
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u02/RMAN/full_03ut2amm_1_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u02/RMAN/full_03ut2amm_1_1 tag=TAG20200407T162246
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02
Finished restore at 07-APR-20
Starting recover at 07-APR-20
using channel ORA_DISK_1
starting media recovery
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
Finished recover at 07-APR-20
sql statement: alter database datafile 4 online
repair failure complete
Do you want to open the database (enter YES or NO)? y
database opened
8.恢復成功
SQL> select open_mode from v$database ;
OPEN_MODE
--------------------
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