1.環境準備
查看當前Linux操作系統版本爲CentOS release 6.10
[root@ufo130 ~]# lsb_release -a
LSB Version: :base-4.0-amd64:base-4.0-noarch:core-4.0-amd64:core-4.0-noarch:graphics-4.0-amd64:graphics-4.0-noarch:printing-4.0-amd64:printing-4.0-noarch
Distributor ID: CentOS
Description: CentOS release 6.10 (Final)
Release: 6.10
Codename: Final
2.下載安裝包
下載網址
https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
下載對應操作系統的mysql安裝包
有多個套件可以選擇,一般選擇下載客戶端與服務端即可,(會提示登錄oracle官網賬戶,沒有的話可以註冊一個)
3.執行安裝
切換到root用戶上傳安裝包到/opt目錄下
[root@ufo130 opt]# ll
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 49219800 Apr 13 20:36 mysql-community-client-8.0.19-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 744268 Apr 13 22:51 mysql-community-common-8.0.19-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 8205352 Apr 13 22:52 mysql-community-devel-8.0.19-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4798368 Apr 13 22:52 mysql-community-libs-8.0.19-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1775392 Apr 13 22:52 mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.19-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 545353864 Apr 13 22:10 mysql-community-server-8.0.19-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
卸載之前的mysql安裝包(如果之前有安裝mysql服務,可參考第7步操作)
[root@ufo130 opt]# rpm -qa|grep -i mysql
按順序執行以下安裝命令
[root@ufo130 opt]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-8.0.19-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
[root@ufo130 opt]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-8.0.19-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
[root@ufo130 opt]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.19-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
[root@ufo130 opt]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-devel-8.0.19-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
[root@ufo130 opt]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-8.0.19-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
[root@ufo130 opt]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-8.0.19-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
檢查已經安裝的mysql包
[root@ufo130 opt]# rpm -qa|grep -i mysql
mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.19-1.el6.x86_64
mysql-community-server-8.0.19-1.el6.x86_64
mysql-community-libs-8.0.19-1.el6.x86_64
mysql-community-common-8.0.19-1.el6.x86_64
mysql-community-devel-8.0.19-1.el6.x86_64
mysql-community-client-8.0.19-1.el6.x86_64
4.啓動或關閉服務
啓動mysql服務、關閉mysql服務(首次啓動服務時會啓用內置的/etc/my.cnf配置文件,有需要自己可以配置更細的參數)
[root@ufo130 opt]# service mysqld start
初始化 MySQL 數據庫: [確定]
正在啓動 mysqld: [確定]
[root@ufo130 opt]# service mysqld stop
停止 mysqld: [確定]
5.登錄設置
安裝完mysql服務,系統會生成一個臨時密碼,可用於首次登錄
[root@ufo130 mysql]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log|awk '{print $NF}'
YjR&%Oojo4g_
臨時登錄、修改root密碼、刷新權限表(修改的密碼必須滿足密碼策略:字母大小寫、數字和特殊字符,長度不小於8)
[root@ufo130 mysql]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 8.0.19
Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Ufo_123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
重啓生效、驗證登錄(登錄成功)
[root@ufo130 mysql]# service mysqld restart
停止 mysqld: [確定]
正在啓動 mysqld: [確定]
[root@ufo130 mysql]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 8.0.19 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
6.文件佈局
常見文件佈局
/usr/bin(客戶端程序和腳本)
/usr/sbin(mysqld服務器)
/var/lib/mysql(日誌文件和數據庫)
/usr/share/doc/packages(文檔)
/usr/include/mysql(包含頭文件)
/usr/lib/mysql(庫文件)
/usr/share/mysql*(錯誤消息和字符集文件)
/usr/share/sql-bench(基準程序)
7.執行卸載
按照安裝的相反順序進行卸載(注意是包名不是包全稱)
[root@ufo130 opt]# service mysqld stop
停止 mysqld: [確定]
[root@ufo130 opt]# rpm -e mysql-community-server
[root@ufo130 opt]# rpm -e mysql-community-client
[root@ufo130 opt]# rpm -e mysql-community-devel
[root@ufo130 opt]# rpm -e mysql-community-libs-compat
[root@ufo130 opt]# rpm -e mysql-community-libs
[root@ufo130 opt]# rpm -e mysql-community-common
[root@ufo130 opt]# rpm -qa|grep -i mysql
刪除配置文件 /etc/my.cnf(如果之前有)
刪除啓動服務 /etc/init.d/mysqld(如果存在)
8.總結
優點:安裝簡單,適合初學者。
缺點:安裝路徑不靈活,默認路徑不能修改,一臺服務器只能安裝一個mysql服務。特別是數據量很大時,默認路徑不方便。