文章目錄
前言
list
list(用法)
列表，數據成員可以是多種類型，也可嵌套列表
ipython示例：
z = [12,13,14]
In [1]: name1 = 'tom'
In [2]: name2 = 'lily'
In [3]: name3 = 'bob'
In [4]: name4 = 'coco'
In [5]: name1
Out[5]: 'tom'
In [6]: name2
Out[6]: 'lily'
In [7]: name3
Out[7]: 'bob'
In [8]: name4
Out[8]: 'coco'
In [9]: name = ['tom','lily','bob','coco']
In [10]: name
Out[10]: ['tom', 'lily', 'bob', 'coco']
In [11]: type(name)
Out[11]: list
li = [1,1.2,True,‘hello’]
print(li)
print(type(li))
[1, 1.2, True, 'hello']
<class 'list'>
li = [1,1.2,True,‘hello’,[1,2,3,4,5]]
print(li)
print(type(li))
[1, 1.2, True, 'hello', [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]]
<class 'list'>
list(索引，切片，重複，連接，成員操作符，迭代)
service = [‘http’,‘ssh’,‘ftp’]
-
index索引
print(service[0])httpprint(service[-1])
ftp -
slide切片
print(service[::-1])['ftp', 'ssh', 'http']print(service[1:])
['ssh', 'ftp']print(service[:-1])
['http', 'ssh'] -
repeat重複
print(service * 3)['http', 'ssh', 'ftp', 'http', 'ssh', 'ftp', 'http', 'ssh', 'ftp'] -
link連接
service1 = [‘mysql’,‘firewalld’]
print(service + service1)['http', 'ssh', 'ftp', 'mysql', 'firewalld'] -
in / not in成員操作
print(‘firewalld’ in service)Falseprint(‘firewalld’ in service1)
Trueprint(‘firewalld’ not in service1)
False -
for 迭代
for se in service:
print(se)http ssh ftp
service2 = [[‘http’,‘80’],[‘ssh’,‘22’],[‘ftp’,‘21’]]
-
index
print(service2[0][1])80print(service2[-1][1])
21 -
slide
print(service2[:][1])['ssh', '22']print(service2[:-1][0])
['http', '80']
list(練習：用法)
假定有下面這樣的列表:
names = [‘fentiao’, ‘fendai’, ‘fensi’, ‘apple’]
輸出結果爲:‘I have fentiao, fendai, fensi and apple.’
names = ['fentiao', 'fendai', 'fensi', 'apple']
print('I have ' + ', '.join(names[:-1]) + ' and ' + names[-1])
list(增，刪，改，查)
-
add增
service = [‘http’,‘ssh’,‘ftp’]+
print(service + [‘firewalld’])append
service.append(‘firewalld’)
print(service)extend
service.extend([‘mysql’,‘firewalld’])
print(service)insert(位置，成員)
service.insert(1,‘samba’)
print(service) -
del刪
1.pop
從隊列尾部往出pop，pop出的成員最好接一下，以防丟失。
也可指定下標popservice.pop(0) 'http'2.remove
a = service.remove(‘ssh’)
print(service)['http', 'ftp']print(a)
none3.del刪除報錯
print(service)['http', 'ftp']del service
print(service)Traceback (most recent call last): File "/root/Downloads/day04/10_list_del.py", line 57, in <module> print(service) NameError: name 'service' is not defined -
change改
service = [‘http’,‘ssh’,‘ftp’]
index索引
service[0] = ‘mysql’
print(service)['mysql', 'ssh', 'ftp']slide切片
print(service[:2])['mysql', 'ssh']service[:2] = [‘samba’,‘nfs’]
print(service)['samba', 'nfs', 'ftp'] -
look查
service = [‘http’,‘ssh’,‘ftp’,‘http’]
count統計
print(service.count(‘http’))2index索引
print(service.index(‘ssh’))1print(service.index(‘http’,0,13))
0
list(排序)
-
sort
service = [‘http’,‘ssh’,‘ftp’,‘http’,‘Http’]
service.sort()
print(service)['Http', 'ftp', 'http', 'http', 'ssh'] -
range
import random
li = list(range(10))
print(li)[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] -
shuffle
random.shuffle(li)
print(li)[5, 9, 4, 2, 1, 0, 7, 6, 3, 8]
list(練習：用戶登陸系統)
添加用戶:
1). 判斷用戶是否存在?
2). 如果存在， 報錯；
3). 如果不存在，添加用戶名和密碼分別到列表中;
刪除用戶
1). 判斷用戶名是否存在
2). 如果存在，刪除；
3). 如果不存在， 報錯；
用戶登陸
用戶查看
1) 通過索引遍歷密碼
退出
要求：
1.系統裏面有多個用戶，用戶的信息目前保存在列表裏面
users = [‘root’,‘westos’]
passwd = [‘123’,‘456’]
2.用戶登陸(判斷用戶登陸是否成功
1).判斷用戶是否存在
2).如果存在
1).判斷用戶密碼是否正確
如果正確，登陸成功，推出循環
如果密碼不正確，重新登陸，總共有三次機會登陸
3).如果用戶不存在
重新登陸，總共有三次機會
users = ['root', 'westos']
passwds = ['123', '456']
trycount = 0
while trycount < 3:
inuser = input('Username:')
inpasswd = input('Password:')
trycount += 1
if inuser in users:
index = users.index(inuser)
passwd = passwds[index]
if inpasswd == passwd:
print('%s login success!' %inuser)
break
else:
print('%s login failed: password not correct!' %inuser)
else:
print('User %s not exist!' %inuser)
else:
print('no more chance!')
1.後臺管理員只有一個用戶: admin, 密碼: admin
2.當管理員登陸成功後， 可以管理前臺會員信息.
3.會員信息管理包含:
添加會員信息
刪除會員信息
查看會員信息
退出
print('管理員登陸'.center(50,'*'))
inuser = input('Username:')
inpasswd = input('Password:')
users = ['root', 'westos']
passwds = ['123', '456']
if inuser == 'admin' and inpasswd == 'admin':
print('管理員登陸成功!')
print('會員信息管理'.center(50,'*'))
while True:
print("""
目錄
1. 添加會員信息
2. 刪除會員信息
3. 查看會員信息
4. 退出
""")
choice = input('Please input your choice:')
if choice == '1':
pass
elif choice == '2':
pass
elif choice == '3':
pass
elif choice == '4':
exit()
else:
print('Please check your input!')
else:
print('管理員登陸失敗!')
list(練習：棧)
棧的工作原理
入棧 append
出棧 pop
棧頂元素
棧的長度 len
棧是否爲空 len == 0
tuple
tuple(用法)
Python的元組與列表類似，不同之處在於元組的元素不能修改。
t = (1,2.3,True,‘westos’)
print(type(t))
print(t)
<class 'tuple'>
(1, 2.3, True, 'westos')
t1 = ([1,2,3],4)
t1[0].append(4)
print(t1)
([1, 2, 3, 4], 4)
t2 = (1,)
print(t2)
print(type(t2))
(1,)
<class 'tuple'>
touple(索引，重複，連接，成員操作符，迭代)
Users = (‘root’,‘westos’,‘redhat’)
Passwds = (‘123’,‘456’,‘789’)
-
index slide
print(Users[0])
print(Users[-1])
print(Users[1:])
print(Users[::-1]) -
repeat
print(Passwds * 3) -
link
print(Users + (‘linux’,‘python’)) -
in /not in
print(‘westos’ in Users)
print(‘westos’ not in Users) -
for
for user in Users:
print(user)for index,user in enumerate(Users):
print(index,user)for user,passwd in zip(Users,Passwds):
print(user,’:’,passwd) -
common method（統計，通過索引尋找下標）
t = (1,1.2,True,‘westos’)
print(t.count(‘westos’))
print(t.index(1))
tuple(練習：賦值，統計成績)
-
獨特賦值法
t = (‘westos’,11,100)
name,age,score = t
print(name,age,score)westos 11 100 -
統計成績
scores = (100,89,45,78,65)
scoreli = list(scores)
scoreli.sort()
t = tuple(scoreli)
print(t)(45, 65, 78, 89, 100)minscore,*middlescore,maxscore = t #中間值添加*是因爲返回個數有可能是多個
print(minscore)45print(middlescore)
[65, 78, 89]print(maxscore)
100print(sum(middlescore) / len(middlescore))
77.33333333333333
set
集合（set）是一個無序的不重複元素序列
set(用法)
s = {1,2,3,1,2,3,4,5}
print(s)
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
print(type(s))
<class 'set'>
s1 = {1}
print(s1)
{1}
print(type(s1))
<class 'set'>
s2 = {}
print(type(s2))
<class 'dict'>
s3 = set([])
print(type(s3))
<class 'set'>
li = [1,2,3,1,2,3]
print(list(set(li))
[1, 2, 3]
set(成員操作符，可迭代)
不可用下標索引，不可重複，不可連接
s = {1,2,3}
print(1 in s)
True
for i in s:
print(i,end=’|’)
1|2|3|
for i,v in enumerate(s):
print(i,v)
0 1
1 2
2 3
set(集和)
s = {6,7,8,9}
s.add(1)
print(s)
{1, 6, 7, 8, 9}
s.update({5,3,2})
print(s)
{1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
s.pop()
print(s)
{2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
s.remove(6)
print(s)
{2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9}
-
交集，並集，差集
s1 = {1,2,3}
s2 = {2,3,4} -
並集
print(‘並集:’,s1.union(s2))
print(‘並集:’,s1 | s2)並集: {1, 2, 3, 4} -
交集
print(‘交集:’,s1.intersection(s2))
print(‘交集:’,s1 & s2)交集: {2, 3} -
差集
print(‘差集:’,s1.difference(s2)) # s1-(s1&s2)差集: {1}print(‘差集:’,s2.difference(s1)) # s2-(s1&s2)
差集: {4} -
對等差分:並集-差集
print(‘對等差分:’,s1.symmetric_difference(s2))
print(‘對等差分:’,s1^s2)對等差分: {1, 4} -
集和判斷
s3 = {1,2}
s4 = {1,2,3}print(s3.issuperset(s4))
Falseprint(s3.issubset(s4))
Trueprint(s3.isdisjoint(s4))
False
set(練習：去重)
明明想在學校中請一些同學一起做一項問卷調查，爲了實驗的客觀性
他先用計算機生成了N個1～1000之間的隨機整數(N<=1000),N是用戶輸入的，
對於
其中重複的數字，只保留一個，把其餘相同的數字去掉，不同的數對應着不>同的學生的學號，然後再把這些
數從小到大排序，按照排好的順序去找同學做調查，請你協助明明完成“去重
”與排序工作
import random
s = set([])
for i in range(int(input('N:'))):
s.add(random.randint(1,1000))
print(sorted(s))
dict
dict不可以通過下標索引
dict(用法)
users = [‘user1’,‘user2’]
passwds = [‘123’,‘456’]
print(zip(users,passwds))
<zip object at 0x7f332bec6820>
print(list(zip(users,passwds)))
[('user1', '123'), ('user2', '456')]
print(dict(zip(users,passwds)))
{'user1': '123', 'user2': '456'}
s = {}
print(type(s))
<class 'dict'>
s = {
‘linux’:[100,99,88],
‘westos’:[190,543,345]
}
print(s)
{'linux': [100, 99, 88], 'westos': [190, 543, 345]}
print(type(s))
<class 'dict'>
d = dict()
print(d)
{}
print(type(d))
<class 'dict'>
students = {
‘westos’:{
‘id’:‘03113009’,
‘age’:18,
‘score’:90
},
‘redhat’:{
‘id’:‘03113010’,
‘age’:20,
‘score’:100
}
}
print(students[‘westos’][‘id’])
03113009
dict(成員操作符，迭代)
d = {
‘1’:‘a’,
‘2’:‘b’
}
print(‘1’ in d)
True
print(‘1’ not in d)
False
for key in d:
print(key,d[key])
1 a
2 b
dict(增，刪，查)
-
add
services = {
‘http’:80,
‘ftp’:21,
‘ssh’:22
}
services[‘mysql’] = 3306
print(services){'http': 80, 'ftp': 21, 'ssh': 22, 'mysql': 3306}services[‘http’] = 443
print(services){'http': 443, 'ftp': 21, 'ssh': 22, 'mysql': 3306}services_backup = {
‘https’:443,
‘tomcat’:8080,
‘http’:8080
}services.update(services_backup)
print(services){'http': 8080, 'ftp': 21, 'ssh': 22, 'mysql': 3306, 'https': 443, 'tomcat': 8080}services.update(flask=9000,http=8000)
print(services){'http': 8000, 'ftp': 21, 'ssh': 22, 'mysql': 3306, 'https': 443, 'tomcat': 8080, 'flask': 9000}services.setdefault(‘http’,9090) #在沒有賦值的情況下賦予默認值
print(services){'http': 8000, 'ftp': 21, 'ssh': 22, 'mysql': 3306, 'https': 443, 'tomcat': 8080, 'flask': 9000}services.setdefault(‘oracle’,44575)
print(services){'http': 8000, 'ftp': 21, 'ssh': 22, 'mysql': 3306, 'https': 443, 'tomcat': 8080, 'flask': 9000, 'oracle': 44575} -
del
services = {
‘http’:80,
‘ftp’:21,
‘ssh’:22
}del services[‘http’]
print(services){'ftp': 21, 'ssh': 22}item = services.pop(‘http’)
print(item)
print(services)80 {'ftp': 21, 'ssh': 22}item = services.popitem()
print(‘The last key-value is:’,item)The last key-value is: ('ssh', 22)print(services)
{'ftp': 21}services.clear()
print(services){} -
look
services = {
‘http’:80,
‘ftp’:21,
‘ssh’:22
}print(services.keys())
dict_keys(['http', 'ftp', 'ssh'])print(services.values())
dict_values([80, 21, 22])print(services.items())
dict_items([('http', 80), ('ftp', 21), ('ssh', 22)])print(services[‘http’])
80print(services.get(‘vsfptd’,‘key not exist’))
key not existfor k in services:
print(‘key:’,k,‘value:’,services[k])key: http value: 80 key: ftp value: 21 key: ssh value: 22
dict(練習：統計隨機數)
數字重複統計:
1). 隨機生成1000個整數;
2). 數字的範圍[20, 100],
3). 升序輸出所有不同的數字及其每個數字重複的次數;
import random
all_nums = []
for item in range(1000):
all_nums.append(random.randint(20,100))
print(all_nums)
sorted_nums = sorted(all_nums)
num_dict = {}
for num in sorted_nums:
if num in num_dict:
num_dict[num] += 1
else:
num_dict[num] = 1
print(num_dict)
運行結果：
[69, 53, 96, 51, 64, 32, 100, 40, 37, 40, 53, 82, 23, 58, 54, 60, 32, 95, 90, 78, 71, 65, 28, 21, 47, 83, 92, 70, 62, 84, 45, 37, 47, 40, 29, 59, 55, 43, 37, 35, 87, 51, 21, 100, 70, 39, 95, 52, 93, 52, 22, 50, 72, 93, 76, 41, 51, 75, 20, 26, 57, 75, 77, 54, 62, 87, 30, 25, 23, 81, 34, 88, 57, 57, 62, 30, 67, 62, 73, 76, 57, 31, 24, 62, 43, 41, 21, 28, 91, 91, 39, 96, 79, 49, 36, 68, 83, 35, 77, 29, 23, 76, 84, 46, 77, 87, 54, 89, 75, 60, 38, 37, 28, 79, 48, 42, 70, 93, 75, 70, 69, 77, 74, 98, 24, 32, 57, 72, 89, 59, 93, 57, 20, 67, 97, 63, 47, 44, 67, 45, 82, 51, 45, 26, 59, 87, 29, 97, 45, 23, 65, 63, 57, 98, 80, 29, 77, 79, 98, 52, 34, 38, 70, 31, 90, 33, 58, 27, 78, 65, 30, 85, 68, 72, 31, 83, 74, 51, 94, 48, 29, 50, 91, 51, 59, 62, 44, 20, 31, 95, 97, 47, 92, 52, 47, 31, 98, 54, 64, 58, 38, 31, 52, 94, 88, 31, 92, 24, 61, 50, 22, 23, 93, 65, 46, 37, 46, 96, 54, 78, 54, 38, 80, 90, 67, 35, 61, 39, 85, 37, 52, 70, 46, 61, 52, 80, 61, 78, 38, 44, 100, 97, 42, 95, 50, 35, 55, 40, 72, 49, 35, 57, 23, 66, 24, 41, 93, 84, 25, 76, 88, 43, 42, 32, 50, 79, 82, 64, 25, 68, 47, 28, 65, 53, 70, 33, 21, 60, 74, 34, 91, 51, 48, 66, 23, 40, 62, 54, 60, 89, 87, 58, 81, 88, 77, 21, 53, 48, 93, 82, 80, 49, 73, 68, 42, 97, 30, 88, 30, 78, 79, 88, 98, 77, 80, 88, 96, 64, 71, 96, 81, 25, 43, 89, 83, 75, 20, 93, 41, 24, 64, 45, 98, 54, 21, 83, 25, 73, 30, 45, 93, 84, 82, 76, 59, 90, 88, 71, 79, 57, 28, 29, 70, 99, 87, 29, 26, 47, 85, 86, 22, 56, 36, 64, 36, 90, 80, 97, 84, 97, 24, 98, 70, 77, 70, 69, 26, 82, 62, 43, 78, 86, 34, 77, 33, 76, 53, 78, 92, 52, 84, 78, 80, 78, 33, 25, 35, 88, 34, 48, 81, 91, 37, 95, 51, 31, 38, 33, 33, 93, 79, 31, 84, 69, 40, 81, 77, 72, 96, 89, 74, 78, 52, 40, 50, 34, 51, 20, 80, 96, 48, 99, 90, 65, 35, 39, 81, 36, 25, 44, 98, 54, 46, 59, 81, 59, 44, 31, 68, 28, 95, 53, 62, 82, 54, 50, 22, 21, 32, 52, 87, 82, 61, 28, 32, 84, 71, 53, 85, 52, 20, 88, 92, 91, 36, 30, 97, 43, 87, 27, 54, 88, 79, 75, 51, 39, 29, 63, 55, 90, 60, 93, 50, 42, 20, 64, 68, 88, 91, 24, 70, 58, 72, 47, 47, 41, 55, 93, 86, 59, 28, 76, 66, 97, 76, 73, 91, 57, 48, 70, 38, 72, 43, 54, 50, 95, 75, 82, 42, 89, 31, 31, 35, 52, 56, 52, 74, 64, 41, 67, 29, 46, 36, 77, 30, 54, 87, 41, 68, 91, 82, 52, 76, 67, 74, 71, 68, 28, 32, 94, 35, 62, 36, 21, 82, 55, 22, 48, 96, 21, 21, 58, 65, 60, 85, 38, 25, 89, 50, 76, 30, 79, 25, 26, 47, 93, 99, 84, 41, 51, 51, 71, 46, 22, 63, 56, 41, 45, 20, 76, 51, 79, 55, 64, 24, 57, 73, 79, 66, 68, 72, 54, 55, 30, 83, 39, 41, 95, 38, 69, 60, 25, 80, 27, 71, 89, 75, 27, 73, 95, 98, 59, 44, 93, 69, 35, 58, 70, 37, 74, 72, 47, 79, 46, 62, 35, 34, 21, 63, 91, 43, 43, 33, 48, 39, 88, 74, 69, 75, 96, 86, 26, 99, 80, 97, 94, 92, 25, 43, 91, 44, 64, 81, 81, 43, 21, 97, 87, 100, 61, 25, 59, 54, 27, 57, 46, 43, 50, 28, 68, 49, 51, 48, 53, 27, 84, 67, 81, 98, 28, 93, 24, 54, 63, 67, 46, 93, 28, 95, 27, 66, 69, 41, 57, 70, 40, 99, 42, 77, 42, 39, 50, 86, 24, 60, 40, 61, 59, 82, 73, 27, 80, 59, 97, 80, 63, 53, 94, 78, 55, 100, 99, 33, 97, 78, 33, 92, 95, 38, 79, 81, 50, 26, 60, 63, 98, 100, 57, 55, 69, 80, 29, 27, 91, 37, 93, 22, 27, 94, 59, 90, 21, 30, 29, 78, 70, 85, 40, 53, 36, 53, 47, 77, 100, 86, 100, 21, 69, 36, 47, 30, 97, 92, 60, 32, 60, 42, 20, 20, 26, 37, 80, 71, 84, 63, 52, 79, 51, 83, 86, 75, 61, 64, 79, 82, 22, 100, 67, 75, 82, 24, 58, 37, 45, 80, 20, 54, 98, 67, 70, 89, 67, 20, 71, 82, 88, 91, 97, 49, 52, 93, 70, 58, 26, 82, 81, 79, 50, 34, 46, 34, 46, 43, 66, 51, 42, 57, 36, 57, 86, 27, 21, 38, 25, 24, 44, 100, 71, 32, 31, 53, 21, 24, 25, 58, 29, 63, 77, 23, 53, 48, 90, 88, 64, 92, 85, 96, 69, 35, 58, 69, 95, 64, 88, 30, 32, 67, 47, 68, 59, 55, 22, 55, 81, 96, 93, 94, 53, 88, 73, 66, 39, 64, 98, 58, 37, 94, 37, 58, 99, 24, 56, 46, 73, 20, 35, 71, 34, 90, 34, 62, 24, 25, 50, 42, 50, 99, 68, 75, 76, 81, 49, 50, 69, 63, 21, 56, 61, 48, 33, 73, 34, 75, 93, 34, 81, 49, 60, 45, 31, 60, 21, 78, 23, 35, 68, 61, 89, 50, 72, 57, 61, 53, 32, 85, 99, 88, 57, 94, 89, 88, 69, 81, 46, 83, 68, 49, 39, 87, 41, 22, 82, 67, 70, 41, 44, 61, 93, 45, 33]
{20: 13, 21: 18, 22: 10, 23: 9, 24: 15, 25: 15, 26: 9, 27: 11, 28: 12, 29: 12, 30: 13, 31: 14, 32: 11, 33: 11, 34: 13, 35: 14, 36: 10, 37: 13, 38: 11, 39: 10, 40: 10, 41: 13, 42: 11, 43: 13, 44: 9, 45: 10, 46: 14, 47: 14, 48: 12, 49: 8, 50: 18, 51: 16, 52: 16, 53: 15, 54: 17, 55: 11, 56: 5, 57: 18, 58: 13, 59: 14, 60: 13, 61: 12, 62: 12, 63: 11, 64: 14, 65: 7, 66: 7, 67: 13, 68: 14, 69: 14, 70: 18, 71: 11, 72: 10, 73: 10, 74: 8, 75: 13, 76: 12, 77: 14, 78: 14, 79: 16, 80: 15, 81: 16, 82: 17, 83: 8, 84: 11, 85: 8, 86: 8, 87: 11, 88: 19, 89: 11, 90: 10, 91: 13, 92: 9, 93: 21, 94: 9, 95: 12, 96: 11, 97: 15, 98: 13, 99: 9, 100: 10}
dict(練習：生成卡號)
1.隨機生成100個卡號；
卡號以6102009開頭， 後面3位依次是 （001， 002， 003， 100），
2.生成關於銀行卡號的字典， 默認每個卡號的初始密碼爲"redhat";
3.輸出卡號和密碼信息， 格式如下:
卡號 密碼
6102009001 000000
import random
account_num = []
for i in range(100):
account_num.append('6102009%.3d' %(i+1))
account_info = {}.fromkeys(account_num,'redhat')
print('卡號\t\t\t\t 密碼')
for k,v in account_info.items():
print(k,'\t\t',v)
運行結果：
卡號 密碼
6102009001 redhat
6102009002 redhat
6102009003 redhat
..........
其他用法(最大最小，求和，枚舉，zip，fromkeys)
-
最大最小判斷
In [1]: min(3,4)
Out[1]: 3In [2]: min(1,2)
Out[2]: 1In [3]: max(3,4)
Out[3]: 4In [4]: max(1,2)
Out[4]: 2 -
求和
In [5]: sum(range(1,101))
Out[5]: 5050
In [6]: sum(range(1,101,2))
Out[6]: 2500
In [7]: sum(range(2,101,2))
Out[7]: 2550
-
枚舉
for i,v in enumerate(‘hello’):
print(i,v)
結果0 h 1 e 2 l 3 l 4 o -
zip
s1 = ‘abc’
s2 = ‘123’
for i in zip(s1,s2):
print(i)for i in zip(s1,s2):
print(’’.join(i)) -
fromkeys
Python 字典 fromkeys() 函數用於創建一個新字典，以序列 seq 中元素做字典的鍵，value 爲字典所有鍵對應的初始值。print({}.fromkeys({‘1’,‘2’},‘000000’))
{'1': '000000', '2': '000000'}