三、“股票數據Scrapy爬蟲”實例

1、“股票數據Scrapy爬蟲”實例介紹

（1）功能描述

技術路線：scrapy。

目標：獲取上交所和深交所所有股票的名稱和交易信息。

輸出：保存到文件中。

（2）數據網站的確定

獲取股票列表：

東方財富網：http://quote.eastmoney.com/stocklist.html。

獲取個股信息：

百度股票：https://gupiao.baidu.com/stock/。

單個股票：https://gupiao.baidu.com/stock/sz002439.html。

備註：原來的百度股票、單個股票網頁鏈接均已失效；故更改爲https://so.cfi.cn/so.aspx?txquery=。原來的東方財富網網頁鏈接已無法爬取數據；故更改爲http://quote.eastmoney.com/stock_list.html#sh。

2、“股票數據Scrapy爬蟲”實例編寫

步驟1：建立工程和Spider模板

管理員權限啓動cmd。

輸入：

scrapy startproject BaiduStocks
cd BaiduStocks
scrapy genspider stocks baidu.com

進一步修改spiders/stocks.py文件。

備註：原來的第二行命令是BaiduStocks，有誤；故更改爲cd BaiduStocks。

步驟2：編寫Spider

配置stocks.py文件。

修改對返回頁面的處理。

修改對新增URL爬取請求的處理（stocks.py）。

# 錯誤
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
import re


class StocksSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'stocks'
    start_urls = ['http://quote.eastmoney.com/stocklist.html']

    def parse(self, response):
        for href in response.css('a::attr(href)').extract():
            try:
                stock = re.findall(r"[s][hz]\d{6}", href)[0]
                url = 'https://gupiao.baidu.com/stock/' + stock + '.html'
                yield scrapy.Request(url, callback=self.parse_stock)
            except:
                continue

    def parse_stock(self, response):
        infoDict = {}
        stockInfo = response.css('.stock-bets')
        name = stockInfo.css('.bets-name').extract()[0]
        keyList = stockInfo.css('dt').extract()
        valueList = stockInfo.css('dd').extract()
        for i in range(len(keyList)):
            key = re.findall(r'>.*</dt>', keyList[i])[0][1:-5]
            try:
                val = re.findall(r'\d+\.?.*</dd>', valueList[i])[0][0:-5]
            except:
                val = '--'
            infoDict[key] = val

        infoDict.update(
            {'股票名稱': re.findall('\s.*\(', name)[0].split()[0] + \
                     re.findall('\>.*\<', name)[0][1:-1]})  # 兩個字典合併到一起。
        yield infoDict

# 正確
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
import re
from BaiduStocks.items import BaidustocksItem

class StocksSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'stocks'
    start_urls = ['http://quote.eastmoney.com/stock_list.html#sh']

    def parse(self, response):
        for href in response.css('a::attr(href)').extract():
            try:
                stock = re.findall(r"[s][hz]\d{6}", href)[0]
                url = 'http://so.cfi.cn/so.aspx?txquery=' + stock + '.html'
                yield scrapy.Request(url, callback=self.parse_stock)
            except:
                continue

    def parse_stock(self, response):
        try:
            item = BaidustocksItem()
            stock = response.xpath('//td[@id="tdquote"]/table/tr/td/text()').extract()
            name = stock[0]
            number = stock[1]
            details = stock[2:]
            item['name'] = name
            item['number'] = number
            item['details'] = details
            yield item
        except:
            pass

步驟3：編寫ITEM Pipelines

配置pipelines.py文件。

定義對爬取項（Scrapy Item）的處理類（pipelines.py）。

配置ITEM_PIPELINES選項（settings.py）。

①items.py：

# 錯誤
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define here the models for your scraped items
#
# See documentation in:
# https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html

import scrapy


class BaidustocksItem(scrapy.Item):
    # define the fields for your item here like:
    # name = scrapy.Field()
    pass

# 正確
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define here the models for your scraped items
#
# See documentation in:
# https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html

import scrapy


class BaidustocksItem(scrapy.Item):
    # define the fields for your item here like:
    name = scrapy.Field()
    number = scrapy.Field()
    details = scrapy.Field()

②pipelines.py：

# 錯誤
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html


class BaidustocksPipeline(object):
    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        return item


class BaidustocksInfoPipeline(object):
    def open_spider(self, spider):
        self.f = open('BaiduStockInfo.txt', 'w')

    def close_spider(self, spider):
        self.f.close()

    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        try:
            line = str(dict(item)) + '\n'
            self.f.write(line)
        except:
            pass
        return item


# 正確
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
import json


class BaidustocksPipeline(object):
    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        return item


class BaidustocksInfoPipeline(object):
    def open_spider(self, spider):
        self.f = open('BaiduSTocks.json', 'w', encoding='utf-8')

    def close_spider(self, spider):
        self.f.close()

    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        if item == {}:
            pass
        text = json.dumps(dict(item), ensure_ascii=False) + "\n"
        text.encode('utf-8')
        self.f.write(text)
        return item

③settings.py：

# 錯誤
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Scrapy settings for BaiduStocks project
#
# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
#     https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
#     https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#     https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html

BOT_NAME = 'BaiduStocks'

SPIDER_MODULES = ['BaiduStocks.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'BaiduStocks.spiders'


# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
#USER_AGENT = 'BaiduStocks (+http://www.yourdomain.com)'

# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = True

# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32

# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
#DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16

# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
#COOKIES_ENABLED = False

# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False

# Override the default request headers:
#DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
#   'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
#   'Accept-Language': 'en',
#}

# Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
#SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'BaiduStocks.middlewares.BaidustocksSpiderMiddleware': 543,
#}

# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'BaiduStocks.middlewares.BaidustocksDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
#}

# Enable or disable extensions
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
#EXTENSIONS = {
#    'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
#}

# Configure item pipelines
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
    'BaiduStocks.pipelines.BaidustocksInfoPipeline': 300,
}

# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
# The initial download delay
#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
# each remote server
#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False

# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
#HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'
#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'

# 正確
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Scrapy settings for BaiduStocks project
#
# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
#     https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
#     https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#     https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html

BOT_NAME = 'BaiduStocks'

SPIDER_MODULES = ['BaiduStocks.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'BaiduStocks.spiders'


# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
#USER_AGENT = 'BaiduStocks (+http://www.yourdomain.com)'

# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False

# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32

# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
#DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16

# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
#COOKIES_ENABLED = False

# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False

# Override the default request headers:
#DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
#   'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
#   'Accept-Language': 'en',
#}

# Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
#SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'BaiduStocks.middlewares.BaidustocksSpiderMiddleware': 543,
#}

# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'BaiduStocks.middlewares.BaidustocksDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
#}

# Enable or disable extensions
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
#EXTENSIONS = {
#    'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
#}

# Configure item pipelines
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
    'BaiduStocks.pipelines.BaidustocksInfoPipeline': 300,
}

# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
# The initial download delay
#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
# each remote server
#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False

# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
#HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'
#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'

備註：原來的ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = True更改爲ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False，只有這一處改動。

執行程序：scrapy crawl stocks。

3、“股票數據Scrapy爬蟲”實例優化

配置併發連接選項（settings.py）。

選項	說明
CONCURRENT_REQUESTS	Downloader最大併發請求下載數量，默認32
CONCURRENT_ITEMS	Item Pipeline最大併發ITEM處理數量，默認100
CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAI N	每個目標域名最大的併發請求數量，默認8
CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP	每個目標IP最大的併發請求數量，默認0，非0有效

《Python網絡爬蟲與信息提取》第四周網絡爬蟲之框架學習筆記（三）“股票數據Scrapy爬蟲”實例

三、“股票數據Scrapy爬蟲”實例

1、“股票數據Scrapy爬蟲”實例介紹

（1）功能描述

（2）數據網站的確定

2、“股票數據Scrapy爬蟲”實例編寫

3、“股票數據Scrapy爬蟲”實例優化

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《Python網絡爬蟲與信息提取》第四周 網絡爬蟲之框架 學習筆記（三）“股票數據Scrapy爬蟲”實例

三、“股票數據Scrapy爬蟲”實例

1、“股票數據Scrapy爬蟲”實例介紹

（1）功能描述

（2）數據網站的確定

2、“股票數據Scrapy爬蟲”實例編寫

3、“股票數據Scrapy爬蟲”實例優化

《Python網絡爬蟲與信息提取》第四周網絡爬蟲之框架學習筆記（三）“股票數據Scrapy爬蟲”實例