qt網絡編程之使用cookie和ssl

簡 述：　最近使用網絡，對於請求頭和協議頭，有一處撓頭了下，看到這一篇有些觸發後面實現了，覺得寫得還挺好的，且後面可能正好要改進使用 Cookies 和 ssl ，先擺着在這裏；

所使用的Qt版本：5.14.0

本例子基於這篇博客中的例子：《Qt使用HTTPS協議訪問網站》

接收Cookies：

Cookie由返回的QNetworkReply獲取，Qt已經做得很好了，我們只需要調用相關函數即可，像其他響應消息的頭也可以由類似的方式獲取。

#include <QCoreApplication>
#include "TestNet.h"

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    QCoreApplication a(argc, argv);

    TestNet One;
    One.GetWeb();

    return a.exec();
}

//main.cpp

#include <QtNetwork>
#include <iostream>
#include <QFile>

class TestNet : public QObject
{
    Q_OBJECT
public:
    QNetworkAccessManager *m_manager = NULL;
    QNetworkRequest *m_request = NULL;

    //訪問網站
    void GetWeb()
    {
        //建立新對象
        m_manager = new QNetworkAccessManager();
        m_request = new QNetworkRequest(QUrl("https://gitee.com/"));

        //設置SSL連接
        QSslConfiguration config;
        QSslConfiguration conf = m_request->sslConfiguration();
        conf.setPeerVerifyMode(QSslSocket::VerifyNone);
        conf.setProtocol(QSsl::TlsV1SslV3);
        m_request->setSslConfiguration(conf);

        //連接槽
        QObject::connect(m_manager,&QNetworkAccessManager::finished,this,&TestNet::GetWebFinished);

        //發送Get請求
        m_manager->get(*m_request);
    }

    //訪問後做的操作
    void GetWebFinished(QNetworkReply *reply)
    {
        //轉換爲utf-8編碼，這樣就可以顯示中文了
        QTextCodec *codec = QTextCodec::codecForName("utf8");
        QString getData = codec->toUnicode(reply->readAll());

        //獲取Cookies
        if(reply->hasRawHeader("Set-Cookie"))
        {
            QByteArray cookie = reply->rawHeader("Set-Cookie");
            std::cout<<cookie.toStdString();
        }

    }

};

//TestNet.h

發送Cookies:

首先我們先看一下用Fiddler抓包軟件截取的Http請求包。

POST https://gitee.com/check_user_login HTTP/1.1
Host: gitee.com
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:75.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/75.0
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Referer: https://gitee.com/login
X-CSRF-Token: GbYJaqAJEXGRYoNtYXUlzdw06JNrqC1FGO7wJO8L+J8=
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8
X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest
Content-Length: 22
Origin: https://gitee.com
Connection: keep-alive
Cookie: user_locale=zh-CN; oschina_new_user=false; Hm_lvt_24f17767262929947cc3631f99bfd274=1587994350,1587994363,1587994651,1587995075; remote_way=http; gitee-session-n=cVdXY3BBSG91a2JSWXRsR0gybVNZTXB6UUZoZU11dzdnNERRVjJNUmRSUzQ0NzZ5YkFHNjM5cG1Lbk82RHYrclVaQzRURjZIbFRsSGkybm1FQmdVR1M2dFJPZmhFdXNCK0JrRk9DVEVBQXdnVXF2V2tuYWw3aXRURUlEWkV6aXc0VUlwRGtJb1dCd0g2NFVxeW1IMC9MSHU2dnJHck1kY213ZEdDcWFFOU1OZTZtTWdKN1VkYVNTdGxVaUpIMUtpLS02K0Z1VzBFOHQyQ1FXWXpSYlhSZEVBPT0%3D--631c43af162f79e53290d6e86ac1ada72f92ffed; tz=Asia%2FShanghai; Hm_lpvt_24f17767262929947cc3631f99bfd274=1587995076

這是我在登陸Gitee網站時瀏覽器發出的POST請求頭，那麼請問，這個請求頭中有多少個cookie？

答案是：有7個（有多少個等號就有多少個cookie，每個cookie用 ; 分隔開來）

至少按照Qt的方式是這樣理解的（狗頭）

所以，我們一般叫這玩意作：cookies

而每一個cookie有兩個基本屬性，等號之前的屬性名稱爲“name”，等號後面的屬性爲“value”；

代碼如下：

#include <QCoreApplication>
#include "TestNet.h"

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    QCoreApplication a(argc, argv);

    TestNet One;
    One.GetWeb();

    return a.exec();
}

//main.cpp

#include <QtNetwork>
#include <iostream>
#include <QFile>

class TestNet : public QObject
{
    Q_OBJECT
public:
    QNetworkAccessManager *m_manager = NULL;
    QNetworkRequest *m_request = NULL;
    QList<QNetworkCookie> Web_cookies;  //這麼做的意圖很明顯了吧，QNetworkCookie是每一個cookie，QList是cookies

    //訪問網站
    void GetWeb()
    {
        //建立新對象
        m_manager = new QNetworkAccessManager();
        m_request = new QNetworkRequest(QUrl("https://gitee.com/"));

        //設置SSL連接
        QSslConfiguration config;
        QSslConfiguration conf = m_request->sslConfiguration();
        conf.setPeerVerifyMode(QSslSocket::VerifyNone);
        conf.setProtocol(QSsl::TlsV1SslV3);
        m_request->setSslConfiguration(conf);

        //設置cookies
        Web_cookies.push_back(QNetworkCookie("Name","Value"));
        Web_cookies.push_back(QNetworkCookie("Test","Net"));

        //向請求頭裏加入cookies
        QVariant var;
        var.setValue(Web_cookies);
        m_request->setHeader(QNetworkRequest::CookieHeader,var);

        //連接槽
        QObject::connect(m_manager,&QNetworkAccessManager::finished,this,&TestNet::GetWebFinished);

        //發送Get請求
        m_manager->get(*m_request);
    }

    //訪問後做的操作
    void GetWebFinished(QNetworkReply *reply)
    {
        //NULL
    }

};

//TestNet.h

然後呢，發送的Http請求頭如下：

GET https://gitee.com/ HTTP/1.1
Host: gitee.com
Cookie: Name=Value; Test=Net
Connection: Keep-Alive
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Accept-Language: zh-CN,en,*
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0

有什麼問題就不要留言了，不是我無情，而是我是“全宿制”學生黨，我也很無奈。

參考：

轉載於原文：Qt網絡編程之使用cookie