單片機輸出pwm波在項目中是恨常用的一個功能,今天就總結一下用STM32F103C8T6單片機輸出16路 pwm波。
使用keil5軟件,用標準庫函數來實現。
首先看定時器初始化
void TIM1_PWM_Init(u16 arr, u16 psc)
{
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
TIM_TimeBaseInitTypeDef TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure;
TIM_OCInitTypeDef TIM_OCInitSturcture;
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA | RCC_APB2Periph_TIM1, ENABLE);
//初始化IO口
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_8 | GPIO_Pin_9 | GPIO_Pin_10 | GPIO_Pin_11;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);
//設置 TIM ARR PSC
TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure.TIM_Period = arr;
TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure.TIM_Prescaler = psc;
TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure.TIM_ClockDivision = TIM_CKD_DIV1;
TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure.TIM_CounterMode = TIM_CounterMode_Up; //向上計數模式
TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure.TIM_RepetitionCounter = 0x00;
TIM_TimeBaseInit(TIM1, &TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure);
//TIM1_CH1 PWM1 模式
TIM_OCInitSturcture.TIM_OCMode = TIM_OCMode_PWM1;
TIM_OCInitSturcture.TIM_OutputState = TIM_OutputState_Enable;
TIM_OCInitSturcture.TIM_OCPolarity = TIM_OCPolarity_High; //輸出高電平有效
TIM_OC1Init(TIM1, &TIM_OCInitSturcture);
//TIM1_CH2 PWM1 模式
TIM_OCInitSturcture.TIM_OCMode = TIM_OCMode_PWM1;
TIM_OCInitSturcture.TIM_OutputState = TIM_OutputState_Enable;
TIM_OCInitSturcture.TIM_OCPolarity = TIM_OCPolarity_High;
TIM_OC2Init(TIM1, &TIM_OCInitSturcture);
//TIM1_CH3 PWM2 模式
TIM_OCInitSturcture.TIM_OCMode = TIM_OCMode_PWM1;
TIM_OCInitSturcture.TIM_OutputState = TIM_OutputState_Enable;
TIM_OCInitSturcture.TIM_OCPolarity = TIM_OCPolarity_High;
TIM_OC3Init(TIM1, &TIM_OCInitSturcture);
//TIM1_CH4 PWM2 模式
TIM_OCInitSturcture.TIM_OCMode = TIM_OCMode_PWM1;
TIM_OCInitSturcture.TIM_OutputState = TIM_OutputState_Enable;
TIM_OCInitSturcture.TIM_OCPolarity = TIM_OCPolarity_High;
TIM_OC4Init(TIM1, &TIM_OCInitSturcture);
TIM_OC1PreloadConfig(TIM1, TIM_OCPreload_Enable); //TIM1_CH1 使能預裝載寄存器
TIM_OC2PreloadConfig(TIM1, TIM_OCPreload_Enable); //TIM1_CH2 使能預裝載寄存器
TIM_OC3PreloadConfig(TIM1, TIM_OCPreload_Enable); //TIM1_CH3 使能預裝載寄存器
TIM_OC4PreloadConfig(TIM1, TIM_OCPreload_Enable); //TIM1_CH4 使能預裝載寄存器
TIM_Cmd(TIM1, ENABLE); //使能計數器
TIM_CtrlPWMOutputs(TIM1, ENABLE); //主輸出使能
}
初始化定時1的4個通道,對應IO口爲 PA8,PA9,PA10,PA11,將這4個口都設置爲PWM輸出口。入口參數arr用來設置定時器的自動重裝載值,psc用於設置時鐘分頻係數。時鐘默認爲72MHZ。
下來初始化定時器2
void TIM2_PWM_Init(u16 arr, u16 psc)
{
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
TIM_TimeBaseInitTypeDef TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure;
TIM_OCInitTypeDef TIM_OCInitStructure;
RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_TIM2, ENABLE); //使能定時器2時鐘
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA , ENABLE); //使能GPIO時鐘
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_0|GPIO_Pin_1 | GPIO_Pin_2 | GPIO_Pin_3;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);
//初始化TIM2
TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure.TIM_Period = arr;
TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure.TIM_Prescaler = psc;
TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure.TIM_ClockDivision = TIM_CKD_DIV1;
TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure.TIM_CounterMode = TIM_CounterMode_Up;
TIM_TimeBaseInit(TIM2, &TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure);
//初始化TIM2_CH1 PWM 模式
TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OCMode = TIM_OCMode_PWM1;
TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OutputState = TIM_OutputState_Enable;
TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OCPolarity = TIM_OCPolarity_High;
TIM_OC1Init(TIM2, &TIM_OCInitStructure);
//初始化TIM2_CH2 PWM 模式
TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OCMode = TIM_OCMode_PWM1;
TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OutputState = TIM_OutputState_Enable;
TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OCPolarity = TIM_OCPolarity_High;
TIM_OC2Init(TIM2, &TIM_OCInitStructure);
//初始化TIM2_CH3 PWM 模式
TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OCMode = TIM_OCMode_PWM1;
TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OutputState = TIM_OutputState_Enable;
TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OCPolarity = TIM_OCPolarity_High;
TIM_OC3Init(TIM2, &TIM_OCInitStructure);
//初始化TIM2_CH4 PWM 模式
TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OCMode = TIM_OCMode_PWM1;
TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OutputState = TIM_OutputState_Enable;
TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OCPolarity = TIM_OCPolarity_High;
TIM_OC4Init(TIM2, &TIM_OCInitStructure);
//使能TIM2在CCR上的預裝載寄存器
TIM_OC1PreloadConfig(TIM2, TIM_OCPreload_Enable);
TIM_OC2PreloadConfig(TIM2, TIM_OCPreload_Enable);
TIM_OC3PreloadConfig(TIM2, TIM_OCPreload_Enable);
TIM_OC4PreloadConfig(TIM2, TIM_OCPreload_Enable);
//使能TIM2
TIM_Cmd(TIM2, ENABLE);
}
這裏要注意的是,定時器1是高級定時器,定時器2、3、4是通用定時器。只有高級定時器有重複計數寄存器,而通過定時器沒有重複計數寄存器。定時器2初始化時,比定時器1少一行代碼,這裏要注意一下。
TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure.TIM_RepetitionCounter = 0x00;
重複計數寄存器主要作用如下:
其餘設置方法和定時器1基本一樣,定時器2的4個通道對應的IO口爲PA0,PA1,PA2,PA3.將這四個口設置爲PWM輸出模式。
入口參數arr用來設置定時器的自動重裝載值,psc用於設置時鐘分頻係數。時鐘默認爲72MHZ。
下來設置定時器3
void TIM3_PWM_Init(u16 arr, u16 psc)
{
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
TIM_TimeBaseInitTypeDef TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure;
TIM_OCInitTypeDef TIM_OCInitStructure;
RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_TIM3, ENABLE); //使能定時器3時鐘
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA | RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOB, ENABLE); //使能GPIO時鐘
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_6 | GPIO_Pin_7;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_0 | GPIO_Pin_1;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStructure);
//初始化TIM3
TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure.TIM_Period = arr;
TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure.TIM_Prescaler = psc;
TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure.TIM_ClockDivision = TIM_CKD_DIV1;
TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure.TIM_CounterMode = TIM_CounterMode_Up;
TIM_TimeBaseInit(TIM3, &TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure);
//初始化TIM3_CH1 PWM 模式
TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OCMode = TIM_OCMode_PWM1;
TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OutputState = TIM_OutputState_Enable;
TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OCPolarity = TIM_OCPolarity_High;
TIM_OC1Init(TIM3, &TIM_OCInitStructure);
//初始化TIM3_CH2 PWM 模式
TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OCMode = TIM_OCMode_PWM1;
TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OutputState = TIM_OutputState_Enable;
TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OCPolarity = TIM_OCPolarity_High;
TIM_OC2Init(TIM3, &TIM_OCInitStructure);
//初始化TIM3_CH3 PWM 模式
TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OCMode = TIM_OCMode_PWM1;
TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OutputState = TIM_OutputState_Enable;
TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OCPolarity = TIM_OCPolarity_High;
TIM_OC3Init(TIM3, &TIM_OCInitStructure);
//初始化TIM3_CH4 PWM 模式
TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OCMode = TIM_OCMode_PWM1;
TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OutputState = TIM_OutputState_Enable;
TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OCPolarity = TIM_OCPolarity_High;
TIM_OC4Init(TIM3, &TIM_OCInitStructure);
//使能TIM3在CCR上的預裝載寄存器
TIM_OC1PreloadConfig(TIM3, TIM_OCPreload_Enable);
TIM_OC2PreloadConfig(TIM3, TIM_OCPreload_Enable);
TIM_OC3PreloadConfig(TIM3, TIM_OCPreload_Enable);
TIM_OC4PreloadConfig(TIM3, TIM_OCPreload_Enable);
//使能TIM3
TIM_Cmd(TIM3, ENABLE);
}
設置方法和定時器2一樣,定時器3的4個通道對應的IO口爲PA6,PA7,PB0,PB1。將這四個口設置爲PWM輸出模式。
入口參數arr用來設置定時器的自動重裝載值,psc用於設置時鐘分頻係數。時鐘默認爲72MHZ。
最後設置定時器4
void TIM4_PWM_Init(u16 arr, u16 psc)
{
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
TIM_TimeBaseInitTypeDef TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure;
TIM_OCInitTypeDef TIM_OCInitStructure;
RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_TIM4, ENABLE); //使能定時器4時鐘
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOB , ENABLE); //使能GPIO時鐘
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_6|GPIO_Pin_7 | GPIO_Pin_8 | GPIO_Pin_9;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStructure);
//初始化TIM4
TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure.TIM_Period = arr;
TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure.TIM_Prescaler = psc;
TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure.TIM_ClockDivision = TIM_CKD_DIV1;
TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure.TIM_CounterMode = TIM_CounterMode_Up;
TIM_TimeBaseInit(TIM4, &TIM_TimeBaseInitStructure);
//初始化TIM4_CH1 PWM 模式
TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OCMode = TIM_OCMode_PWM1;
TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OutputState = TIM_OutputState_Enable;
TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OCPolarity = TIM_OCPolarity_High;
TIM_OC1Init(TIM4, &TIM_OCInitStructure);
//初始化TIM4_CH2 PWM 模式
TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OCMode = TIM_OCMode_PWM1;
TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OutputState = TIM_OutputState_Enable;
TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OCPolarity = TIM_OCPolarity_High;
TIM_OC2Init(TIM4, &TIM_OCInitStructure);
//初始化TIM4_CH3 PWM 模式
TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OCMode = TIM_OCMode_PWM1;
TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OutputState = TIM_OutputState_Enable;
TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OCPolarity = TIM_OCPolarity_High;
TIM_OC3Init(TIM4, &TIM_OCInitStructure);
//初始化TIM4_CH4 PWM 模式
TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OCMode = TIM_OCMode_PWM1;
TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OutputState = TIM_OutputState_Enable;
TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OCPolarity = TIM_OCPolarity_High;
TIM_OC4Init(TIM4, &TIM_OCInitStructure);
//使能TIM4在CCR上的預裝載寄存器
TIM_OC1PreloadConfig(TIM4, TIM_OCPreload_Enable);
TIM_OC2PreloadConfig(TIM4, TIM_OCPreload_Enable);
TIM_OC3PreloadConfig(TIM4, TIM_OCPreload_Enable);
TIM_OC4PreloadConfig(TIM4, TIM_OCPreload_Enable);
//使能TIM4
TIM_Cmd(TIM4, ENABLE);
}
設置方法和定時器2一樣,定時器4的4個通道對應的IO口爲PB6,PB7,PB8,PB9。將這四個口設置爲PWM輸出模式。
入口參數arr用來設置定時器的自動重裝載值,psc用於設置時鐘分頻係數。時鐘默認爲72MHZ。
這樣總共16路的PWM初始化就完成了,下來看主函數設置
#include "sys.h"
#include "delay.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "pwm.h"
int main(void)
{
u16 led_pwm_val = 0;
delay_init(); //延時函數初始化
NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_2);
//不分頻。PWM頻率=72000000/9000=8Khz
TIM1_PWM_Init(8999, 0);
TIM2_PWM_Init(8999, 0);
TIM3_PWM_Init(8999, 0);
TIM4_PWM_Init(8999, 0);
led_pwm_val = 899;
while(1)
{
if(led_pwm_val < 8999)
led_pwm_val++;
else
led_pwm_val = 0;
TIM_SetCompare1(TIM1, led_pwm_val); //TIM1_CH1 PA8
TIM_SetCompare2(TIM1, led_pwm_val); //TIM1_CH2 PA9
TIM_SetCompare3(TIM1, led_pwm_val); //TIM1_CH3 PA10
TIM_SetCompare4(TIM1, led_pwm_val); //TIM1_CH4 PA11
TIM_SetCompare1(TIM2, led_pwm_val); //TIM2_CH1 PA0
TIM_SetCompare2(TIM2, led_pwm_val); //TIM2_CH2 PA1
TIM_SetCompare3(TIM2, led_pwm_val); //TIM2_CH3 PA2
TIM_SetCompare4(TIM2, led_pwm_val); //TIM2_CH4 PA3
TIM_SetCompare1(TIM3, led_pwm_val); //TIM3_CH1 PA6
TIM_SetCompare2(TIM3, led_pwm_val); //TIM3_CH2 PA7
TIM_SetCompare3(TIM3, led_pwm_val); //TIM3_CH3 PB0
TIM_SetCompare4(TIM3, led_pwm_val); //TIM3_CH4 PB1
TIM_SetCompare1(TIM4, led_pwm_val); //TIM4_CH1 PB6
TIM_SetCompare2(TIM4, led_pwm_val); //TIM4_CH2 PB7
TIM_SetCompare3(TIM4, led_pwm_val); //TIM4_CH3 PB8
TIM_SetCompare4(TIM4, led_pwm_val); //TIM4_CH4 PB9
delay_ms(1);
}
}
初始化時設置4個定時器的頻率爲8K,在while循環中調節佔空比從0---100%變化。程序編譯後燒寫到單片機中,通過示波器就能觀察到PWM波形變化了。
這裏先用軟件仿真看一下效果