手把手教你路由器靜態路由配置

實驗背景

學校有新舊兩個校區，每個校區是一個獨立的局域網，爲了使新舊校區能夠正常相互通訊，共享資源。每個校區出口利用一臺路由器進行連接，兩臺路由器間學校申請了一條 2M的 DDN 專線進行相連，要求做適當配置實現兩個校區的正常相互訪問。

技術原理

路由器屬於網絡層設備，能夠根據 IP 包頭的信息，選擇一條最佳路徑，將數據包轉發出去。實現不同網段的主機之間的互相訪問。路由器是根據路由表進行選路和轉發的。而路由表裏就是由一條條路由信息組成。

生成路由表主要有兩種方法：手工配置和動態配置，即靜態路由協議配置和動態路由協議配置。

靜態路由是指有網絡管理員手工配置的路由信息。

靜態路由除了具有簡單、高效、可靠的優點外，它的另一個好處是網絡安全保密性高。缺省路由可以看做是靜態路由的一種特殊情況。當數據在查找路由表時，沒有找到和目標相匹配的路由表項時，爲數據指定路由。

實驗步驟

新建 packet tracer 拓撲圖

（1）在路由器 R1、R2 上配置接口的 IP 地址和 R1 串口上的時鐘頻率
（2）查看路由器生成的直連路由
（3）在路由器 R1、R2 上配置靜態路由
（4）驗證 R1、R2 上的靜態路由配置
（5）將 PC1、PC2 主機默認網關分別設置爲路由器接口 fa 1/0 的 IP 地址
（6）PC1、PC2 主機之間可以相互通信

實驗設備

pc 2 臺；Router-PT 可擴展路由 2 臺（Router_2811 無 V.35 線接口）；Switch_2960 2 臺；
DCE 串口線；直連線；交叉線

PC1

IP: 192.168.1.2
Submask: 255.255.255.0
Gateway: 192.168.1.1

PC2

IP: 192.168.2.2
Submask: 255.255.255.0
Gateway: 192.168.2.1

R1

en
conf t
hostname R1
int fa 1/0
no shut
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
exit
int serial 2/0
no shut
ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
clock rate 64000 #必須配置時鐘速率纔可通信，單位爲bps，bps比特率是指每秒傳送的比特(bit)數。單位爲 bps(Bit Per Second)，比特率越高，每秒傳送數據就越多。
end

R2

en
conf t
hostname R2
int fa 1/0
no shut

ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
exit
int serial 2/0
ip address 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0
no shut
end

R1

en
conf t
ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.2
end
show ip route

R2

en
conf t
ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1
end
show ip route
<以上代碼可複製粘貼，可往左滑>

實戰演練

配置路由器

R1

Continue with configuration dialog? [yes/no]: no


Press RETURN to get started!

Router>en
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#hostname R1
R1(config)#int fa 1/0
R1(config-if)#no shut

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to up

R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#int serial 2/0
R1(config-if)#no shut

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to down
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#clock rate 64000
R1(config-if)#end
R1#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

R1#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up

R2

Continue with configuration dialog? [yes/no]: no


Press RETURN to get started!


Router>en
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#hostname R2
R2(config)#int fa 1/0
R2(config-if)#no shut

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to up

R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#int serial 2/0
R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shut

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up

R2(config-if)#end
R2#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

R2#
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up

R2#

添加路由

R1

R1>en
R1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.2
R1(config)#end
R1#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

R1#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
S 192.168.2.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.3.2
C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/0
R1#

R2

R2>en
R2#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R2(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1
R2(config)#end
R2#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

R2#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

S 192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.3.1
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/0

R2#
<以上代碼可複製粘貼，可往左滑>

測 試

PC1 ping PC2

PC>ipconfig

IP Address......................: 192.168.1.2
Subnet Mask.....................: 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway.................: 192.168.1.1

PC>ping 192.168.2.2

Pinging 192.168.2.2 with 32 bytes of data:

Request timed out.
Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=28ms TTL=126
Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=25ms TTL=126
Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=27ms TTL=126

Ping statistics for 192.168.2.2:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 3, Lost = 1 (25% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 25ms, Maximum = 28ms, Average = 26ms

PC>ping 192.168.2.2

Pinging 192.168.2.2 with 32 bytes of data:

Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=28ms TTL=126
Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=29ms TTL=126
Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=33ms TTL=126
Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=29ms TTL=126

Ping statistics for 192.168.2.2:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 28ms, Maximum = 33ms, Average = 29ms

PC2 ping PC1

PC>ipconfig

IP Address......................: 192.168.2.2
Subnet Mask.....................: 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway.................: 192.168.2.1

PC>ping 192.168.1.2

Pinging 192.168.1.2 with 32 bytes of data:

Reply from 192.168.1.2: bytes=32 time=26ms TTL=126
Reply from 192.168.1.2: bytes=32 time=27ms TTL=126
Reply from 192.168.1.2: bytes=32 time=28ms TTL=126
Reply from 192.168.1.2: bytes=32 time=24ms TTL=126

Ping statistics for 192.168.1.2:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 24ms, Maximum = 28ms, Average = 26ms
<以上代碼可複製粘貼，可往左滑>

總 結

有關路由器靜態路由配置到此結束，希望對大家有幫助！

參考鏈接 ：

手把手教你路由器靜態路由配置 https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/vNhXnOiskB6a5b5UL8UlQg