Webbench 簡單介紹
Webench是一款輕量級的網站測壓工具,最多可以對網站模擬3w左右的併發請求,可以控制時間、是否使用緩存、是否等待服務器回覆等等,且對中小型網站有明顯的效果,基本上可以測出中小型網站的承受能力,對於大型的網站如百度、淘寶這些巨型網站則沒有太大意義,因爲大型網站的承受能力非常大。同時測試結果也受自身網速、以及自身主機的性能與內存的限制,性能好、內存大的主機可以模擬的併發就明顯要多(主要還是該測試方法主要使用fork多進程進行測試)。
Webbench能測試處在相同硬件上,不同服務的性能以及不同硬件上同一個服務的運行狀況。webbench的標準測試可以向我們展示服務器的兩項內容:每秒鐘相應請求數和每秒鐘傳輸數據量。webbench不但能具有便準靜態頁面的測試能力,還能對動態頁面(ASP,PHP,JAVA,CGI)進 行測試的能力。還有就是他支持對含有SSL的安全網站例如電子商務網站進行靜態或動態的性能測試。
Webbench 實現的核心原理
Webbench實現的核心原理是:
- 父進程fork若干個子進程,每個子進程在用戶要求時間或默認的時間內對目標web循環發出實際訪問請求,父子進程通過管道進行通信,子進程通過管道寫端向父進程傳遞在若干次請求訪問完畢後記錄到的總信息,父進程通過管道讀端讀取子進程發來的相關信息,子進程在時間到後結束,父進程在所有子進程退出後統計並給用戶顯示最後的測試結果,然後退出。
Webbench 源代碼
socket.c
/* $Id: socket.c 1.1 1995/01/01 07:11:14 cthuang Exp $
*
* This module has been modified by Radim Kolar for OS/2 emx
*/
/***********************************************************************
module: socket.c
program: popclient
SCCS ID: @(#)socket.c 1.5 4/1/94
programmer: Virginia Tech Computing Center
compiler: DEC RISC C compiler (Ultrix 4.1)
environment: DEC Ultrix 4.3
description: UNIX sockets code.
***********************************************************************/
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
int Socket(const char *host, int clientPort)
{
int sock;
unsigned long inaddr;
struct sockaddr_in ad;
struct hostent *hp;
memset(&ad, 0, sizeof(ad));
ad.sin_family = AF_INET;
//將host字符串轉換成點分十進制的IP地址,
//字符串不是合法的IP地址,則返回INADDR_NONE
inaddr = inet_addr(host);
if (inaddr != INADDR_NONE) //轉換成功,
memcpy(&ad.sin_addr, &inaddr, sizeof(inaddr));
else
{
//轉換失敗,表示host是一個域名,通過gethostbyname()函數獲取IP地址
hp = gethostbyname(host);
if (hp == NULL)
return -1;
memcpy(&ad.sin_addr, hp->h_addr, hp->h_length);
}
ad.sin_port = htons(clientPort);
//創建socket套接字
sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (sock < 0)
return sock;
if (connect(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&ad, sizeof(ad)) < 0)//建立連接
return -1;
return sock;
}
webbench.c
/*
* (C) Radim Kolar 1997-2004
* This is free software, see GNU Public License version 2 for
* details.
*
* Simple forking WWW Server benchmark:
*
* Usage:
* webbench --help
*
* Return codes:
* 0 - sucess
* 1 - benchmark failed (server is not on-line)
* 2 - bad param
* 3 - internal error, fork failed
*
*/
#include "socket.c"
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <rpc/types.h>
#include <getopt.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <signal.h>
/* values */
volatile int timerexpired=0;
int speed=0;
int failed=0;
int bytes=0;
/* globals */
//所用http協議版本
int http10=1; /* 0 - http/0.9, 1 - http/1.0, 2 - http/1.1 */
/* Allow: GET, HEAD, OPTIONS, TRACE */
//http請求方式
#define METHOD_GET 0
#define METHOD_HEAD 1
#define METHOD_OPTIONS 2
#define METHOD_TRACE 3
#define PROGRAM_VERSION "1.5"
//相關參數選項的默認值
int method=METHOD_GET;
int clients=1;
int force=0; //默認需要等待服務器響應
int force_reload=0; //默認不重新發送請求
int proxyport=80; //默認訪問80端口,http測試慣例
char *proxyhost=NULL; //默認無代理服務器,因此初值爲空
int benchtime=30; //默認模擬請求時間
/* internal */
//用於父子進程通信的管道
int mypipe[2];
//存放目標服務器的網絡地址
char host[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
//存放請求報文的字節流
#define REQUEST_SIZE 2048
char request[REQUEST_SIZE];
//構造長選項和短選項的對應
static const struct option long_options[]=
{
{"force",no_argument,&force,1},
{"reload",no_argument,&force_reload,1},
{"time",required_argument,NULL,'t'},
{"help",no_argument,NULL,'?'},
{"http09",no_argument,NULL,'9'},
{"http10",no_argument,NULL,'1'},
{"http11",no_argument,NULL,'2'},
{"get",no_argument,&method,METHOD_GET},
{"head",no_argument,&method,METHOD_HEAD},
{"options",no_argument,&method,METHOD_OPTIONS},
{"trace",no_argument,&method,METHOD_TRACE},
{"version",no_argument,NULL,'V'},
{"proxy",required_argument,NULL,'p'},
{"clients",required_argument,NULL,'c'},
{NULL,0,NULL,0}
};
/* prototypes */
static void benchcore(const char* host,const int port, const char *request);
static int bench(void);
static void build_request(const char *url);
static void alarm_handler(int signal)
{
timerexpired=1;
}
static void usage(void)
{
fprintf(stderr,
"webbench [option]... URL\n"
" -f|--force Don't wait for reply from server.\n"
" -r|--reload Send reload request - Pragma: no-cache.\n"
" -t|--time <sec> Run benchmark for <sec> seconds. Default 30.\n"
" -p|--proxy <server:port> Use proxy server for request.\n"
" -c|--clients <n> Run <n> HTTP clients at once. Default one.\n"
" -9|--http09 Use HTTP/0.9 style requests.\n"
" -1|--http10 Use HTTP/1.0 protocol.\n"
" -2|--http11 Use HTTP/1.1 protocol.\n"
" --get Use GET request method.\n"
" --head Use HEAD request method.\n"
" --options Use OPTIONS request method.\n"
" --trace Use TRACE request method.\n"
" -?|-h|--help This information.\n"
" -V|--version Display program version.\n"
);
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int opt=0;
int options_index=0;
char *tmp=NULL;
if(argc==1)
{
usage();
return 2;
}
while((opt=getopt_long(argc,argv,"912Vfrt:p:c:?h",long_options,&options_index))!=EOF )
{
switch(opt)
{
case 0 : break;
case 'f': force=1;break;
case 'r': force_reload=1;break;
case '9': http10=0;break;
case '1': http10=1;break;
case '2': http10=2;break;
case 'V': printf(PROGRAM_VERSION"\n");exit(0);
case 't': benchtime=atoi(optarg);break;
case 'p':
/* proxy server parsing server:port */
tmp=strrchr(optarg,':');
proxyhost=optarg;
if(tmp==NULL)
{
break;
}
if(tmp==optarg)
{
fprintf(stderr,"Error in option --proxy %s: Missing hostname.\n",optarg);
return 2;
}
if(tmp==optarg+strlen(optarg)-1)
{
fprintf(stderr,"Error in option --proxy %s Port number is missing.\n",optarg);
return 2;
}
*tmp='\0';
proxyport=atoi(tmp+1);break;
case ':':
case 'h':
case '?': usage();return 2;break;
case 'c': clients=atoi(optarg);break;
}
}
if(optind==argc) { //缺少待測試的URL
fprintf(stderr,"webbench: Missing URL!\n");
usage();
return 2;
}
if(clients==0) clients=1;
if(benchtime==0) benchtime=30;
/* Copyright */
fprintf(stderr,"Webbench - Simple Web Benchmark "PROGRAM_VERSION"\n"
"Copyright (c) Radim Kolar 1997-2004, GPL Open Source Software.\n"
);
build_request(argv[optind]);//解析URL
// print request info ,do it in function build_request
/*printf("Benchmarking: ");
switch(method)
{
case METHOD_GET:
default:
printf("GET");break;
case METHOD_OPTIONS:
printf("OPTIONS");break;
case METHOD_HEAD:
printf("HEAD");break;
case METHOD_TRACE:
printf("TRACE");break;
}
printf(" %s",argv[optind]);
switch(http10)
{
case 0: printf(" (using HTTP/0.9)");break;
case 2: printf(" (using HTTP/1.1)");break;
}
printf("\n");
*/
printf("Runing info: ");
if(clients==1)
printf("1 client");
else
printf("%d clients",clients);
printf(", running %d sec", benchtime);
if(force) printf(", early socket close");
if(proxyhost!=NULL) printf(", via proxy server %s:%d",proxyhost,proxyport);
if(force_reload) printf(", forcing reload");
printf(".\n");
return bench();//創建子進程進行測試
}
void build_request(const char *url)
{
char tmp[10];
int i;
//bzero(host,MAXHOSTNAMELEN);
//bzero(request,REQUEST_SIZE);
memset(host,0,MAXHOSTNAMELEN);
memset(request,0,REQUEST_SIZE);
if(force_reload && proxyhost!=NULL && http10<1) http10=1;
if(method==METHOD_HEAD && http10<1) http10=1;
if(method==METHOD_OPTIONS && http10<2) http10=2;
if(method==METHOD_TRACE && http10<2) http10=2;
switch(method)
{
default:
case METHOD_GET: strcpy(request,"GET");break;
case METHOD_HEAD: strcpy(request,"HEAD");break;
case METHOD_OPTIONS: strcpy(request,"OPTIONS");break;
case METHOD_TRACE: strcpy(request,"TRACE");break;
}
strcat(request," ");
if(NULL==strstr(url,"://"))
{
fprintf(stderr, "\n%s: is not a valid URL.\n",url);
exit(2);
}
if(strlen(url)>1500)
{
fprintf(stderr,"URL is too long.\n");
exit(2);
}
if (0!=strncasecmp("http://",url,7))
{
fprintf(stderr,"\nOnly HTTP protocol is directly supported, set --proxy for others.\n");
exit(2);
}
/* protocol/host delimiter */
i=strstr(url,"://")-url+3;
if(strchr(url+i,'/')==NULL) {
fprintf(stderr,"\nInvalid URL syntax - hostname don't ends with '/'.\n");
exit(2);
}
if(proxyhost==NULL)
{
/* get port from hostname */
if(index(url+i,':')!=NULL && index(url+i,':')<index(url+i,'/'))
{
strncpy(host,url+i,strchr(url+i,':')-url-i);
//bzero(tmp,10);
memset(tmp,0,10);
strncpy(tmp,index(url+i,':')+1,strchr(url+i,'/')-index(url+i,':')-1);
/* printf("tmp=%s\n",tmp); */
proxyport=atoi(tmp);
if(proxyport==0) proxyport=80;
}
else
{
strncpy(host,url+i,strcspn(url+i,"/"));
}
// printf("Host=%s\n",host);
strcat(request+strlen(request),url+i+strcspn(url+i,"/"));
}
else
{
// printf("ProxyHost=%s\nProxyPort=%d\n",proxyhost,proxyport);
strcat(request,url);
}
if(http10==1)
strcat(request," HTTP/1.0");
else if (http10==2)
strcat(request," HTTP/1.1");
strcat(request,"\r\n");
if(http10>0)
strcat(request,"User-Agent: WebBench "PROGRAM_VERSION"\r\n");
if(proxyhost==NULL && http10>0)
{
strcat(request,"Host: ");
strcat(request,host);
strcat(request,"\r\n");
}
if(force_reload && proxyhost!=NULL)
{
strcat(request,"Pragma: no-cache\r\n");
}
if(http10>1)
strcat(request,"Connection: close\r\n");
/* add empty line at end */
if(http10>0) strcat(request,"\r\n");
printf("\nRequest:\n%s\n",request);
}
/* vraci system rc error kod */
static int bench(void)
{
int i,j,k;
pid_t pid=0;
FILE *f;
/* check avaibility of target server */
i=Socket(proxyhost==NULL?host:proxyhost,proxyport);
if(i<0) {
fprintf(stderr,"\nConnect to server failed. Aborting benchmark.\n");
return 1;
}
close(i);
/* create pipe */
if(pipe(mypipe))
{
perror("pipe failed.");
return 3;
}
/* not needed, since we have alarm() in childrens */
/* wait 4 next system clock tick */
/*
cas=time(NULL);
while(time(NULL)==cas)
sched_yield();
*/
/* fork childs */
for(i=0;i<clients;i++)
{
pid=fork();
if(pid <= (pid_t) 0)
{
/* child process or error*/
sleep(1); /* make childs faster */
break;
}
}
if( pid < (pid_t) 0)
{
fprintf(stderr,"problems forking worker no. %d\n",i);
perror("fork failed.");
return 3;
}
if(pid == (pid_t) 0)
{
/* I am a child */
if(proxyhost==NULL)
benchcore(host,proxyport,request);
else
benchcore(proxyhost,proxyport,request);
/* write results to pipe */
f=fdopen(mypipe[1],"w");
if(f==NULL)
{
perror("open pipe for writing failed.");
return 3;
}
/* fprintf(stderr,"Child - %d %d\n",speed,failed); */
fprintf(f,"%d %d %d\n",speed,failed,bytes);
fclose(f);
return 0;
}
else
{
f=fdopen(mypipe[0],"r");
if(f==NULL)
{
perror("open pipe for reading failed.");
return 3;
}
setvbuf(f,NULL,_IONBF,0);
speed=0;
failed=0;
bytes=0;
while(1)
{
pid=fscanf(f,"%d %d %d",&i,&j,&k);
if(pid<2)
{
fprintf(stderr,"Some of our childrens died.\n");
break;
}
speed+=i;
failed+=j;
bytes+=k;
/* fprintf(stderr,"*Knock* %d %d read=%d\n",speed,failed,pid); */
if(--clients==0) break;
}
fclose(f);
printf("\nSpeed=%d pages/min, %d bytes/sec.\nRequests: %d susceed, %d failed.\n",
(int)((speed+failed)/(benchtime/60.0f)),
(int)(bytes/(float)benchtime),
speed,
failed);
}
return i;
}
void benchcore(const char *host,const int port,const char *req)
{
int rlen;
char buf[1500];
int s,i;
struct sigaction sa;
/* setup alarm signal handler */
sa.sa_handler=alarm_handler;
sa.sa_flags=0;
if(sigaction(SIGALRM,&sa,NULL))
exit(3);
alarm(benchtime); // after benchtime,then exit
rlen=strlen(req);
nexttry:while(1)
{
if(timerexpired)
{
if(failed>0)
{
/* fprintf(stderr,"Correcting failed by signal\n"); */
failed--;
}
return;
}
s=Socket(host,port);
if(s<0) { failed++;continue;}
if(rlen!=write(s,req,rlen)) {failed++;close(s);continue;}
if(http10==0)
if(shutdown(s,1)) { failed++;close(s);continue;}
if(force==0)
{
/* read all available data from socket */
while(1)
{
if(timerexpired) break;
i=read(s,buf,1500);
/* fprintf(stderr,"%d\n",i); */
if(i<0)
{
failed++;
close(s);
goto nexttry;
}
else
if(i==0) break;
else
bytes+=i;
}
}
if(close(s)) {failed++;continue;}
speed++;
}
}
編譯使用方式
從GitHub上下載開源代碼 WebBench
使用:
sudo make && sudo make install PREFIX=your_path_to_webbench
在執行時可使用如下命令行選項:
短參 | 長參數 | 作用 |
---|---|---|
-f | –force | 不需要等待服務器響應 |
-r | –reload | 發送重新加載請求 |
-t | –time | 運行多長時間,單位:秒" |
-p | –proxy server:port | 使用代理服務器來發送請求 |
-c | –clients | 創建多少個客戶端,默認1個" |
-9 | –http09 | 使用 HTTP/0.9 |
-1 | –http10 | 使用 HTTP/1.0 協議 |
-2 | –http11 | 使用 HTTP/1.1 協議 |
–get | 使用 GET請求方法 | |
–head | 使用 HEAD請求方法 | |
–options | 使用 OPTIONS請求方法 | |
–trace | 使用 TRACE請求方法 | |
-?/-h | –help | 打印幫助信息 |
-V | –version | 顯示版本號 |
總結
關於使用方面的總結:
-
1)webbench 做壓力測試時,該軟件自身也會消耗CPU和內存資源,爲了測試準確,請將 webbench 安裝在別的服務器上。
-
2)壓力測試工作應該放到產品上線之前,而不是上線以後
-
3)測試時併發應當由小逐漸加大,比如併發100時觀察一下網站負載是多少、打開頁面是否流暢,併發200時又是多少、網站打開緩慢時併發是多少、網站打不開時併發又是多少;
-
4)更詳細的進行某個頁面測試,如電商網站可以着重測試購物車、推廣頁面等,因爲這些頁面佔整個網站訪問量比重較大。
都說Webbench 是一個可怕的東西,但是可怕在哪些方面呢
-
首先,它僅屬於發送 GET 命令、所以無論是 CDN 還是自身防火牆都不會將它當做是 DDOS 或 CC 看待,也就意味着不會起到防禦的功能。這樣的壓力測試工具還包括有 Apache Bench 等比較常見(只要有 SSH 的網站主機、幾乎都可以使用)
-
解決辦法未必管用,即時你拒絕該測試發起着 IP 的訪問、頂多只是起到了緩解的效果。因爲你的錯誤頁足夠讓它成千上萬的測試數量喫飽喝足。
-
使用過於簡單,對於繁雜且使用人數越來越少的 TFN2K 之類較爲專業的工具、Webbench 只要是一個有 VPS 的小白即可使用,帶寬越大、性能越好的 VPS 可以起到越大的“攻擊”效應