Django中表單Form的使用

在Django中對錶單form的定義涉及三個文件：

1、model.py：
定義form對應到數據庫中的表，如：

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.
from django.db import models


class Student(models.Model):
    SEX_ITEMS = [
        (1, '男'),
        (2, '女'),
        (0, '未知'),
    ]
    STATUS_ITEMS = [
        (0, '申請'),
        (1, '通過'),
        (2, '拒絕'),
    ]
    name = models.CharField(max_length=128, verbose_name="姓名")
    sex = models.IntegerField(choices=SEX_ITEMS, verbose_name="性別")
    profession = models.CharField(max_length=128, verbose_name="專業")
    email = models.EmailField(verbose_name="Email")
    qq = models.CharField(max_length=128, verbose_name="QQ")
    phone = models.CharField(max_length=128, verbose_name="手機號碼")
    status = models.IntegerField(choices=STATUS_ITEMS, default=0, verbose_name="審覈狀態")
    created_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, editable=False, verbose_name="創建時間")

    @property
    def sex_show(self):
        return dict(self.SEX_ITEMS)[self.sex]

    @classmethod
    def get_all(cls):
        return cls.objects.all()

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = verbose_name_plural = "學員信息"

    def __str__(self):
        return '<Student: {}>'.format(self.name)

2、admin.py:
定義form對應的數據在後臺顯示的字段可可編輯字段，如：

from django.contrib import admin

from .models import Student


@admin.register(Student)
class StudentAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ['id', 'name', 'sex', 'profession', 'email', 'qq', 'phone',
                    'status', 'created_time']
    list_filter = ('sex', 'status', 'created_time')
    search_fields = ('name', 'profession')
    fieldsets = (
        (None, {
            'fields': (
                'name',
                ('sex', 'profession'),
                ('email', 'qq', 'phone'),
                'status',
            )
        }),
    )

3、在包含form定義的APP目錄下新建forms.py文件，在該文件中定義form在前臺顯示的字段，同時對前臺提交的字段進行驗證，如：

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from django import forms

import re

from .models import Student


class StudentForm(forms.ModelForm):
    # 增加QQ號必須爲純數字的校驗
    def clean_qq(self):
        cleaned_data = self.cleaned_data['qq']
        if not cleaned_data.isdigit():
            raise forms.ValidationError('必須是數字！')
        return int(cleaned_data)

    # 增加手機號是否合法的驗證
    def clean_phone(self):
        """
        通過正則表達式驗證手機號碼是否合法
        :return: 手機號碼
        """
        mobile = self.cleaned_data['phone']
        mobile_regex = r'^1[34578]\d{9}$'
        p = re.compile(mobile_regex)
        if p.match(mobile):
            return int(mobile)
        else:
            raise forms.ValidationError('請填入有效的手機號碼。', code='invalid mobile')

    class Meta:
        model = Student  # 複用models.py裏面的代碼
        # 前臺顯示可編輯的字段
        fields = (
            'name', 'sex', 'profession',
            'email', 'qq', 'phone'
        )

clean_開頭的函數，django會逐個運行，所以可以在這些函數中對前臺提交的字段數進行驗證。
forms.py中clean開頭的函數執行地方在保存數據到instance的時候：