文章目錄

0x00 前言

心血來潮，學習sql和mysql，光說不練假把式，就在自己的筆記本上面折騰起了mysql的安裝環境，筆記本是arch

0x01 安裝mysql

$ sudo pacman -S mysql

warning: mysql-8.0.19-1 is up to date -- reinstalling
resolving dependencies...
looking for conflicting packages...

Packages (1) mysql-8.0.19-1

Total Installed Size:  194.42 MiB
Net Upgrade Size:        0.00 MiB

:: Proceed with installation? [Y/n] y
(1/1) checking keys in keyring                     [######################] 100%
(1/1) checking package integrity                   [######################] 100%
(1/1) loading package files                        [######################] 100%
(1/1) checking for file conflicts                  [######################] 100%
(1/1) checking available disk space                [######################] 100%
:: Processing package changes...
(1/1) reinstalling mysql                           [######################] 100%
:: Running post-transaction hooks...
(1/3) Reloading system manager configuration...
(2/3) Creating temporary files...
error: command failed to execute correctly
(3/3) Arming ConditionNeedsUpdate...

乍一看沒什麼問題，但是，真正的安裝完成是這樣的：

以下來自 Arch Linux 安裝 MySQL 8.0

正在解決依賴關係...
正在查找軟件包衝突...
 
軟件包 (3) libmysqlclient-8.0.11-1  mysql-clients-8.0.11-1  mysql-8.0.11-1
 
全部安裝大小：  239.58 MiB
 
:: 進行安裝嗎？ [Y/n] 
(3/3) 正在檢查密鑰環裏的密鑰                               [################################] 100%
(3/3) 正在檢查軟件包完整性                                 [################################] 100%
(3/3) 正在加載軟件包文件                                   [################################] 100%
(3/3) 正在檢查文件衝突                                     [################################] 100%
(3/3) 正在檢查可用硬盤空間                                 [################################] 100%
:: 正在處理軟件包的變化...
(1/3) 正在安裝 libmysqlclient                              [################################] 100%
(2/3) 正在安裝 mysql-clients                               [################################] 100%
(3/3) 正在安裝 mysql                                       [################################] 100%
:: You need to initialize the MySQL data directory prior to starting
   the service. This can be done with mysqld --initialize command, e.g.:
   mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql
:: Additionally you should secure your MySQL installation using
   mysql_secure_installation command after starting the mysqld service
:: 正在運行事務後鉤子函數...
(1/3) Reloading system manager configuration...
(2/3) Creating temporary files...
(3/3) Arming ConditionNeedsUpdate...

沒錯，少了一截這個：

:: You need to initialize the MySQL data directory prior to starting
   the service. This can be done with mysqld --initialize command, e.g.:
   mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql
:: Additionally you should secure your MySQL installation using
   mysql_secure_installation command after starting the mysqld service
:: 正在運行事務後鉤子函數...

我當時沒發現，直到執行初始化的時候，開始報警。。。

0x02 初始化

初始化命令

$ sudo mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql

正確的應該是這個樣子的，最後一行是它創建的用戶名root@localhost和密碼gyLkhoMTo2.w，鏈接同上：

2018-07-23T05:14:35.606101Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010915] [Server] 'NO_ZERO_DATE', 'NO_ZERO_IN_DATE' and 'ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO' sql modes should be used with strict mode. They will be merged with strict mode in a future release.
2018-07-23T05:14:35.606432Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.11) initializing of server in progress as process 12937
2018-07-23T05:14:37.530922Z 5 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: gyLkhoMTo2.w

而我的是這個樣子的：

mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libicuuc.so.65: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

問題的原因以及解決，如這篇文章所述，Manjaro安裝mysql提示loading libicuuc.so.65錯誤

提示這一錯誤的原因是Manjaro系統中自帶的libicu版本是64.2，而Mysql默認安裝的是8版本需要libicuuc65版本。這時候去github下載並編譯安裝進系統，並軟鏈接到/usr/lib/目錄下即可

# 安裝libicuuc
$ wget https://github.com/unicode-org/icu/releases/download/release-65-rc/icu4c-65rc-src.tgz
$ tar -zxvf icu4c-65rc-src.tgz
$ cd icu/source
$ ./configure
$ make
$ sudo make install

# 創建軟連接
## icu4c-65rc的默認安裝位置爲/usr/local/lib
$ sudo ln -s /usr/local/lib/libicuuc.so.65 /usr/lib/libicuuc.so.65
$ sudo ln -s /usr/local/lib/libicui18n.so.65 /usr/lib/libicui18n.so.65
$ sudo ln -s /usr/local/lib/libicudata.so.65 /usr/lib/libicudata.so.65

好的，跟我的問題一毛一樣，照搬照抄，繼續執行初始化命令：

$ sudo mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql

結果返回：

mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libevent_core-2.1.so.7: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

我的意大利炮呢！？繼續搞，嘗試下安裝libevent這個包看看能不能解決：

$ sudo pacman -S libevent

繼續執行初始化命令：

$ sudo mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql

結果返回：

mysqld: /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6: version `GLIBCXX_3.4.26' not found (required by mysqld)

搞吧，都搞了一半了，半途而廢不是我的性格，

網絡上查到的原因是系統自帶的lib庫版本太低了，查看命令如下：

$ strings /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6 | grep GLIBCXX
$ ls -alh /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6  # 查看libstdc++.so.6指向哪
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 19 Feb 20 20:29 /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6 -> libstdc++.so.6.0.25

返回，最高3.4.25，很尷尬，mysql需要的是3.4.26：

GLIBCXX_3.4
GLIBCXX_3.4.1
...
GLIBCXX_3.4.23
GLIBCXX_3.4.24
GLIBCXX_3.4.25

想要提高lib庫，需要提高gcc的版本，我的是：

$ gcc --version
gcc (GCC) 8.2.1 20181127
Copyright (C) 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE

接下來是升級GCC的艱難路程

最終的解決思路是：sudo pacman -S gcc
教程傳送門 — > Linux安裝GCC 9.2.0

以下爲gcc安裝，作爲擴展知識，源碼安裝我失敗了，卡在了make

其中，當安裝依賴無反應時，即：./contrib/download_prerequisites沒有任何反饋，可以考慮手動下載依賴包到GCC源碼根目錄。如下：

$ wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/gmp/gmp-6.1.0.tar.bz2
$ wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/mpfr/mpfr-3.1.4.tar.bz2
$ wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/mpc/mpc-1.0.3.tar.gz
$ wget http://gcc.gnu.org/pub/gcc/infrastructure/isl-0.18.tar.bz2

然後：

...
libtool: link: ranlib .libs/libitm.a
libtool: link: ( cd ".libs" && rm -f "libitm.la" && ln -s "../libitm.la" "libitm.la" )
make[4]: Leaving directory '/home/lebhoryi/Software/gcc-9.2.0/gcc-build/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/libitm'
make[3]: Leaving directory '/home/lebhoryi/Software/gcc-9.2.0/gcc-build/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/libitm'
make[2]: Leaving directory '/home/lebhoryi/Software/gcc-9.2.0/gcc-build/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/libitm'
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/lebhoryi/Software/gcc-9.2.0/gcc-build'
make: *** [Makefile:1004: all] Error 2

王德發？！ 我體內的洪荒之力快控制不住了

最後的最後，升級gcc到9.2的命令，簡單但是有效：

$ sudo pacman -Sy gcc
$ gcc --version      
gcc (Arch Linux 9.2.1+20200130-2) 9.2.1 20200130
Copyright (C) 2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

解決GLIBCXX低版本問題，繼續初始化

$ strings /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6 | grep GLIBCXX
GLIBCXX_3.4
GLIBCXX_3.4.1
GLIBCXX_3.4.2
GLIBCXX_3.4.3
GLIBCXX_3.4.4
GLIBCXX_3.4.5
GLIBCXX_3.4.6
GLIBCXX_3.4.7
GLIBCXX_3.4.8
GLIBCXX_3.4.9
GLIBCXX_3.4.10
GLIBCXX_3.4.11
GLIBCXX_3.4.12
GLIBCXX_3.4.13
GLIBCXX_3.4.14
GLIBCXX_3.4.15
GLIBCXX_3.4.16
GLIBCXX_3.4.17
GLIBCXX_3.4.18
GLIBCXX_3.4.19
GLIBCXX_3.4.20
GLIBCXX_3.4.21
GLIBCXX_3.4.22
GLIBCXX_3.4.23
GLIBCXX_3.4.24
GLIBCXX_3.4.25
GLIBCXX_3.4.26
GLIBCXX_3.4.27
GLIBCXX_3.4.28
$ sudo mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql
2020-02-21T11:37:28.689970Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010915] [Server] 'NO_ZERO_DATE', 'NO_ZERO_IN_DATE' and 'ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO' sql modes should be used with strict mode. They will be merged with strict mode in a future release.
2020-02-21T11:37:28.690046Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.19) initializing of server in progress as process 1479
2020-02-21T11:37:28.694041Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010124] [Server] Fatal error: Can't change to run as user 'mysql' ;  Please check that the user exists!
2020-02-21T11:37:28.694054Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-013236] [Server] The designated data directory /var/lib/mysql/ is unusable. You can remove all files that the server added to it.
2020-02-21T11:37:28.694123Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010119] [Server] Aborting
2020-02-21T11:37:28.694270Z 0 [System] [MY-010910] [Server] /usr/bin/mysqld: Shutdown complete (mysqld 8.0.19)  Source distribution.

黑人問號.jpg

經過查詢多方資料，mysql的初始化沒有問題，是我arch中少了這麼個mysql用戶。。。問題在這一句

2020-02-21T11:37:28.694041Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010124] [Server] Fatal error: Can't change to run as user 'mysql' ;  Please check that the user exists!

解決MySQL報錯：Fatal error: Can’t change to run as user ‘mysql’；Please check that the user exists!

$ sudo useradd mysql
# 初始化成功，賬號是root@localhost，密碼是aEHI7*?3RU0l，每個人的賬號密碼不一樣，以輸出爲準
$ sudo mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql
2020-02-21T12:10:08.438121Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010915] [Server] 'NO_ZERO_DATE', 'NO_ZERO_IN_DATE' and 'ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO' sql modes should be used with strict mode. They will be merged with strict mode in a future release.
2020-02-21T12:10:08.438192Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.19) initializing of server in progress as process 9852
2020-02-21T12:10:10.297971Z 5 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: aEHI7*?3RU0l

0x03 開機自啓

$ sudo systemctl enable mysqld.service

0x04 啓動 MySQL 服務

$ sudo systemctl start mysqld.service
# 報錯
Job for mysqld.service failed because the control process exited with error code.
See "systemctl status mysqld.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.

用systemctl status mysqld.service和journalctl -xe查不出任何信息，經上網查證，CentOS 7下MySQL服務啓動失敗的解決思路，解決方式如下：

$ sudo mkdir -p /var/run/mysqld/
$ sudo chown -R mysql:mysql /var/run/mysqld/

繼續運行，成功

$ sudo systemctl start mysqld.service
# 查看 MySQL 服務狀態，激活中
$ sudo systemctl status mysqld.service 
[sudo] password for lebhoryi: 
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: di>
   Active: active (running) since Fri 2020-02-21 20:36:31 CST; 6min ago
     Docs: man:mysqld(8)
           http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
  Process: 24653 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCC>
 Main PID: 24674 (mysqld)
   Status: "Server is operational"
    Tasks: 38 (limit: 4915)
   Memory: 403.0M
   CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
           └─24674 /usr/bin/mysqld

Feb 21 20:36:31 archlinux systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Feb 21 20:36:31 archlinux mysqld[24674]: 2020-02-21T12:36:31.524833Z 0 [Warning] [MY->
Feb 21 20:36:31 archlinux mysqld[24674]: 2020-02-21T12:36:31.524921Z 0 [System] [MY-0>
Feb 21 20:36:31 archlinux mysqld[24674]: 2020-02-21T12:36:31.893717Z 0 [Warning] [MY->
Feb 21 20:36:31 archlinux mysqld[24674]: 2020-02-21T12:36:31.919452Z 0 [System] [MY-0>
Feb 21 20:36:31 archlinux systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
Feb 21 20:36:32 archlinux mysqld[24674]: 2020-02-21T12:36:32.093950Z 0 [System] [MY-0>
lines 1-20/20 (END)

0x05 連接mysql

$ mysql -u root -p
# 輸入你上面的密碼，成功
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.19

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MySQL [(none)]> 
# 使用臨時用戶更改上面的複雜的密碼，大功告成，暢遊吧，騷年
MySQL [(none)]> ALTER user 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.011 sec)

arch install mysql

文章目錄

0x00 前言

0x01 安裝mysql

0x02 初始化

0x03 開機自啓

0x04 啓動 MySQL 服務

0x05 連接mysql

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