2.05億美元！馬斯克的腦機接口公司獲該領域最大規模融資，下一步將在人類身上進行臨牀試驗

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"馬斯克的腦機接口公司 Neuralink 完成 C 輪融資後，又該有大動作了。"}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"腦機接口公司 Neuralink 完成 2.05 億美元融資"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"北京時間 7 月 30 日早間消息，馬斯克創立的腦機接口公司 "},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/finance.sina.com.cn\/stock\/usstock\/c\/2021-07-30\/doc-ikqcfnca9829708.shtml","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Neuralink 完成 C 輪融資"}]},{"type":"text","text":"，籌集資金 2.05 億美元（約合 13.2 億元人民幣）。據瞭解，這也是該領域迄今爲止規模最大的融資。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"資料顯示，Neuralink 本輪融資由總部位於迪拜的風投公司 Vy Capital 領投，此外還有包括谷歌風投、德豐傑成長基金（DFJ Growth）、Valor Equity Partners、 Craft Ventures、創始人基金（Founders Fund）和 Gigafund 在內的衆多企業參與投資。不僅如此，一些高管和企業家也參與了投資。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在這輪融資之前，Neuralink 已於 2019 年 5 月份獲得過 5100 萬美元 B 輪融資。2017 年，Neuralink 計劃融資 2700 萬美元，但實際獲得 1 億美元資金。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"公開信息顯示，Neuralink 是馬斯克在 2016 年 7 月創辦的一家醫療研究公司，專攻腦機接口技術。簡單來說，Neuralink 的工作內容可以概括爲一點：他們試圖研發一種技術，將人腦與計算機系統融合在一起。這種利用腦機接口實現的融合，將有助於治療人類的腦損傷和神經系統疾病。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"該公司從多所大學聘請了許多著名神經科學家，還與加州大學戴維斯分校的一座實驗室簽訂合作協議，共同對靈長類動物展開研究。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Neuralink 的第一款產品是 N1 Link，它可以幫助四肢癱瘓者重新獲得數字自由。獲得這筆融資後，Neuralink 可以將產品推向市場，並加速未來產品研發。Neuralink 的下一個重大進展將是在人類身上進行臨牀試驗，迄今爲止，這項技術已經在豬和猴子身上展示過。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Neuralink 此前曾遭質疑"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"雖然馬斯克旗下擁有衆多公司，但他對 Neuralink 的重視程度並不低，僅次於 SpaceX 和特斯拉。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"馬斯克曾在 2017 年 6 月接受媒體採訪時表示，Neuralink 是他在自動駕駛和太空探索之後工作的重心。馬斯克在特斯拉年度股東大會上是這麼說的：“Boring Go. 可能佔據我 2％ 的時間，Neuralink 是 3％ 到5％，OpenAI 佔百分之幾；然後百分之 90多是 SpaceX 和特斯拉。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"好在 Neuralink 也的確爭氣。2020 年 8 月，Neuralink 在視頻直播中，一共展示了"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/FCrhCPhhfxyElpqCWjTq","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"三項發佈"}]},{"type":"text","text":"：腦機接口設備 LINK V0.9、 手術機器人和腦機接口的生物實驗。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"馬斯克在直播中表示，在專業醫生的監督下，手術機器人可以做到開顱、取骨、植入、安裝等一系列操作，並表示，Neuralink 已經在使用這款機器人植入腦機接口設備，未來希望在 1 小時內完成植入，用戶幾乎都不用麻醉即可完成手術。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"現場他還帶來了三隻小豬進行"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/3U3XlG8kMx9mbGJytF24","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"演示"}]},{"type":"text","text":"。在小豬做出喫東西動作時，植入其腦中的芯片實時傳輸的腦電波數據，會根據不同的峯值來分析小豬的腦部活動。在工作人員撫摸小豬鼻子時候，小豬的腦電波會有明顯的變化。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/e9\/6b\/e9ab1fd53b6c50yybdacb103315d416b.png","alt":null,"title":"植入 LINK V0.9 設備的小豬腦部活動情況","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"馬斯克表示，除了檢測小豬腦部的運作情況，LINK V0.9 能靠激活電極觸發大腦特定區域的神經元，並且通過神經元活動預測豬的四肢運動。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"然而，對於 Neuralink 所展示的最新技術，業內專家們的評價卻褒貶不一。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一些研究人員稱讚 Neuralink 的工作對現有技術進行了重大改進。多倫多大學的神經科學研究員 Graeme Moffat 表示，根據他的觀察，Neuralink 已經取得了“數量級的飛躍”。斯坦福的神經科學家 Sergey Stavisky 也表示，該演示顯示了 Neuralink 在 2019 年取得的令人印象深刻的進步。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但也有一些專家表示，該公司沒有提供太多的新功能，而且其最大的猜測性結論並非是基於當下的科學所得出的。靠激活電極觸發大腦特定區域的神經元，並且通過神經元活動預測物體行爲，這本身並不是什麼新鮮事。薩塞克斯大學的托馬斯·諾沃特尼（Thomas Nowotny）教授認爲記錄神經信號的技術已有“數十年之久”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此外，紐卡斯爾大學（Newcastle University）神經界面學教授安德魯·傑克遜（Andrew Jackson）對此實驗的看法也沒那麼樂觀。傑克遜在一份聲明中表示：“就他們的技術而言，1024 個 channels 在當今已經不是什麼偉大的成就了。”他指的是植入物在大腦中傳輸數據的帶寬。“但無線中繼的電子設備還是非常先進的，手術機器人也很棒。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在馬斯克的講話中，他也承認，無論是在實驗室還是在真實世界中，類似的技術已經存在有一段時間了。例如，2017 年的一項研究表明，神經信號可以用於精確控制假肢。馬斯克的想法很大程度上是基於這樣一種想法，即神經鏈接技術將大大改進現有的研究。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"馬斯克在推特上回應了傑克遜的評論：“不幸的是，學術界的許多人都過於看重想法的價值，而忽視了將其付諸實踐，這是很常見的。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"至於 Neuralink 究竟能爲人類帶來多大的價值，或許從 N1 Link 未來的市場反應中可窺一二。"}]}]}