亞馬遜取消遊戲開發“嚴苛”條款，原因竟是？

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"近日，亞馬遜遊戲工作室（Amazon Games Studios）取消了一項針對員工個人遊戲開發的“嚴苛”政策。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一段時間以來，亞馬遜遊戲工作室要求員工在從事個人項目時使用亞馬遜產品，並在亞馬遜店面上分發他們的遊戲，同時該政策還授予亞馬遜對員工在工作之外創作的任何遊戲項目的所有權。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"亞馬遜遊戲工作室並沒有在公開場合發佈公告，而是老闆 Mkie Frazzini 在一封公司內部電子郵件中表示，他們將來不再希望自動擁有員工遊戲的權利，此外，不應再有關於必須如何開發項目的任何規範。同時說到“這些政策最初是在十多年前制定的，當時我們的信息和經驗比今天少得多，因此，這些政策的制定範圍很廣，此後一直沒有調整。”"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"應聘工程師的舉動成爲引線"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這項政策最初由準備在亞馬遜遊戲工作室工作的軟件工程師 James Liu 披露在 Twitter 上（目前相關推文已刪除）。推文發出後，亞馬遜收到了大量對該規則強烈反對的聲音。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/2e\/33\/2e2e98d9b8c3afb16ff21a8a0184bc33.jpg","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"圖自 James Liu Twitter（原推已刪除）"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"條款的前面幾條都是正常沒問題的。但從第 5 和第 6 條開始變得有點奇怪，亞馬遜遊戲工作室規定，如果你在自己的空餘時間開發和發佈遊戲，你需要使用亞馬遜服務或產品。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在亞馬遜工作期間開發獨立遊戲意味着你必須授予公司“免版稅、全球、完全免費、永久、可轉讓的許可”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"最後看下第八點，任何在亞馬遜製作“個人遊戲”的人都只允許與接受協議的亞馬遜員工或未成年家人一起工作。這意味着你不能跟你其他公司的朋友也不能跟你的成年家人一起製作有趣的獨立遊戲。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對此，James Liu 還提到：\"如果我在日常工作中從事機器學習，那麼我在工作之外所做的任何與 ML 相關的工作要求專利權應該是沒有問題的，但是要求我在業餘時間製作的視頻遊戲的版權所有權就很荒謬了。\""}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"James Liu 曾嘗試與亞馬遜法律部門進行溝通希望得到豁免權但失敗了，所以亞馬遜的很多員工一直是在這些限制性規則下開發遊戲。也正是這項嚴格的政策，使他直接拒絕了這份工作。“（這項政策）是阻止我接受這個職位的唯一條件。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在亞馬遜取消該項政策後，James Liu 也隨即發表了意見，“該公司多年來一直沒有聽取自己員工的意見，在外人發推文之後突然終止了有關該主題的所有指導方針。”他對此感到非常驚訝。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“嚴苛”政策取消後的聲音"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"當然，亞馬遜並不是唯一制定類似政策的公司。谷歌也被指控擁有員工的個人外部項目。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在上個月，在谷歌開源網站的頁面上有一個鏈接，概述了其發明分配審查委員會（IARC）。“作爲僱傭協議的一部分，Google 很可能擁有你在公司期間創建的知識產權（IP）。由於 Google 的商業利益廣泛多樣，因此這可能適用於你所擁有的任何個人項目”。“我們理解並同情在 Google 之外探索和交付技術項目的願望，並概述了員工應如何提交項目供 IARC 審查以讓 Google 放棄所有權”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"該頁面現已被刪除，谷歌暫時也沒有對刪除 IARC 頁面和後續是否有新政策作出迴應。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"7 月，聯邦貿易委員會接到了一項行政命令，要求“遏制不公平地使用非競爭條款和其他可能不公平地限制工人流動性的條款或協議”。這可能會緩和一些限制性更強的合同要求。"}]}]}