HarmonyOS生態，投入還是繼續觀望？

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"HarmonyOS 2.0從首次亮相至今快滿一年，回顧過去一年裏的關鍵節點：2020年9月在華爲開發者大會上，HarmonyOS 2.0首次亮相；2020年12月華爲面向開發者發佈手機 Beta 版；今年6月，華爲正式發佈HarmonyOS 2.0以及搭載HarmonyOS 2的多款新產品。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"就這樣，一步一步循序漸進，目前已有超過4000萬華爲終端升級適配HarmonyOS 2。鴻蒙生態開發者數量已突破120萬，超過300家應用夥伴加入到鴻蒙生態，共有65款設備升級到HarmonyOS 2正式版。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在華爲應用市場裏，搜索“鴻蒙”便可以進入HarmonyOS專區。進去專區後，可以看到“支持HarmonyOS”的應用不少，"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"但真正基於HarmonyOS開發的原生應用並不多，其中主流應用屈指可數。"},{"type":"text","text":"（注：App圖標上有“HMOS”角標的就是HarmonyOS原生應用，而有下劃線的則是支持HarmonyOS的一些特性。）"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"需要承認的事實是，HarmonyOS仍處在發展早期，對於主流App、尤其是比較大型的App來說，要在短時間基於HarmonyOS重新做一個App並不現實，這也是鴻蒙系統必須兼容安卓應用的原因。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"要讓App“"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzUxMzcxMzE5Ng==&mid=2247510922&idx=1&sn=09300918db4db62d6233672f28e79713&chksm=f9521ec9ce2597df52016a6e4a5df61c4b6495aae1c8ba9479ef871ce0914ffd4f461195e83e&scene=27#wechat_redirect","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"鴻蒙化"}]},{"type":"text","text":"”，理論上有三條路，第一條是藉助 Flutter 之類的跨端框架，第二種是基於鴻蒙的 API 重新開發一個 App，第三種是混合包開發模式，即在原有 Android 應用的基礎上加入鴻蒙的特性。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"雖然 Flutter 官方目前還沒有適配鴻蒙的計劃，但美團外賣 MTFlutter 團隊已經在今年年初成功"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MjM5NjQ5MTI5OA==&mid=2651757112&idx=1&sn=3c1110a732b8d7ac69bc80020ddcdade&chksm=bd1243758a65ca633797dc8b83c75988560e621f5fe15f2e2139be71d4d5ed0ad01a2d68b84b&scene=21#wechat_redirect","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"實現"}]},{"type":"text","text":"了 Flutter 對於鴻蒙系統的原生支持。美團方面表示，“我們以極小的開發成本實現了 Flutter 在鴻蒙系統上的移植，基於 Flutter 開發的上層業務幾乎不做任何修改就可以在鴻蒙系統上原生運行，爲迎接鴻蒙系統後續的大規模推廣也提前做好了技術儲備。”相信對於想在鴻蒙系統做探索的人來說會有一定的啓發。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"混合包模式顯然是目前比較經濟的“鴻蒙化”途徑。在主流App中，京東算是最早投入HarmonyOS的一份子，而京東採用的便是"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzUyMDAxMjQ3Ng==&mid=2247496926&idx=1&sn=e021477db8b6cdb32a80e6160021a223&scene=21#wechat_redirect","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"混合包"}]},{"type":"text","text":"開發模式，整個App基本上沒有大的修改，只需新增HarmonyOS相關模塊用來實現相關特性即可。比如京東主要做了搜索和活動日曆的桌面卡片，用戶可以快捷進入「搜索」和「每天的活動」，另外還支持“流轉”，京東App內的直播間可以流轉到HarmonyOS大屏設備觀看，商品詳情頁也可以快速分享到其他搭載HarmonyOS的手機。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"InfoQ近日接觸了另一主流App「微博」。據悉，微博鴻蒙版是採用HarmonyOS的API重新開發而來，微博客戶端技術負責人高一航表示原因主要有二：一方面是公司層面對華爲鴻蒙系統比較重視，並看好其未來的發展，另一方面是拋棄原有歷史包袱去開發更高效。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"相比起Andriod和iOS客戶端，HarmonyOS版（簡稱HMOS版）微博主要是發⼒於微博核⼼功能體驗，比如關注流、推薦流和視頻場景的消費，熱搜事件討論，轉評贊等用戶互動等，追求“⼩⽽快”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"據瞭解，京東和微博目前投入到HarmonyOS的人數都不超過10人。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"HMOS版微博於今年1月份開始開發，在今年4月發佈了首個版本。談及開發過程，高一航表示，“HarmonyOS 對 Android ⼯程師來說相對友好，⽆論是 API 的調⽤還是開發環境、開發⼯具都與 Android 類似，研發同學只需要兩三天的學習就可以上⼿開發功能，兩週以後就非常熟練了。整體來說，鴻蒙版本的研發流程和 Androd或iOS 沒有本質的不同，也是常規的需求宣講、Design Reveiw 、代碼編寫、前後端聯調、Code Review、測試、進版上線、灰度放量。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但由於HarmonyOS⽬前屬於投入⽣產的早期階段，相對於Andriod和 iOS 平臺來說，API不是非常健全。“比如不支持圖⽂混排、include佈局等安卓常用能力，再比如一些開源的第三方庫無法使用，上層實現其他平臺一樣的功能會稍微麻煩一點。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"雖然用戶普遍反饋HMOS版微博打開速度更快，但也有部分⽤戶反饋希望看到微博主端的更多功能出現在HMOS版上，最好能夠和鴻蒙系統特性相結合。高一航透露，接下來HMOS版微博一方面會繼續優化核心功能體驗，另一方面則是逐步添加HarmonyOS特有的功能，比如原⼦化服務和跨設備流轉等。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對於目前市面上做HMOS版的主流App並不多的現狀，高一航認爲，從短期來看主要是出於研發成本的考慮，大多還處在觀望狀態，但他強調已經有很多開發者開始學習HarmonyOS的相關技術，隨着開發者⼈羣不斷擴大、用戶覆蓋率不斷提升，相信HarmonyOS也將越來越成熟，HarmonyOS生態也有望呈現百花齊放的景象。"}]}]}