美國要求臺積電、三星等交出機密數據，限時45天，英特爾恐成背後大贏家？

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"臺積電了可能早就被盯上了。"}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"美國要求芯片大廠交出機密數據"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"據"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.kedglobal.com\/newsView\/ked202109260001","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"韓國經濟日報"}]},{"type":"text","text":"報道，美國當地時間9月23日，美國政府再次召開半導體高峯會，希望尋求化解芯片短缺局面的方案。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此番美國態度很強硬，其以提高芯片“供應鏈透明度”爲由，要求臺積電、三星等晶圓代工廠交出被視爲商業機密的庫存量、訂單、銷售紀錄等數據。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"美國商務部長雷蒙多聲稱，美國需要更多有關芯片供應鏈的信息，以提高處理危機的透明度，並確定導致短缺的根本原因。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如果企業不願配合美國政府提交交數據，美國政府必定會採取行動。雷蒙多聲稱，“我們的工具箱有很多方法能讓企業交出數據，雖然不希望走到那一步，但如果有必要，我們必定會採取行動。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"美國要求相關企業在45天內交出公司相關數據。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對於三星、臺積電等全球芯片大廠來說，美國政府這一要求無疑將令它們陷入困境，因爲關於銷售、庫存和客戶的信息一直被業內視爲公司機密。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"而且，這將使三星電子和臺積電在與美國企業的價格談判中處於不利地位。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"三星電子、臺積電等全球代工企業沒有公開客戶名單。不久前，有外媒報道稱，三星正在爲特斯拉公司生產芯片，但三星尚未確認這一傳聞。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"分析人士認爲，蘋果和特斯拉等全球客戶並不希望公開這些信息，因爲這些信息可以用來識別和比較產品的性能水平和市場競爭力。另外，如果公開成品率等生產資料，就會使製造企業處於不利地位。半導體成品率是在製造過程中未被丟棄的晶圓上的晶片的比例。更高的成品率意味着更先進的技術水平和更低的製造成本。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“披露成品率信息意味着披露一個公司的特定半導體技術水平。代工企業相關人士表示:“這一信息有可能使代工企業在與國際客戶進行價格協商時處於不利地位。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"其他專家指出，美國政府要求提供的信息也可能影響半導體芯片的整體市場價格。如果發現企業的芯片庫存過多，就會通過價格協商降低供貨價格。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"無法拒絕的要求"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"韓媒報道，儘管這些芯片大廠不願提供內部數據，但它們不太可能成功迴避這一要求，因爲美國政府正在考慮將法律措施作爲執法工具。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"有消息稱，美國政府正在考慮使用《國防生產法》(DPA)來強制執行數據提交。該法案授權美國總統要求企業接受國防所需材料的合同，並對合同進行優先排序。它還允許總統指定禁止囤積或哄騙價格的材料。總統還可以迫使企業擴大基礎資源的生產，並將原材料用於國防。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"全球半導體業界，特別是美國以外的半導體企業擔心，美國的信息要求可能會在很大程度上對美國企業有利。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"韓國一位業內人士表示:“三星和臺積電向美國政府提交的信息，有可能泄露給英特爾等美國企業。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"最近，英特爾和美國政府明確表示要加強合作。上個月，《華爾街日報》報道稱，英特爾CEOPat Gelsinger與拜登政府官員會面，目的是推動英特爾的芯片投資計劃。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"芯片行業內部人士指出，英特爾激進的代工投資計劃在戰略上與美國政府建立更強大全球供應鏈的倡議是一致的。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一位業內官員表示:“英特爾一直主張，美國政府必須通過強調全球芯片短缺對美國經濟的影響，以及英特爾在解決這一問題方面可以發揮的作用，向美國企業提供更多的財政支持。”"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"臺積電可能早就被盯上了"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"都是芯片短缺惹的禍。這場蔓延全球的芯片荒已經給全球芯片供應鏈以及衆多產業帶來了肉眼可見的不利影響。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在芯片嚴峻短缺的形勢下，臺積作爲全球最大的芯片製造商受到了前所未有的關注。而臺積電也是美國政府爲提振美國芯片製造業發展而尋求外部支持的主要目標對象。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"由於半導體短缺導致美國汽車製造商被迫減產。今年2月拜登表示，他將尋求立法撥款 370 億美元，以加強美國芯片製造業的發展。近期，美國在爭取與臺灣主要芯片和科技公司的更多合作和投資，臺積電是主要目標對象之一。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"臺灣是全球半導體生產的樞紐，全球芯片短缺迫使政府介入以幫助汽車製造商。據悉，自去年年底以來，臺積電已經通過外交渠道收到了來自美國、日本、歐洲等多個國家的要求，希望臺積電等臺灣芯片企業幫助解決汽車行業缺少芯片的問題。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"去年11月，臺積電宣佈將在美國亞利桑那州設立全資子公司，投資金額高達120億美元，預計 2024 年投產。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但多位業內人士認爲，臺積電赴美設廠背後有不少蹊蹺之處。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"中時新聞網報道，臺大副校長湯明哲認爲臺積電赴美設廠背後是陰謀論，他稱美國政府給予臺積電稅收、土地等優惠，但恐怕也會要求臺積電將技術轉移給美國半導體大廠英特爾。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"湯明哲還曾表示，“因爲英特爾輸掉了，輸掉後開始急了，尋求美政府的幫忙，政府就找臺積電來設廠，第一步臺積電設廠要多少地、多少錢都沒有問題，但第二步美國要擁有自己的IP，就會開始要求臺積電技術轉移，到時候你能說不嗎？”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"湯明哲認爲，美國最重要的目標是提升自己的半導體產業實力，所以最後會要求臺積電進行技術轉移，“臺積電很難說不，美國有了生產設備又有技術，就完成半導體自主。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/baijiahao.baidu.com\/s?id=1712109667172476038&wfr=spider&for=pc","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"環球網"}]},{"type":"text","text":"援引島內外資分析師、柯克蘭資本董事長楊應超的分析稱，臺積電赴美設廠背後目的並不單純，楊應超表示，“至少從商業科技的角度是不太合理的，可能不是自己想去，有點被美國逼去的感覺，因爲是真的不太合理。”楊應超提到，不管是美國總統拜登與英特爾執行長Pat Gelsinger都是爲了自己的利益，要把美國半導體產業擴大，第一步先把臺積電找去設廠，第二步就是發展自己的晶圓工廠。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"},{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":10}}],"text":"參考鏈接："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.kedglobal.com\/newsView\/ked202109260001","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"text":"https:\/\/www.kedglobal.com\/newsView\/ked202109260001"}],"marks":[{"type":"italic"},{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":10}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/skrYAWdQUklsx3aIHsof","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"text":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/skrYAWdQUklsx3aIHsof"}],"marks":[{"type":"italic"},{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":10}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/baijiahao.baidu.com\/s?id=1712109667172476038&wfr=spider&for=pc","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"text":"https:\/\/baijiahao.baidu.com\/s?id=1712109667172476038&wfr=spider&for=pc"}],"marks":[{"type":"italic"},{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":10}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}}]}