SpringCloudAlibaba - 整合 Gateway 實現對微服務的反向代理

前言

Spring Cloud Gateway是SpringCloud生態的第二代網關(第一代是Zuul)，基於Netty、Reactor以及WebFlux構建

環境

Spring Cloud Hoxton.SR9 + Spring Cloud Alibaba 2.2.6.RELEASE

爲什麼要使用網關

• 簡化登錄認證，網關統一認證再轉發到其它微服務
• 網關方式對外暴露的永遠是一個域名，客戶端配置簡單

Gateway的優點

• 性能強勁，是第一代網關Zuul 1.x的1.6倍
• 內置了很多實用功能，如轉發、監控、限流等
• 易擴展

Gateway 核心概念

名稱	解釋	作用
Route	路由	一個轉發規則，包含ID、目標URL、Predicate集合一級Filter集合
Predicate	謂詞，也稱斷言	控制請求是否走轉發規則的條件
Filter	過濾器	修改請求以及響應，可以爲路由添加業務邏輯

Gateway 整合實例

網關 core-gateway

• pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.3.2.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.coisini</groupId>
    <artifactId>core-gateway</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>core-gateway</name>
    <description>Gateway project for Spring Boot</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR9</spring-cloud.version>
        <spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2.2.6.RELEASE</spring-cloud-alibaba.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <!-- gateway -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- nacos client -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- actuator -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <!-- 整合spring cloud -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <!-- 整合spring cloud alibaba -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud-alibaba.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

• application.yml

spring:
  application:
    name: core-gateway
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: localhost:8848
    gateway:
      discovery:
        locator:
          # 讓gateway通過服務發現組件找到其它的服務
          enabled: true

server:
  port: 8040

# Actuator
management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: "*"
  endpoint:
    health:
      show-details: always

用戶中心 user-center

• TestController.java

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class TestController {

    @GetMapping("/test/{name}")
    public String test(@PathVariable String name) {
        log.info("請求...");
        return "hello " + name;
    }

}

測試

• 啓動網關，訪問Nacos控制檯

• 測試接口訪問

---

Gateway的轉發規律：訪問${GATEWAY_URL}/{微服務X}/xx 會轉發到微服務X 的 /xx 路徑

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