如何在 Mongoose 中更新/插入文檔？ - How do I update/upsert a document in Mongoose?

問題：

Perhaps it's the time, perhaps it's me drowning in sparse documentation and not being able to wrap my head around the concept of updating in Mongoose :)也許是時候了，也許是我淹沒在稀疏的文檔中，無法理解 Mongoose 中更新的概念:)

Here's the deal:這是交易：

I have a contact schema and model (shortened properties):我有一個聯繫模式和模型（縮短的屬性）：

var mongoose = require('mongoose'),
    Schema = mongoose.Schema;

var mongooseTypes = require("mongoose-types"),
    useTimestamps = mongooseTypes.useTimestamps;


var ContactSchema = new Schema({
    phone: {
        type: String,
        index: {
            unique: true,
            dropDups: true
        }
    },
    status: {
        type: String,
        lowercase: true,
        trim: true,
        default: 'on'
    }
});
ContactSchema.plugin(useTimestamps);
var Contact = mongoose.model('Contact', ContactSchema);

I receive a request from the client, containing the fields I need and use my model thusly:我收到來自客戶的請求，其中包含我需要的字段並因此使用我的模型：

mongoose.connect(connectionString);
var contact = new Contact({
    phone: request.phone,
    status: request.status
});

And now we reach the problem:現在我們遇到了問題：

1. If I call contact.save(function(err){...}) I'll receive an error if the contact with the same phone number already exists (as expected - unique)如果我撥打contact.save(function(err){...})如果具有相同電話號碼的聯繫人已經存在（如預期 - 唯一），我將收到錯誤
2. I can't call update() on contact, since that method does not exist on a document我無法在聯繫人中調用update() ，因爲文檔中不存在該方法
3. If I call update on the model:如果我調用模型的更新：
   Contact.update({phone:request.phone}, contact, {upsert: true}, function(err{...})
   I get into an infinite loop of some sorts, since the Mongoose update implementation clearly doesn't want an object as the second parameter.我進入了某種無限循環，因爲 Mongoose 更新實現顯然不想要一個對象作爲第二個參數。
4. If I do the same, but in the second parameter I pass an associative array of the request properties {status: request.status, phone: request.phone ...} it works - but then I have no reference to the specific contact and cannot find out its createdAt and updatedAt properties.如果我也這樣做，但在第二個參數中，我傳遞了一個請求屬性的關聯數組{status: request.status, phone: request.phone ...}它可以工作 - 但是我沒有參考特定聯繫人和無法找出其createdAt和updatedAt性能。

So the bottom line, after all I tried: given a document contact , how do I update it if it exists, or add it if it doesn't?所以最重要的是，畢竟我嘗試過：給定一個文檔contact ，如果它存在，我該如何更新它，或者如果它不存在，我如何添加它？

Thanks for your time.謝謝你的時間。

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解決方案：

參考一： https://en.stackoom.com/question/UUVK
參考二： https://stackoom.com/question/UUVK