【Stringboot+Netty4】Springboot集成Netty4實現聊天室功能

需求:站內聊天的實現。

分析過程:1、websocket實現的功能簡單,缺點在多人的情況下效率會幾何數降低。

                  2、Netty4比Netty5更穩定,測試發現Netty5暫時不穩定,內存處理不如Netty4

實現:

1、pom.xml配置

        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.netty</groupId>
            <artifactId>netty-all</artifactId>
            <version>4.1.63.Final</version>
        </dependency>

2、配置類

package com.xxx.chat.room.configs;


import io.netty.channel.Channel;
import io.netty.channel.group.ChannelGroup;
import io.netty.channel.group.DefaultChannelGroup;
import io.netty.util.concurrent.GlobalEventExecutor;

import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;

/**
 * 配置類
 * @author liuyue
 * @date 2024/3/20 16:38
 */
public class NettyConfig {

    /**
     * 定義一個channel組,管理所有的channel
     * GlobalEventExecutor.INSTANCE 是全局的事件執行器,是一個單例
     */
    private static final ChannelGroup CHANNEL_GROUP = new DefaultChannelGroup(GlobalEventExecutor.INSTANCE);

    /**
     * 存放用戶與Chanel的對應信息,用於給指定用戶發送消息
     */
    private static final ConcurrentHashMap<String, Channel> USER_CHANNEL_MAP = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();

    private NettyConfig() {
    }

    /**
     * 獲取channel組
     */
    public static ChannelGroup getChannelGroup() {
        return CHANNEL_GROUP;
    }

    /**
     * 獲取用戶channel map
     */
    public static ConcurrentHashMap<String, Channel> getUserChannelMap() {
        return USER_CHANNEL_MAP;
    }
}

3、NettyServer對外提供訪問的socket

package com.xxx.chat.room;

import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpObjectAggregator;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpServerCodec;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.WebSocketServerProtocolHandler;
import io.netty.handler.codec.serialization.ObjectEncoder;
import io.netty.handler.stream.ChunkedWriteHandler;
import jakarta.annotation.PostConstruct;
import jakarta.annotation.PreDestroy;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.net.InetSocketAddress;

@Component
@Slf4j
public class NettyServer {

    /**
     * webSocket協議名
     */
    private static final String WEBSOCKET_PROTOCOL = "WebSocket";

    /**
     * 端口號
     */
    @Value("${netty.port: 9998}")
    private int port;

    /**
     * webSocket路徑
     */
    @Value("${netty.path: /webSocket}")
    private String webSocketPath;

    @Autowired
    private WebSocketHandler webSocketHandler;

    private EventLoopGroup bossGroup;

    private EventLoopGroup workGroup;

    /**
     * 啓動
     *
     * @throws InterruptedException
     */
    private void start() throws InterruptedException {
        bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        workGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        ServerBootstrap bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
        // bossGroup輔助客戶端的tcp連接請求, workGroup負責與客戶端之前的讀寫操作
        bootstrap.group(bossGroup, workGroup);
        // 設置NIO類型的channel
        bootstrap.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class);
        // 設置監聽端口
        bootstrap.localAddress(new InetSocketAddress(port));
        // 連接到達時會創建一個通道
        bootstrap.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {

            @Override
            protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
                // 流水線管理通道中的處理程序(Handler),用來處理業務
                // webSocket協議本身是基於http協議的,所以這邊也要使用http編解碼器
                ch.pipeline().addLast(new HttpServerCodec());
                ch.pipeline().addLast(new ObjectEncoder());
                // 以塊的方式來寫的處理器
                ch.pipeline().addLast(new ChunkedWriteHandler());
        /*
        說明:
        1、http數據在傳輸過程中是分段的,HttpObjectAggregator可以將多個段聚合
        2、這就是爲什麼,當瀏覽器發送大量數據時,就會發送多次http請求
         */
                ch.pipeline().addLast(new HttpObjectAggregator(8192));
        /*
        說明:
        1、對應webSocket,它的數據是以幀(frame)的形式傳遞
        2、瀏覽器請求時 ws://localhost:58080/xxx 表示請求的uri
        3、核心功能是將http協議升級爲ws協議,保持長連接
        */
                ch.pipeline().addLast(new WebSocketServerProtocolHandler(webSocketPath, WEBSOCKET_PROTOCOL,
                        true,
                        65536 * 10));
                // 自定義的handler,處理業務邏輯
                ch.pipeline().addLast(webSocketHandler);

                }
        });
        // 配置完成,開始綁定server,通過調用sync同步方法阻塞直到綁定成功
        ChannelFuture channelFuture = bootstrap.bind().sync();
        log.info("Server started and listen on:{}", channelFuture.channel().localAddress());
        // 對關閉通道進行監聽
        channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();
    }

    /**
     * 釋放資源
     *
     * @throws InterruptedException
     */
    @PreDestroy
    public void destroy() throws InterruptedException {
        if (bossGroup != null) {
            bossGroup.shutdownGracefully().sync();
        }
        if (workGroup != null) {
            workGroup.shutdownGracefully().sync();
        }
    }

    @PostConstruct()
    public void init() {
        //需要開啓一個新的線程來執行netty server 服務器
        new Thread(() -> {
            try {
                start();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }).start();
    }
}

4、WebSocketHandler消息處理

package com.hake.chat.room;


import com.hake.chat.room.configs.NettyConfig;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandler;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import cn.hutool.json.JSONObject;
import cn.hutool.json.JSONUtil;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandler;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.TextWebSocketFrame;
import io.netty.util.AttributeKey;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
@ChannelHandler.Sharable
public class WebSocketHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<TextWebSocketFrame> {
    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(NettyServer.class);

    /**
     * @param ctx   &#x4E0A;&#x4E0B;&#x6587;
     */
    @Override
    public void handlerAdded(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        log.info("handlerAdded 被調用"+ctx.channel().id().asLongText());
        // 添加到channelGroup 通道組
        NettyConfig.getChannelGroup().add(ctx.channel());
    }

    /**
     * 讀取數據
     */
    @Override
    protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, TextWebSocketFrame msg) throws Exception {
        log.info("服務器收到消息:{}",msg.text());
        //獲取用戶ID,關聯channel
        JSONObject jsonObject = JSONUtil.parseObj(msg.text());
        String uid = jsonObject.getStr("userId");
        NettyConfig.getUserChannelMap().put(uid,ctx.channel());

        // 將用戶ID作爲自定義屬性加入到channel中,方便隨時channel中獲取用戶ID
        AttributeKey<String> key = AttributeKey.valueOf("userId");
        ctx.channel().attr(key).setIfAbsent(uid);

        // 回覆消息
        ctx.channel().writeAndFlush(new TextWebSocketFrame("服務器連接成功!"));
    }

    @Override
    public void handlerRemoved(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        log.info("handlerRemoved 被調用"+ctx.channel().id().asLongText());
        // 刪除通道
        NettyConfig.getChannelGroup().remove(ctx.channel());
        removeUserId(ctx);
    }

    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
        log.info("異常:{}",cause.getMessage());
        // 刪除通道
        NettyConfig.getChannelGroup().remove(ctx.channel());
        removeUserId(ctx);
        ctx.close();
    }

    /**
     * 刪除用戶與channel的對應關係
     * @param ctx   上下文
     */
    private void removeUserId(ChannelHandlerContext ctx){
        AttributeKey<String> key = AttributeKey.valueOf("userId");
        String userId = ctx.channel().attr(key).get();
        NettyConfig.getUserChannelMap().remove(userId);
    }
}

5、推送消息服務

package com.xxx.chat.room.service;

public interface PushService {

    /**
     * 推送給指定用戶
     *
     * @param userId 用戶ID
     * @param msg    消息
     */
    void pushMsgToOne(String userId, String msg);

    /**
     * 推送給所有用戶
     *
     * @param msg 消息
     */
    void pushMsgToAll(String msg);

}
package com.xxx.chat.room.service.impl;

import com.hake.chat.room.configs.NettyConfig;
import com.hake.chat.room.service.PushService;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.TextWebSocketFrame;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import io.netty.channel.Channel;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;

/**
 * 推送消息服務
 * @author liuyue
 * @date 2024/3/21 9:30
 */

@Service
public class PushServiceImpl implements PushService {

    @Override
    public void pushMsgToOne(String userId, String msg){
        ConcurrentHashMap<String, Channel> userChannelMap = NettyConfig.getUserChannelMap();
        Channel channel = userChannelMap.get(userId);
        channel.writeAndFlush(new TextWebSocketFrame(msg));
    }

    @Override
    public void pushMsgToAll(String msg){
        NettyConfig.getChannelGroup().writeAndFlush(new TextWebSocketFrame(msg));
    }

}

6、controller接口

package com.hake.chat.room.controller;

import com.hake.chat.room.service.PushService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;


/**
 * 發送消息
 * @author liuyue
 * @date 2024/3/20 16:57
 */

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/push")
public class PushController {

    @Autowired
    private PushService pushService;

    /**
     * 推送給所有用戶
     *
     * @param msg 消息
     */
    @PostMapping("/pushAll")
    public void pushToAll(@RequestParam("msg") String msg) {
        pushService.pushMsgToAll(msg);
    }

    /**
     * 推送給指定用戶
     *
     * @param userId 用戶ID
     * @param msg    消息
     */
    @PostMapping("/pushOne")
    public void pushMsgToOne(@RequestParam("userId") String userId, @RequestParam("msg") String msg) {
        pushService.pushMsgToOne(userId, msg);
    }


}

7、YML配置,簡單頁面配置

server:
  port: 9997
spring:
  application:
    name: charroom
  thymeleaf:
    prefix: classpath:/html/  # 訪問html下的html文件需要配置模板,映射,路徑指向
    suffix: .html
    cache: false # 開發時關閉緩存,不然沒法看到實時頁面
  mvc:
    view:
      prefix: /
      suffix: .html
netty:
  host: 127.0.0.1
  port: 9998
  path: /webSocket

8、html頁面

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<script>
  var socket;
  // 判斷當前瀏覽器是否支持webSocket
  if (window.WebSocket) {
    socket = new WebSocket("ws://127.0.0.1:9998/webSocket")
    // 相當於channel的read事件,ev 收到服務器回送的消息
    socket.onmessage = function (ev) {
      var rt = document.getElementById("responseText");
      rt.value = rt.value + "\n" + ev.data;
    }
    // 相當於連接開啓
    socket.onopen = function (ev) {
      let userId = [[${userId}]];
      console.info(userId);
      var rt = document.getElementById("responseText");
      rt.value = "連接開啓了..."
      socket.send(
              JSON.stringify({
                // 連接成功將,用戶ID傳給服務端
                userId: userId
              })
      );
    }
    // 相當於連接關閉
    socket.onclose = function (ev) {
      var rt = document.getElementById("responseText");
      rt.value = rt.value + "\n" + "連接關閉了...";
    }
  } else {
    alert("當前瀏覽器不支持webSocket")
  }
</script>
<form onsubmit="return false">
  <textarea id="responseText" style="height: 150px; width: 300px;"></textarea>
  <input type="button" value="清空內容" onclick="document.getElementById('responseText').value=''">
</form>
</body>
</html>

 

簡單例子,如果要使用,需要集成到自己的項目。

 

每天進步一點點!

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