微服務應用日誌組件封裝

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微服務應用日誌組件定製

隨着微服務等設計理念在系統中的應用,業務的調用鏈越來越複雜,日誌信息越來越大,從快速增長的日誌數據流中提取出所需的信息,並將其與其他相關聯的事件進行關聯,將變得越加困難。ELK+KafKa作爲微服務應用日誌中心解決方案是業界常規辦法,前提是應用日誌輸出的規範化,日誌組件就是爲了完成這一目標。

微服務應用日誌格式規劃

經過公司技術人員充分討論和分析,確認了應用日誌輸出格式如下:

|時間|日誌級別|線程名|代碼發生行|同步調用ID|客戶系統節點|服務系統節點|客戶系統名稱|服務系統名稱|日誌類型|全局流水號|定製化字段^日誌信息|
  • 時間:記錄日誌產生時間;
  • 日誌級別:FATAL、ERROR、WARN、INFO、DEBUG;
  • 線程名:執行操作線程名稱;
  • 代碼發生行:日誌事件發生在代碼中位置;
  • 同步調用ID:用於同步調用鏈分析、可以關聯ZipKin、Pinpoint等工具關聯排查問題;
  • 客戶系統節點:表示服務-客戶端系統節點的標識,可以爲IP或者DockerID;
  • 服務系統節點:表示服務-服務端系統節點的標識,可以爲IP或者DockerID;
  • 客戶系統名稱:表示服務-客戶端系統的標識,可以爲系統簡稱和全稱;
  • 服務系統名稱:表示服務-服務端系統的標識,可以爲系統簡稱和全稱;
  • 全局流水號:貫穿一次業務流程的全局流水號;
  • 日誌類型:枚舉,REQ-接口請求報文,RESP-接口響應報文,BIZ-通用日誌;
  • INFO:定製化字段(格式採用 關鍵字段=值,關鍵字段2=值) ^ 業務信息(記錄詳細日誌信息)。

舉個栗子:

|2018-03-28 14:26:21.001|INFO|demo-service-woker:share-d-3[share]-thread-1|com.xxxx.xxx.service.interceptor.ParamCheckInterceptor:59:doInvoke|4507080825331412517041832|127.0.0.1:50344|127.0.0.1:20015|demo-a|demo-b|20170428142618325183APP|BIZ|phoneNumber=185****1234, woAccountId=110000008592138^參數及權限校驗攔截,驗證通過.|

日誌組件實現方案

Java技術平臺日誌輸出組件主要有java.util.logging、log4j、log4j2、logback、slf4j。我司目前使用的log4j2+slf4j組合作爲應用日誌輸出組件,爲了實現上述日誌格式輸出,主要有兩種方式在組件上實現封裝。應用採用SpringBoot+Restful作爲主框架

Log4J的MDC方案

MDC[http://logging.apache.org/log4j/1.2/apidocs/org/apache/log4j/MDC.html]是爲每個線程建立一個獨立的存儲空間,開發人員可以根據需要把信息存入其中。MDC使用Map機制來存儲信息,信息以key/value對的形式存儲在Map中。
使用Servlet Filter或者AOP在服務接收到請求時,獲取需要的值填充MDC。在log4j2的配置中就可以使用%X{key}打印MDC中的內容,從而識別出同一次請求中的log。

Log4j2.X版本
MdcLogfilter類
public class MdcLogfilter implements Filter {

    public static final String TRACE_ID = "traceId";

    public static final String CLIENT_ADDR = "clientAddr";

    public static final String SERVER_ADDR = "serverAddr";

    public static final String CLIENT_SYS_NAME = "clientSysName";

    public static final String SERVER_SYS_NAME = "serverSysName";

    public static final String TRANS_ID = "transId";

    public static final String LOG_TYPE = LogTypeEnum.BIZ.getKey();

    private String systemName;

    public MdcLogfilter( String systemName ) {
        this.systemName = systemName;
    }

    @Override
    public void init( FilterConfig filterConfig ) throws ServletException {
    }

    @Override
    public void doFilter( ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain ) throws IOException, ServletException {
        try {
            insertIntoMDC(request);
            chain.doFilter(request, response);
        } finally {
            ThreadContext.clearAll();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {
    }

    protected void insertIntoMDC( ServletRequest request ) {
        HttpServletRequest httpRequest = (HttpServletRequest) request;
        String traceId = httpRequest.getHeader(TRACE_ID);
        String clientAddr = httpRequest.getRemoteAddr();
        String serverAddr = getSreverAddr();
        String clientSysName = httpRequest.getHeader(CLIENT_SYS_NAME);
        String serverSysName = systemName;
        String transId = (String) httpRequest.getAttribute(TRANS_ID);
        ThreadContext.put(TRACE_ID, traceId);
        ThreadContext.put(CLIENT_ADDR, clientAddr);
        ThreadContext.put(SERVER_ADDR, serverAddr);
        ThreadContext.put(CLIENT_SYS_NAME, clientSysName);
        ThreadContext.put(SERVER_SYS_NAME, serverSysName);
        ThreadContext.put(TRANS_ID, transId);
        ThreadContext.put(LOG_TYPE, LogTypeEnum.REQ.getKey());
    }

    private String getServerAddr() {
        return null;
    }

}
MDCLogAspect類
@Aspect
public class MDCLogAspect {

    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(EpayLogAspect.class);

    private static long STIME = LogUtil.getNowTimeInMillis();

    private static String REQUESTURL = "url";

    @Pointcut("execution(public * com.demo..*.*.controller.*.*(..))")
    public void log() {
    }

    @Before("log()")
    public void deBefore( JoinPoint joinPoint ) throws Throwable {
        STIME = LogUtil.getNowTimeInMillis();
        ServletRequestAttributes attributes = (ServletRequestAttributes) RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes();
        HttpServletRequest request = attributes.getRequest();
        Map<String, String[]> params = request.getParameterMap();
        String queryString = "";
        for (String key : params.keySet()) {
            String[] values = params.get(key);
            for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
                String value = values[i];
                queryString += key + "=" + value + "&";
            }
        }

        if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(queryString)){
            queryString = queryString.substring(0, queryString.length() - 1);
        }
        REQUESTURL = request.getRequestURL().toString();

        LOGGER.info("url:{},req:{}", REQUESTURL, queryString);
        MDC.put(LogPreKeyConstants.LOGTYPE, LogTypeEnum.BIZ.getKey());
    }

    @AfterReturning(returning = "ret", pointcut = "log()")
    public void doAfterReturning( Object ret ) throws Throwable {
        MDC.put(LogPreKeyConstants.LOGTYPE, LogTypeEnum.RESP.getKey());
        LOGGER.info("url:{},resp:{}", REQUESTURL, ret);
        MDC.remove(LogPreKeyConstants.LOGTYPE);
        MDC.put(LogPreKeyConstants.LOGTYPE, LogTypeEnum.BIZ.getKey());
    }

    //後置異常通知
    @AfterThrowing("log()")
    public void throwss( JoinPoint jp ) {
        String costtime = LogUtil.getNowTimeInMillis() - STIME + "ms";
        LOGGER.info("url:{},executetime:{}", REQUESTURL, costtime);
    }

    //後置最終通知,final增強,不管是拋出異常或者正常退出都會執行
    @After("log()")
    public void after( JoinPoint jp ) {
        String costtime = LogUtil.getNowTimeInMillis() - STIME + "ms";
        LOGGER.info("url:{},executetime:{}", REQUESTURL, costtime);
    }
}
Log4j1.X版本

log4j1.x版本,ThreadContext類換成MDC即可

log4j配置使用MDC

在log4j配置中,使用mdc:(log4j 1.x 與 2.x中都可以使用此配置)

<PatternLayout pattern="|%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS}|%5p|%5t|%4c:%L|%X{traceid}|%X{clientaddr}|%X{serveraddr}|%X{cientsysname}|%X{serversysname}|%X{transid}|%X{logType}|%m|%n" />
Springboot使用

實現定製化log-start,應用依賴即可。

Log4J的適配器封裝方案

使用適配器模式封裝log4j接口,使用AOP在服務接收到請求時,獲取需要的值填充本地線程副本中,打印日誌時候拼接輸出到日誌。

Log4j2.X/Log4j1.X版本
LogContextHolder
public class AdapterLogContextHolder {

    private static final ThreadLocal<AdapterLogContext> LOG_CONTEXT = new ThreadLocal<>();

    private static AdapterLogContextHolder context = new AdapterLogContextHolder();

    private AdapterLogContextHolder() {
    }

    public static AdapterLogContextHolder getInstance() {
        return context;
    }

    public AdapterLogContext getLogContext() {
        AdapterLogContext context = LOG_CONTEXT.get();

        if (context == null) {
            context = new AdapterLogContext();
            LOG_CONTEXT.set(context);
        }
        return context;
    }

    public void setLogContext( AdapterLogContext context ) {
        LOG_CONTEXT.set(context);
    }

    public void removeLogContext() {
        LOG_CONTEXT.remove();
    }

    public String getTraceID() {
        return getLogContext().getTraceID();
    }

    public void setTraceID( String id ) {
        getLogContext().setTraceID(id);
    }
}

AdapterLogContext
public class AdapterLogContext implements Serializable, Cloneable {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 6126191683350551062L;

    private String traceID = "traceID";

    private long callStartTimes;

    private String transID = "transId";

    private String clientAddr = "clientAddr";

    private String serverAddr = "serverAddr";

    private String clientSysName = "clientSysName";

    private String serverSysName = "serverSysName";

    @Override
    public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        return super.clone();
    }
    //get、set .....
}
LoggerAdapter
public class LoggerAdapter {

    final static String FQCN = LoggerAdapter.class.getName();

    private static LoggerAdapter loggerAdapter;

    private static volatile HashMap<String, LoggerAdapter> loggerxMap = null;

    protected Logger logger = null;

    private LoggerAdapter( Logger logger ) {
        this.logger = logger;
    }

    public static LoggerAdapter getLogger( Class<?> classObject ) {

        if (null == classObject) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        }

        if (loggerxMap == null) {
            synchronized (Loggerx.class) {
                if (loggerxMap == null) {
                    loggerxMap = new HashMap<>();
                    return getLoggerAdapter(classObject);
                }
            }
        }

        LoggerAdapter loggerAdapter = loggerxMap.get(classObject.getSimpleName());
        if (loggerAdapter == null) {
            return getLoggerAdapter(classObject);
        } else {
            return loggerAdapter;
        }
    }

    private static LoggerAdapter getLoggerAdapter( Class<?> classObject ) {
        Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger(classObject);
        if (logger == null) {
            return null;
        }

        LoggerAdapter loggerAdapter = new LoggerAdapter(logger);
        loggerxMap.put(classObject.getSimpleName(), loggerAdapter);

        return loggerAdapter;
    }

    public void info( LogType logType, Object message ) {
        String msgFormatted = msgFormat(logType, message);
        logger.log(FQCN, Level.INFO, msgFormatted, null);
    }

    public void info( LogType logType, Map<String, String> custMsg, Object message ) {
        String msgFormatted = msgFormat(logType, custMsg, message);
        logger.log(FQCN, Level.INFO, msgFormatted, null);
    }

    public void error( LogType logType, Object message ) {
        String msgFormatted = msgFormat(logType, message);
        logger.log(FQCN, Level.ERROR, msgFormatted, null);
    }

    public void error( LogType logType, Map<String, String> custMsg, Object message ) {
        String msgFormatted = msgFormat(logType, custMsg, message);
        logger.log(FQCN, Level.ERROR, msgFormatted, null);
    }

    public void error( LogType logType, Object message, Throwable t ) {
        String msgFormatted = msgFormat(logType, message);
        logger.log(FQCN, Level.ERROR, msgFormatted, t);
    }

    public void error( LogType logType, Map<String, String> custMsg, Object message, Throwable t ) {
        String msgFormatted = msgFormat(logType, custMsg, message);
        logger.log(FQCN, Level.ERROR, msgFormatted, t);
    }

    public void warn( LogType logType, Object message ) {
        String msgFormatted = msgFormat(logType, message);
        logger.log(FQCN, Level.WARN, msgFormatted, null);
    }

    public void warn( LogType logType, Map<String, String> custMsg, Object message ) {
        String msgFormatted = msgFormat(logType, custMsg, message);
        logger.log(FQCN, Level.WARN, msgFormatted, null);
    }

    public void debug( LogType logType, Object message ) {
        String msgFormatted = msgFormat(logType, message);
        logger.log(FQCN, Level.DEBUG, msgFormatted, null);
    }

    protected String msgFormat( LogType logType, Object message ) {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        AdapterLogContext logContext = AdapterLogContextHolder.getInstance().getLogContext();
        sb.append(logContext.getTraceID());
        sb.append("|").append(logContext.getClientAddr());
        sb.append("|").append(logContext.getServerAddr());
        sb.append("|").append(logContext.getClientSysName());
        sb.append("|").append(logContext.getServerAddr());
        sb.append("|").append(logContext.getTransID());
        sb.append("|").append(logType);
        sb.append("|").append("custmsg=null");
        sb.append(message != null ? "^" + message.toString().replaceAll("\r|\n", "").replaceAll("\\|", "#") + "|" : "");
        return sb.toString();
    }

    protected String msgFormat( LogType logType, Map<String, String> custMsgMap, Object message ) {
        if (custMsgMap == null || custMsgMap.isEmpty()) {
            return msgFormat(logType, message);
        } else {
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            AdapterLogContext logContext = AdapterLogContextHolder.getInstance().getLogContext();
            sb.append("|").append(logContext.getClientAddr());
            sb.append("|").append(logContext.getServerAddr());
            sb.append("|").append(logContext.getClientSysName());
            sb.append("|").append(logContext.getServerAddr());
            sb.append("|").append(logContext.getTransID());
            sb.append("|").append(logType);
            sb.append("|");
            for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : custMsgMap.entrySet()) {
                sb.append(entry.getKey() + "=" + entry.getValue() + ",");
            }
            sb.deleteCharAt(sb.length() - 1);
            sb.append(message != null ? "^" + message.toString().replaceAll("\r|\n", "") + "|" : "");
            return sb.toString();
        }
    }
}
AOP切片類LoggerAdapter
public class ClientContextBeforeAdvice implements MethodBeforeAdvice {

    @Override
    public void before(Method arg0, Object[] arg1, Object arg2) throws Throwable {
        try {
            if (arg1.length == 0 || !(arg1[0] instanceof BaseRequest)) {
                return;
            }

            AdapterLogContext logContext = AdapterLogContextHolder.getInstance().getLogContext()

            //獲取logContext各個屬性值
            BaseRequest request = (BaseRequest) arg1[0];
            request.setLogContext(logContext);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            LOGGER.error(LogType.EX, "", e);
            throw e;
        }
    }
}

//其他AOP切片
log4j配置使用適配器模式

在log4j配置中,log4j 1.x 與 2.x中都可以使用正常配置

Springboot使用

實現定製化log-start,應用依賴即可。

MDC方式與Adapter方式對比

兩種對比,MDC優點在於不改變開發人員使用log4j方法,引入不需要更改業務代碼,Adapter優勢在於使用AOP和ThreadLocal方式更方便定製化。我司目前使用MDC方案.

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