本文要解決的問題是如何實現CUDA和OpenGL的互操作,使得GPU能夠將通用計算的運算結果交給OpenGL進行繪製。
本文的應用程序主要包括兩個方面:
1. 使用CUDA核函數生成圖像數據
2. 將數據傳遞給OpenGL驅動程序並進行渲染
實現這個功能需要按如下四個步驟:
Step1: 申明兩個全局變量,保存指向同一個緩衝區的不同句柄,指向要在OpenGL和CUDA之間共享的數據;
Step2: 選擇運行應用程序的CUDA設備(cudaChooseDevice),告訴cuda運行時使用哪個設備來執行CUDA和OpenGL (cudaGLSetGLDevice);
Step3:在OpenGL中創建像素緩衝區對象;
Step4: 通知CUDA運行時將像素緩衝區對象bufferObj註冊爲圖形資源,實現緩衝區共享。
然後就可以按照一般的CUDA程序調用核函數進行計算。運行結果如下:
主要程序代碼如下:
/********************************************************************
* SharedBuffer.cu
* interact between CUDA and OpenGL
*********************************************************************/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "GL\glut.h"
#include "GL\glext.h"
#include <cuda_runtime.h>
#include <cutil_inline.h>
#include <cuda.h>
#include <cuda_gl_interop.h>
#define GET_PROC_ADDRESS(str) wglGetProcAddress(str)
#define DIM 512
PFNGLBINDBUFFERARBPROC glBindBuffer = NULL;
PFNGLDELETEBUFFERSARBPROC glDeleteBuffers = NULL;
PFNGLGENBUFFERSARBPROC glGenBuffers = NULL;
PFNGLBUFFERDATAARBPROC glBufferData = NULL;
// step one:
GLuint bufferObj;
cudaGraphicsResource *resource;
__global__ void cudaGLKernel(uchar4 *ptr)
{
int x = threadIdx.x + blockIdx.x * blockDim.x;
int y = threadIdx.y + blockIdx.y * blockDim.y;
int offset = x + y * blockDim.x * gridDim.x;
float fx = x/(float)DIM - 0.5f;
float fy = y/(float)DIM - 0.5f;
unsigned char green = 128 + 127 * sin(abs(fx*100) - abs(fy*100));
ptr[offset].x = 0;
ptr[offset].y = green;
ptr[offset].z = 0;
ptr[offset].w = 255;
}
void drawFunc(void)
{
glDrawPixels(DIM, DIM, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, 0);
glutSwapBuffers();
}
static void keyFunc(unsigned char key, int x, int y)
{
switch(key){
case 27:
cutilSafeCall(cudaGraphicsUnregisterResource(resource));
glBindBuffer(GL_PIXEL_UNPACK_BUFFER_ARB, 0);
glDeleteBuffers(1, &bufferObj);
exit(0);
}
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
// step 2:
cudaDeviceProp prop;
int dev;
memset(&prop, 0, sizeof(cudaDeviceProp));
prop.major = 1;
prop.minor = 0;
cutilSafeCall(cudaChooseDevice(&dev, &prop));
cutilSafeCall(cudaGLSetGLDevice(dev));
glutInit(&argc, argv);
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGBA);
glutInitWindowSize(DIM, DIM);
glutCreateWindow("CUDA interact with OpenGL");
// step 3:
glBindBuffer = (PFNGLBINDBUFFERARBPROC)GET_PROC_ADDRESS("glBindBuffer");
glDeleteBuffers = (PFNGLDELETEBUFFERSARBPROC)GET_PROC_ADDRESS("glDeleteBuffers");
glGenBuffers = (PFNGLGENBUFFERSARBPROC)GET_PROC_ADDRESS("glGenBuffers");
glBufferData = (PFNGLBUFFERDATAARBPROC)GET_PROC_ADDRESS("glBufferData");
glGenBuffers(1, &bufferObj);
glBindBuffer(GL_PIXEL_UNPACK_BUFFER_ARB, bufferObj);
glBufferData(GL_PIXEL_UNPACK_BUFFER_ARB, DIM*DIM*4, NULL, GL_DYNAMIC_DRAW_ARB);
// step 4:
cutilSafeCall(cudaGraphicsGLRegisterBuffer(&resource, bufferObj, cudaGraphicsMapFlagsNone));
uchar4* devPtr;
size_t size;
cutilSafeCall(cudaGraphicsMapResources(1, &resource, NULL));
cutilSafeCall(cudaGraphicsResourceGetMappedPointer((void**)&devPtr, &size, resource));
dim3 grids(DIM/16, DIM/16);
dim3 threads(16, 16);
cudaGLKernel<<<grids, threads>>>(devPtr);
cutilSafeCall(cudaGraphicsUnmapResources(1, &resource, NULL));
glutKeyboardFunc(keyFunc);
glutDisplayFunc(drawFunc);
glutMainLoop();
return 0;
}
程序編譯的時候貌似要注意頭文件glut.h和glext.h的順序,否則會報錯~
參考資源:
Jason Sanders, Edward Kandrot, CUDA By Example: An Introduction toGeneral-Purpose GPU Programming (2011).