1、什麼是虛擬主機
簡單的理解就是如果我們沒有虛擬主機,我們每有一個新的站點之後,我們就需要再起一個web服務,但是有了虛擬主機後,我們可以通過比如域名來區分訪問的頁面,這樣可以很簡單的新建站點,在apache和nginx兩個服務中都有相應的配置方法,但是apache可能會稍微麻煩點,nginx就比較簡單了,而且nginx的高併發的能力加持,現在個人感覺nginx比apache火。
2、配置nginx虛擬主機
Nginx虛擬主機個人總結有一個要點就是一個server標籤一個站點,或者一個服務(反向代理後端服務)
修改配置之前我們需要先備份主配置文件:
cp nginx.conf nginx.conf.bak
由於nginx配置文件本身有很多配置被註釋的,而且我們這裏可能也用不到,所以這裏去掉註釋內容和空行
egrep -v "#|^$" nginx.conf.bak > nginx.conf
egrep :是grep的擴展,如果想使用grep調用擴展正則表達式可以使用-e參數,-v是去除、排除的意思
默認配置:
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
types_hash_max_size 2048;
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
include /etc/nginx/nginx.conf.d/*.conf;
}
# cat nginx.conf
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
types_hash_max_size 2048;
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
include /etc/nginx/nginx.conf.d/*.conf;
#blog======================================
server {
listen 80;
server_name blog.example.com;
location / {
root /opt/html/blog;
index index.html index.htm;
}
}
#bbs=======================================
server {
listen 80;
server_name bbs.example.com;
location / {
root /opt/html/bbs;
index index.html index.htm;
}
}
}
上面的配置說明:
listen:監聽的端口
server_name:監聽的域名
root:表示站點的目錄
index:表示解析的首頁文件,比如網頁除了html 還有php、asp等。
創建站點文件:
# cd /opt/
# mkdir html/{blog,bbs} -p
# ll html/
總用量 8
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 12月 23 08:46 bbs
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 12月 23 08:46 blog
# echo "bbs" > html/bbs/index.html
# echo "blog" > html/blog/index.html
# /etc/init.d/nginx configtest
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
# /etc/init.d/nginx restart
停止 nginx: [確定]
正在啓動 nginx: [確定]
如果是編譯安裝檢查配置文件是否正確的方法是-t
參考:
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
注意:大括號必須是成對的。
測試:
提示:由於這裏測試涉及到域名解析問題,最簡單的方法就是利用本地hosts,解析優先級:緩存> hosts>dns
3、優化
一般生產中,是絕對不會把虛擬主機都放在一個配置文件中的,因爲這樣極易引起混亂,管理很困難。所以管理配置文件一般都會分類管理:分項目、前後端、網站類型、服務等方法。
# pwd
/etc/nginx
# mkdir nginx.conf.d/{blog,bbs} -p
#sed -n "23,30p" nginx.conf > nginx.conf.d/blog/blog.conf
# sed -n "23,30p" nginx.conf > nginx.conf.d/blog/blog.conf
# sed -i "22,30d" nginx.conf
# sed -n "23,31p" nginx.conf > nginx.conf.d/bbs/bbs.conf
# sed -i "23,31d" nginx.conf
修改主配置文件爲如下結果:
# cat nginx.conf
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
types_hash_max_size 2048;
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
include /etc/nginx/nginx.conf.d/blog/*.conf;
include /etc/nginx/nginx.conf.d/bbs/*.conf;
}
最後的配置文件所在路徑用include包含進來即可。
重啓服務:
# /etc/init.d/nginx configtest
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
# /etc/init.d/nginx restart
停止 nginx: [確定]
正在啓動 nginx: [確定]
最後測試成功即可。