在web開發中,有一個經典的功能,就是數據的導入導出。特別是數據的導出,在生產管理或者財務系統中用的非常普遍,因爲這些系統經常要做一些報表打印的工作。而數據導出的格式一般是EXCEL或者PDF,我這裏就用兩篇文章分別給大家介紹下。(注意,我們這裏說的數據導出可不是數據庫中的數據導出!麼誤會啦^_^)
呵呵,首先我們來導出EXCEL格式的文件吧。現在主流的操作Excel文件的開源工具有很多,用得比較多的就是Apache的POI及JExcelAPI。這裏我們用Apache POI!我們先去Apache的大本營下載POI的jar包:http://poi.apache.org/ ,我這裏使用的是3.0.2版本。
將3個jar包導入到classpath下,什麼?忘了怎麼導包?不會吧!好,我們來寫一個導出Excel的實用類(所謂實用,是指基本不用怎麼修改就可以在實際項目中直接使用的!)。我一直強調做類也好,做方法也好,一定要通用性和靈活性強。下面這個類就算基本貫徹了我的這種思想。那麼,熟悉許老師風格的人應該知道,這時候該要甩出一長串代碼了。沒錯,大夥請看:
- import java.util.Date;
- public class Student
- {
- private long id;
- private String name;
- private int age;
- private boolean sex;
- private Date birthday;
- public Student()
- {
- }
- public Student(long id, String name, int age, boolean sex, Date birthday)
- {
- this.id = id;
- this.name = name;
- this.age = age;
- this.sex = sex;
- this.birthday = birthday;
- }
- public long getId()
- {
- return id;
- }
- public void setId(long id)
- {
- this.id = id;
- }
- public String getName()
- {
- return name;
- }
- public void setName(String name)
- {
- this.name = name;
- }
- public int getAge()
- {
- return age;
- }
- public void setAge(int age)
- {
- this.age = age;
- }
- public boolean getSex()
- {
- return sex;
- }
- public void setSex(boolean sex)
- {
- this.sex = sex;
- }
- public Date getBirthday()
- {
- return birthday;
- }
- public void setBirthday(Date birthday)
- {
- this.birthday = birthday;
- }
- }
- public class Book
- {
- private int bookId;
- private String name;
- private String author;
- private float price;
- private String isbn;
- private String pubName;
- private byte[] preface;
- public Book()
- {
- }
- public Book(int bookId, String name, String author, float price,
- String isbn, String pubName, byte[] preface)
- {
- this.bookId = bookId;
- this.name = name;
- this.author = author;
- this.price = price;
- this.isbn = isbn;
- this.pubName = pubName;
- this.preface = preface;
- }
- public int getBookId()
- {
- return bookId;
- }
- public void setBookId(int bookId)
- {
- this.bookId = bookId;
- }
- public String getName()
- {
- return name;
- }
- public void setName(String name)
- {
- this.name = name;
- }
- public String getAuthor()
- {
- return author;
- }
- public void setAuthor(String author)
- {
- this.author = author;
- }
- public float getPrice()
- {
- return price;
- }
- public void setPrice(float price)
- {
- this.price = price;
- }
- public String getIsbn()
- {
- return isbn;
- }
- public void setIsbn(String isbn)
- {
- this.isbn = isbn;
- }
- public String getPubName()
- {
- return pubName;
- }
- public void setPubName(String pubName)
- {
- this.pubName = pubName;
- }
- public byte[] getPreface()
- {
- return preface;
- }
- public void setPreface(byte[] preface)
- {
- this.preface = preface;
- }
- }
- import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
- import java.io.FileInputStream;
- import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
- import java.io.FileOutputStream;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.io.OutputStream;
- import java.lang.reflect.Field;
- import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
- import java.lang.reflect.Method;
- import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
- import java.util.ArrayList;
- import java.util.Collection;
- import java.util.Date;
- import java.util.Iterator;
- import java.util.List;
- import java.util.regex.Matcher;
- import java.util.regex.Pattern;
- import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
- import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCell;
- import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCellStyle;
- import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFClientAnchor;
- import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFComment;
- import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFFont;
- import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFPatriarch;
- import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRichTextString;
- import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRow;
- import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFSheet;
- import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;
- import org.apache.poi.hssf.util.HSSFColor;
- /**
- * 利用開源組件POI3.0.2動態導出EXCEL文檔 轉載時請保留以下信息,註明出處!
- *
- * @author leno
- * @version v1.0
- * @param <T>
- * 應用泛型,代表任意一個符合javabean風格的類
- * 注意這裏爲了簡單起見,boolean型的屬性xxx的get器方式爲getXxx(),而不是isXxx()
- * byte[]表jpg格式的圖片數據
- */
- public class ExportExcel<T>
- {
- public void exportExcel(Collection<T> dataset, OutputStream out)
- {
- exportExcel("測試POI導出EXCEL文檔", null, dataset, out, "yyyy-MM-dd");
- }
- public void exportExcel(String[] headers, Collection<T> dataset,
- OutputStream out)
- {
- exportExcel("測試POI導出EXCEL文檔", headers, dataset, out, "yyyy-MM-dd");
- }
- public void exportExcel(String[] headers, Collection<T> dataset,
- OutputStream out, String pattern)
- {
- exportExcel("測試POI導出EXCEL文檔", headers, dataset, out, pattern);
- }
- /**
- * 這是一個通用的方法,利用了JAVA的反射機制,可以將放置在JAVA集合中並且符號一定條件的數據以EXCEL 的形式輸出到指定IO設備上
- *
- * @param title
- * 表格標題名
- * @param headers
- * 表格屬性列名數組
- * @param dataset
- * 需要顯示的數據集合,集合中一定要放置符合javabean風格的類的對象。此方法支持的
- * javabean屬性的數據類型有基本數據類型及String,Date,byte[](圖片數據)
- * @param out
- * 與輸出設備關聯的流對象,可以將EXCEL文檔導出到本地文件或者網絡中
- * @param pattern
- * 如果有時間數據,設定輸出格式。默認爲"yyy-MM-dd"
- */
- @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
- public void exportExcel(String title, String[] headers,
- Collection<T> dataset, OutputStream out, String pattern)
- {
- // 聲明一個工作薄
- HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook();
- // 生成一個表格
- HSSFSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet(title);
- // 設置表格默認列寬度爲15個字節
- sheet.setDefaultColumnWidth((short) 15);
- // 生成一個樣式
- HSSFCellStyle style = workbook.createCellStyle();
- // 設置這些樣式
- style.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.SKY_BLUE.index);
- style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);
- style.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
- style.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
- style.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
- style.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
- style.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);
- // 生成一個字體
- HSSFFont font = workbook.createFont();
- font.setColor(HSSFColor.VIOLET.index);
- font.setFontHeightInPoints((short) 12);
- font.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_BOLD);
- // 把字體應用到當前的樣式
- style.setFont(font);
- // 生成並設置另一個樣式
- HSSFCellStyle style2 = workbook.createCellStyle();
- style2.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.LIGHT_YELLOW.index);
- style2.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);
- style2.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
- style2.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
- style2.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
- style2.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
- style2.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);
- style2.setVerticalAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.VERTICAL_CENTER);
- // 生成另一個字體
- HSSFFont font2 = workbook.createFont();
- font2.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_NORMAL);
- // 把字體應用到當前的樣式
- style2.setFont(font2);
- // 聲明一個畫圖的頂級管理器
- HSSFPatriarch patriarch = sheet.createDrawingPatriarch();
- // 定義註釋的大小和位置,詳見文檔
- HSSFComment comment = patriarch.createComment(new HSSFClientAnchor(0,
- 0, 0, 0, (short) 4, 2, (short) 6, 5));
- // 設置註釋內容
- comment.setString(new HSSFRichTextString("可以在POI中添加註釋!"));
- // 設置註釋作者,當鼠標移動到單元格上是可以在狀態欄中看到該內容.
- comment.setAuthor("leno");
- // 產生表格標題行
- HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(0);
- for (short i = 0; i < headers.length; i++)
- {
- HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(i);
- cell.setCellStyle(style);
- HSSFRichTextString text = new HSSFRichTextString(headers[i]);
- cell.setCellValue(text);
- }
- // 遍歷集合數據,產生數據行
- Iterator<T> it = dataset.iterator();
- int index = 0;
- while (it.hasNext())
- {
- index++;
- row = sheet.createRow(index);
- T t = (T) it.next();
- // 利用反射,根據javabean屬性的先後順序,動態調用getXxx()方法得到屬性值
- Field[] fields = t.getClass().getDeclaredFields();
- for (short i = 0; i < fields.length; i++)
- {
- HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(i);
- cell.setCellStyle(style2);
- Field field = fields[i];
- String fieldName = field.getName();
- String getMethodName = "get"
- + fieldName.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase()
- + fieldName.substring(1);
- try
- {
- Class tCls = t.getClass();
- Method getMethod = tCls.getMethod(getMethodName,
- new Class[]
- {});
- Object value = getMethod.invoke(t, new Object[]
- {});
- // 判斷值的類型後進行強制類型轉換
- String textValue = null;
- // if (value instanceof Integer) {
- // int intValue = (Integer) value;
- // cell.setCellValue(intValue);
- // } else if (value instanceof Float) {
- // float fValue = (Float) value;
- // textValue = new HSSFRichTextString(
- // String.valueOf(fValue));
- // cell.setCellValue(textValue);
- // } else if (value instanceof Double) {
- // double dValue = (Double) value;
- // textValue = new HSSFRichTextString(
- // String.valueOf(dValue));
- // cell.setCellValue(textValue);
- // } else if (value instanceof Long) {
- // long longValue = (Long) value;
- // cell.setCellValue(longValue);
- // }
- if (value instanceof Boolean)
- {
- boolean bValue = (Boolean) value;
- textValue = "男";
- if (!bValue)
- {
- textValue = "女";
- }
- }
- else if (value instanceof Date)
- {
- Date date = (Date) value;
- SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat(pattern);
- textValue = sdf.format(date);
- }
- else if (value instanceof byte[])
- {
- // 有圖片時,設置行高爲60px;
- row.setHeightInPoints(60);
- // 設置圖片所在列寬度爲80px,注意這裏單位的一個換算
- sheet.setColumnWidth(i, (short) (35.7 * 80));
- // sheet.autoSizeColumn(i);
- byte[] bsValue = (byte[]) value;
- HSSFClientAnchor anchor = new HSSFClientAnchor(0, 0,
- 1023, 255, (short) 6, index, (short) 6, index);
- anchor.setAnchorType(2);
- patriarch.createPicture(anchor, workbook.addPicture(
- bsValue, HSSFWorkbook.PICTURE_TYPE_JPEG));
- }
- else
- {
- // 其它數據類型都當作字符串簡單處理
- textValue = value.toString();
- }
- // 如果不是圖片數據,就利用正則表達式判斷textValue是否全部由數字組成
- if (textValue != null)
- {
- Pattern p = Pattern.compile("^//d+(//.//d+)?$");
- Matcher matcher = p.matcher(textValue);
- if (matcher.matches())
- {
- // 是數字當作double處理
- cell.setCellValue(Double.parseDouble(textValue));
- }
- else
- {
- HSSFRichTextString richString = new HSSFRichTextString(
- textValue);
- HSSFFont font3 = workbook.createFont();
- font3.setColor(HSSFColor.BLUE.index);
- richString.applyFont(font3);
- cell.setCellValue(richString);
- }
- }
- }
- catch (SecurityException e)
- {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- catch (NoSuchMethodException e)
- {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- catch (IllegalArgumentException e)
- {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- catch (IllegalAccessException e)
- {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- catch (InvocationTargetException e)
- {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- finally
- {
- // 清理資源
- }
- }
- }
- try
- {
- workbook.write(out);
- }
- catch (IOException e)
- {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- public static void main(String[] args)
- {
- // 測試學生
- ExportExcel<Student> ex = new ExportExcel<Student>();
- String[] headers =
- { "學號", "姓名", "年齡", "性別", "出生日期" };
- List<Student> dataset = new ArrayList<Student>();
- dataset.add(new Student(10000001, "張三", 20, true, new Date()));
- dataset.add(new Student(20000002, "李四", 24, false, new Date()));
- dataset.add(new Student(30000003, "王五", 22, true, new Date()));
- // 測試圖書
- ExportExcel<Book> ex2 = new ExportExcel<Book>();
- String[] headers2 =
- { "圖書編號", "圖書名稱", "圖書作者", "圖書價格", "圖書ISBN", "圖書出版社", "封面圖片" };
- List<Book> dataset2 = new ArrayList<Book>();
- try
- {
- BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(
- new FileInputStream("V://book.bmp"));
- byte[] buf = new byte[bis.available()];
- while ((bis.read(buf)) != -1)
- {
- //
- }
- dataset2.add(new Book(1, "jsp", "leno", 300.33f, "1234567",
- "清華出版社", buf));
- dataset2.add(new Book(2, "java編程思想", "brucl", 300.33f, "1234567",
- "陽光出版社", buf));
- dataset2.add(new Book(3, "DOM藝術", "lenotang", 300.33f, "1234567",
- "清華出版社", buf));
- dataset2.add(new Book(4, "c++經典", "leno", 400.33f, "1234567",
- "清華出版社", buf));
- dataset2.add(new Book(5, "c#入門", "leno", 300.33f, "1234567",
- "湯春秀出版社", buf));
- OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("E://a.xls");
- OutputStream out2 = new FileOutputStream("E://b.xls");
- ex.exportExcel(headers, dataset, out);
- ex2.exportExcel(headers2, dataset2, out2);
- out.close();
- out2.close();
- JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "導出成功!");
- System.out.println("excel導出成功!");
- } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
Java導出Excel彈出下載框
將ExportExcel類的main方法改成public void test(),OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("E://a.xls");這邊可以對應Servlet適當改下路徑,Servlet代碼如下:
- public class ExcelServlet extends HttpServlet {
- public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
- throws ServletException, IOException {
- (new ExportExcel()).test();
- String str = "a.xls";
- //String path = request.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath(str);
- download("E://a.xls", response);
- }
- private void download(String path, HttpServletResponse response) {
- try {
- // path是指欲下載的文件的路徑。
- File file = new File(path);
- // 取得文件名。
- String filename = file.getName();
- // 以流的形式下載文件。
- InputStream fis = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(path));
- byte[] buffer = new byte[fis.available()];
- fis.read(buffer);
- fis.close();
- // 清空response
- response.reset();
- // 設置response的Header
- response.addHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename="
- + new String(filename.getBytes()));
- response.addHeader("Content-Length", "" + file.length());
- OutputStream toClient = new BufferedOutputStream(
- response.getOutputStream());
- response.setContentType("application/vnd.ms-excel;charset=gb2312");
- toClient.write(buffer);
- toClient.flush();
- toClient.close();
- } catch (IOException ex) {
- ex.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }