linux掛載分區

linux掛載新硬盤命令:fdisk(2T硬盤以下) / parted(2T硬盤以上)

Linux的硬盤識別:

一般使用”fdisk-l”命令可以列出系統中當前連接的硬盤

設備和分區信息.新硬盤沒有分區信息,則只顯示硬盤大小信息.

1.關閉服務器加上新硬盤

2.啓動服務器,以root用戶登錄

3.查看硬盤信息

#fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 5221 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x0004406e

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sda1   *           1          39      307200   83  Linux

Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.

/dev/sda2              39        2589    20480000   83  Linux

/dev/sda3            2589        2850     2097152   82  Linux swap / Solaris

/dev/sda4            2850        5222    19057664    5  Extended

/dev/sda5            2850        5222    19056640   83  Linux

 

Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x14b52796

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

 

4.創建新硬盤分區命令參數:

fdisk可以用m命令來看fdisk命令的內部命令;

a:命令指定啓動分區;

d:命令刪除一個存在的分區;

l:命令顯示分區ID號的列表;

m:查看fdisk命令幫助;

n:命令創建一個新分區;

p:命令顯示分區列表;

t:命令修改分區的類型ID號;

w:命令是將對分區表的修改存盤讓它發生作用。

 

5.進入磁盤,對磁盤進行分區,注意紅色部分。
#fdisk /dev/sdb

Command (m for help):n

Command action

     e    extended                  //輸入e爲創建擴展分區

     p    primary partition (1-4)      //輸入p爲創建邏輯分區

p

Partion number(1-4)1      //在這裏輸入l,就進入劃分邏輯分區階段了;
First cylinder (51-125, default 51):   //注:這個就是分區的Start 值;這裏最好直接按回車,如果您輸入了一個非默認的數字,會造成空間浪費;
Using default value 51
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (51-125, default 125):
+200M 注:這個是定義分區大小的,+200M 就是大小爲200M ;當然您也可以根據p提示的單位cylinder的大小來算,然後來指定 End的數值。回頭看看是怎麼算的;還是用+200M這個辦法來添加,這樣能直觀一點。如果您想添加一個10G左右大小的分區,請輸入 +10000M ;


Command (m for help): w                     //最後輸入w回車保存。

 

查看一下:

#fdisk -l

可以看到/dev/sdb1分區,我就省略截圖咯。

 

6.格式化分區:

#mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1           //注:將/dev/sdb1格式化爲ext3類型

mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)

文件系統標籤=

操作系統:Linux

塊大小=4096 (log=2)

分塊大小=4096 (log=2)

Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks

640848 inodes, 2562359 blocks

128117 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

第一個數據塊=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=2625634304

79 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

8112 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632

 

正在寫入inode表: 完成

Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成

 

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 35 mounts or

180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

這樣就格式化好了,我們就可以用mount 加載這個分區,然後使用這個文件系統;

7.創建/data1目錄:

#mkdir /data1

8.開始掛載分區:

#mount /dev/sdb1 /data1

9.查看硬盤大小以及掛載分區:

#df -h

10.配置開機自動掛載

因爲mount掛載在重啓服務器後會失效,所以需要將分區信息寫到/etc/fstab文件中讓它永久掛載:

#vim /etc/fstab

加入:

/dev/sdb1(磁盤分區)  /data1(掛載目錄) ext3(文件格式)defaults  0  0

/dev/sdc1      /app              ext3       defaults             0 0


11.重啓系統


#################################
當超過2T的硬盤不可以用fdisk來進行分區,必須得用parted.
[root@csc-document dev]# parted /dev/sdb
GNU Parted 1.8.1
Using /dev/sdb
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) mkpart
Partition type?  primary/logical? primary    #創建主分區       

                      
File system type?  [ext2]?ext3                                   
Start? 1050G
End?2247G                                                               
(parted)q                                                               
Information: Don't forget to update /etc/fstab, ifnecessary.            

(parted) print

Model: DELL PERC 6/i (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 2247GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt

Number  Start  End     Size    File system  Name Flags
1      17.4kB  1049GB  1049GB ext3                   
2      1050GB  2247GB  1197GB ext3         ora

接着對其進行格式化:
[root@csc-document dev]# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb2
創建目錄:
[root@csc-document /]# mkdir ora
掛載到ora目錄下:
[root@csc-document /]# mount -t ext3 /dev/sdb2 /ora
[root@csc-document /]# vi /etc/fstab

LABEL=/                /                      ext3    defaults        1 1
LABEL=/opt1            /opt                   ext3    defaults        1 2
LABEL=/boot            /boot                  ext3    defaults        1 2
tmpfs                  /dev/shm               tmpfs   defaults        0 0
devpts                 /dev/pts               devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0
sysfs                  /sys                   sysfs   defaults        0 0
proc                   /proc                  proc    defaults        0 0
LABEL=SWAP-sda3        swap                   swap    defaults        0 0
/dev/sdb2              /ora                   ext3    defaults        0 0

 

 

<<<<<<關於創建擴展分區並滑劃分邏輯卷部分
(parted)print                                                           

Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 32.2GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos

Number  Start  End     Size    Type    File system  Flags
 1      32.3kB  10.0GB  10.0GB primary ext3             
 3      15.0GB  20.0GB  4985MB primary ext3             

(parted)mkpart                                                          
Partition type?  primary/extended?extended                              
Start?20G                                                               
End?30G                                                                 
(parted)print                                                           

Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 32.2GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos

Number  Start  End     Size   Type      File system  Flags
 1      32.3kB  10.0GB  10.0GB  primary  ext3             
 3      15.0GB  20.0GB  4985MB primary  ext3             
 2      20.0GB  30.0GB  9994MB extended              lba 

(parted)mkpart                                                          
Partition type?  primary/logical?logical                                
File system type?  [ext2]?ext3                                          
Start?20G                                                               
End?25G                                                                 
(parted)print                                                           

Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 32.2GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos

Number  Start  End     Size   Type      File system  Flags
 1      32.3kB  10.0GB  10.0GB primary  ext3             
 3      15.0GB  20.0GB  4985MB primary  ext3             
 2      20.0GB  30.0GB  9994MB extended              lba 
 5      20.0GB  25.0GB  4993MB logical   ext3             


OK!至此完成!

 

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