ios htttp網絡請求cookie的讀取與寫入(NSHTTPCookieStorage)

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當你訪問一個網站時，NSURLRequest都會幫你主動記錄下來你訪問的站點設置的cookie，如果 Cookie 存在的話，會把這些信息放在 NSHTTPCookieStorage 容器中共享，當你下次再訪問這個站點時，NSURLRequest會拿着上次保存下來了的cookie繼續去請求。
同樣適用於ASIHTTPRequest,AFNetworking, Webview等,cookie常用於一些基於認證的網絡請求

認識下NSHTTPCookieStorage
NSHTTPCookieStorage 實現了一個管理cookie的單例對象(只有一個實例)，每個cookie都是NSHTTPCookie類的實例，最爲一個規則，cookie在所有應用之間共享並在不同進程之間保持同步。Session cookie(一個isSessionOnly方法返回YES的cookie)只能在單一進程中使用。

Cookie
Cookie是由服務器端生成，發送給User-Agent（一般是瀏覽器或者客戶端），瀏覽器會將Cookie的key/value保存到某個目錄下的文本文件內，下次請求同一網站地址時就發送該Cookie給服務器

HTTP header
HTTP header中包含HTTP請求與響應的操作參數. header屬性定義了所傳輸數據的各種特性. header屬性以屬性名開始,以冒號結尾,最後是屬性值.屬性名及值會因應用的不同

一.iOS htttp網絡請求cookie的讀取與寫入:

1.原生NSURLConnection寫法

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一.獲取cookie - (IBAction)cookieTouched:(id)sender {     NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://api.skyfox.org/api-test.php"];     NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url]                                              cachePolicy:NSURLRequestReloadIgnoringLocalAndRemoteCacheData                                          timeoutInterval:3];     NSOperationQueue *queue = [[NSOperationQueue alloc]init];     [NSURLConnection sendAsynchronousRequest:request                                        queue:queue                            completionHandler:^(NSURLResponse *response, NSData *data, NSError *error){                                                               //轉換NSURLResponse成爲HTTPResponse                                NSHTTPURLResponse *HTTPResponse = (NSHTTPURLResponse *)response;                                //獲取headerfields                                NSDictionary *fields = [HTTPResponse allHeaderFields];//原生NSURLConnection寫法                                // NSDictionary *fields = [operation.response allHeaderFields]; //afnetworking寫法                                NSLog(@"fields = %@",[fields description]);                                  //獲取cookie方法1                                // NSArray *cookies = [NSHTTPCookie cookiesWithResponseHeaderFields:fields forURL:url];    //獲取cookie方法2                                //NSString *cookieString = [[HTTPResponse allHeaderFields] valueForKey:@"Set-Cookie"];                                //獲取cookie方法3                                NSHTTPCookieStorage *cookieJar = [NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage];                                for (NSHTTPCookie *cookie in [cookieJar cookies]) {                                    NSLog(@"cookie%@", cookie);                                }                            }];      }

2.AFNetworking 寫法

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[[APIClient sharedClient] postPath:@"http://api.skyfox.org/api-test.php" parameters:p success:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, id JSON) {         NSDictionary *fields = [operation.response allHeaderFields]; //afnetworking寫法         NSLog(@"fields = %@",[fields description]);         NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://api.skyfox.org/api-test.php"];         //獲取cookie方法1          NSArray *cookies = [NSHTTPCookie cookiesWithResponseHeaderFields:fields forURL:url];         //獲取cookie方法2         //NSString *cookieString = [[HTTPResponse allHeaderFields] valueForKey:@"Set-Cookie"];       } failure:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, NSError *error) {            }];

二.清空cookie

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NSHTTPCookieStorage *cookieJar = [NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage];   NSArray *cookieArray = [NSArray arrayWithArray:[cookieJar cookies]];   for (id obj in cookieArray) {     [cookieJar deleteCookie:obj];   }

三.手動設置Cookie 手動設置的Cookie不會自動持久化到沙盒

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第一次請求手動設置個cookie -(void)test1:(NSString*)urlString{     NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://api.skyfox.org/cookie.php"];     NSMutableURLRequest *request = [NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL:url];          NSMutableDictionary *cookieProperties = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];     [cookieProperties setObject:@"username" forKey:NSHTTPCookieName];     [cookieProperties setObject:@"my ios cookie" forKey:NSHTTPCookieValue];     [cookieProperties setObject:@"api.skyfox.org" forKey:NSHTTPCookieDomain];     [cookieProperties setObject:@"api.skyfox.org" forKey:NSHTTPCookieOriginURL];     [cookieProperties setObject:@"/" forKey:NSHTTPCookiePath];     [cookieProperties setObject:@"0" forKey:NSHTTPCookieVersion];     [cookieProperties setObject:[NSDate dateWithTimeIntervalSinceNow:60*60] forKey:NSHTTPCookieExpires];//設置失效時間     [cookieProperties setObject:@"0" forKey:NSHTTPCookieDiscard]; //設置sessionOnly       NSHTTPCookie *cookie = [NSHTTPCookie cookieWithProperties:cookieProperties];     [[NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage] setCookie:cookie];     [self.myWebView loadRequest:request]; } //第二次請求會自動帶上cookie - (IBAction)test2:(id)sender {     NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://api.skyfox.org/cookie.php"];     NSMutableURLRequest *request = [NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL:url];     [self.mywebview2 loadRequest:request]; }

request還可以這樣設置個cookie

1 2	[request setHTTPShouldHandleCookies:YES]; [request setValue:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@=%@", [cookie name], [cookie value]] forHTTPHeaderField:@"Cookie"];

四.Cookie的持久化存儲

1.服務器端設置Cookie，以PHP爲例

語法

1	setcookie(name,value,expire,path,domain,secure)

參數	描述
name	必需。規定 cookie 的名稱。
value	必需。規定 cookie 的值。
expire	可選。規定 cookie 的有效期。
path	可選。規定 cookie 的服務器路徑。
domain	可選。規定 cookie 的域名。
secure	可選。規定是否通過安全的 HTTPS 連接來傳輸 cookie。

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setcookie("TestCookie","my cookie value"); //沒設置失效時間 關閉app後系統不會持久化Cookie   setcookie("TestCookie","my cookie value"，time()+3600*24); //設置expire失效時間 關閉app後系統自動持久化Cookie

如果服務器設置了Cookie失效時間expiresDate ,sessionOnly:FALSE會被持久化到文件中，kill掉後系統自動保存，下次啓動app會自動加載.binarycookies中的Cookies，以下是一條Cookie輸出

1	<NSHTTPCookie version:0 name:"TestCookie" value:"my+cookie+value" expiresDate:2016-04-08 09:31:09 +0000 created:2016-04-08 09:30:49 +0000 sessionOnly:FALSE domain:"api.skyfox.org" path:"/" isSecure:FALSE>

持久化到了文件中，地址是 沙盒的 /Library/Cookies/org.skyfox.AFNetworking-demo.binarycookies

使用BinaryCookieReader.py腳本 解析 org.skyfox.AFNetworking-demo.binarycookies 結果如下

2.app端手動存儲Cookie

如果沒設置Cookie失效時間expiresDate:(null)，sessionOnly:true,kill掉後系統不會自動保存Cookie，如果想持久化Cookie 模仿瀏覽器存住Cookie，使用NSUserDefaults存下即可,以下是一條Cookie輸出

1	<NSHTTPCookie version:0 name:"TestCookie" value:"my+cookie+value" expiresDate:(null) created:2016-04-08 09:33:34 +0000 sessionOnly:TRUE domain:"api.skyfox.org" path:"/" isSecure:FALSE>

手動保存

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//合適的時機保存Cookie - (void)saveCookies{     NSData *cookiesData = [NSKeyedArchiver archivedDataWithRootObject: [[NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage] cookies]];     NSUserDefaults *defaults = [NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults];     [defaults setObject: cookiesData forKey: @"org.skyfox.cookie"];     [defaults synchronize]; } //合適的時機加載Cookie 一般都是app剛剛啓動的時候 - (void)loadCookies{     NSArray *cookies = [NSKeyedUnarchiver unarchiveObjectWithData: [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] objectForKey: @"org.skyfox.cookie"]];     NSHTTPCookieStorage *cookieStorage = [NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage];     for (NSHTTPCookie *cookie in cookies){         [cookieStorage setCookie: cookie];     } }