windows和cygwin下hadoop安裝配置
轉載地址：http://www.zihou.me/html/2010/02/19/1525.html
在Windows下利用cygwin仿unix環境安裝配置Hadoop。
子猴也是剛接觸到hadoop，對其的配置第一次按照網上的一些說明配置成功了，但有些東西感到不是很清晰，所以又重新把整個過程跑了一遍並記錄下來，也是想對整個過程有個清晰的脈絡，不正確之處請指教。
1、 所需軟件
1.1、Cygwin（截至到目前最新版本是2.685）
下載地址：http://www.cygwin.com/setup.exe
1.2、JDK 1.6.x
1.3、hadoop-0.20.1
下載地址：http://apache.freelamp.com/hadoop/core/hadoop-0.20.1/hadoop-0.20.1.tar.gz
2、 安裝
2.1、Cygwin安裝說明見文章：http://www.zihou.me/2010/02/19/1506/
補充：cygwin的bash是無法複製粘貼的，很不方便，所以可採用putty，下載地址是：
http://www.linuxboy.net/linux/rc/puttycyg.zip ，將puttycyg.zip解壓後的三個exe文件放到Cygwin安裝目錄HOME_PATH下bin目錄下，然後修改HOME_PATH下的Cygwin.bat文件，建議用記事本打開，然後將bash –login –i註釋掉，在前面加rem，也就是rem bash –login –i，或者:: bash –login –i，加入 start putty -cygterm – 即可。
這樣一來就可以複製粘貼了，但注意的是默認的根目錄是Cygwin的HOME_PATH，如果要切換到其他主目錄，但如果你想要進入到其他根目錄，但如果你想要進入到其他根目錄，需要通過系統根目錄，子猴這裏的是/cygdrive，比如要進入到e盤，則爲/cygdrive/e。
2.2、JDK的安裝省略了
2.3、hadoop-0.20.1安裝
將hadoop-0.20.1.tar.gz解壓，解壓後的目錄如hadoop-0.20.1，假設是放在E盤：
E:\hadoop-0.20.1，修改conf/hadoop-env.sh文件，將export JAVA_HOME的值修改爲你機上的jdk安裝目錄，比如/cygdrive/d/tools/jdk1.6.0_03，/cygdrive是Cygwin安裝成功後系統的根目錄
3、 安裝和配置ssh
3.1、安裝
在Cygwin的根目錄下分別運行：
$ chmod +r /etc/group $ chmod +r /etc/passwd $ chmod +rwx /var $ ssh-host-config *** Info: Generating /etc/ssh_host_key *** Info: Generating /etc/ssh_host_rsa_key *** Info: Generating /etc/ssh_host_dsa_key *** Info: Creating default /etc/ssh_config file *** Info: Creating default /etc/sshd_config file *** Info: Privilege separation is set to yes by default since OpenSSH 3.3. *** Info: However, this requires a non-privileged account called 'sshd'. *** Info: For more info on privilege separation read /usr/share/doc/openssh/README.privsep. *** Query: Should privilege separation be used? (yes/no) yes *** Info: Note that creating a new user requires that the current account have *** Info: Administrator privileges. Should this script attempt to create a *** Query: new local account 'sshd'? (yes/no) yes *** Info: Updating /etc/sshd_config file *** Info: Added ssh to C:\WINDOWS\system32\driversc\services *** Info: Creating default /etc/inetd.d/sshd-inetd file *** Info: Updated /etc/inetd.d/sshd-inetd *** Warning: The following functions require administrator privileges! *** Query: Do you want to install sshd as a service? *** Query: (Say "no" if it is already installed as a service) (yes/no) yes *** Query: Enter the value of CYGWIN for the daemon: [] cygwin （注：此處輸入的cygwin可以是任意的） *** Info: The sshd service has been installed under the LocalSystem *** Info: account (also known as SYSTEM). To start the service now, call *** Info: `net start sshd' or `cygrunsrv -S sshd'. Otherwise, it *** Info: will start automatically after the next reboot. *** Info: Host configuration finished. Have fun!
在詢問yes/no的地方，統一輸入yes，sshd就安裝好了。
3.2配置
3.2.1、啓動sshd服務
net start sshd
CYGWIN sshd 服務正在啓動
CYGWIN sshd 服務已經啓動成功
3.2.2、$ ssh localhost
試着連接本機看看，注意，如果在沒有啓動sshd服務，這個連接肯定是失敗的！關於此錯誤也可參見：
http://www.zihou.me/2010/02/19/1521/
如果沒問題，會出現下面一些內容：
The authenticity of host 'localhost (127.0.0.1)' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is 08:03:20:43:48:39:29:66:6e:c5:61:ba:77:b2:2f:55. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added 'localhost' (RSA) to the list of known hosts. zihou@localhost's password:
會提示輸入你機子的登錄密碼，輸入無誤後，會出現文本圖形，類似於歡迎的提示：
The Hippo says: Welcome to
3.2.3、建立ssh的通道
$ ssh-keygen -t dsa -P '' -f ~/.ssh/id_dsa Generating public/private dsa key pair. Your identification has been saved in /home/zihou/.ssh/id_dsa. Your public key has been saved in /home/zihou/.ssh/id_dsa.pub. The key fingerprint is: 6d:64:8e:a6:38:73:ab:c5:ce:71:cd:df:a1:ca:63:54 zihou@PC-04101515 The key's randomart image is: +--[ DSA 1024]----+ | | | | | o | | * E | | S +. | | o o +. | | + * ..o . | | B + .o. o . | | ..+ .ooo . | +-----------------+
$ cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
再執行遍$ ssh localhost看看，如果沒有問題，就說明sshd已經配置好了。
4、 配置hadoop
編輯conf/hadoop-site.xml
加入以下內容：
<configuration> <property> <name>fs.default.name</name> <value>localhost:9000</value> </property> <property> <name>mapred.job.tracker</name> <value>localhost:9001</value> </property> <property> <name>dfs.replication</name> <value>1</value> </property> </configuration>
5、 運行hadoop
進入到E:\hadoop-0.20.1，在cygwin下的操作如：/cygdrive/e/ hadoop-0.20.1，執行：
bin/hadoop namenode –format格式化一個新的分佈式文件系統，提示信息如下：
10/02/19 17:32:26 WARN conf.Configuration: DEPRECATED: hadoop-site.xml found in the classpath.
Usage of hadoop-site.xml is deprecated. Instead use core-site.xml, mapred-site.xml and hdfs-site.xml
to override properties of core-default.xml, mapred-default.xml and hdfs-default.xml respectively
（這段我還不是很清楚，我用的最新版本）
10/02/19 17:32:26 INFO namenode.NameNode: STARTUP_MSG:
/************************************************************
STARTUP_MSG: Starting NameNode
STARTUP_MSG: host = PC-04101515/192.168.0.14
STARTUP_MSG: args = [-format]
STARTUP_MSG: version = 0.20.1
STARTUP_MSG: build =
http://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/hadoop/common/tags/release-0.20.1-rc1 -r 810220; compiled by ‘oom’ on Tue Sep 1 20:55:56 UTC 2009
************************************************************/
10/02/19 17:32:27 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem:
fsOwner=zihou,None,root,Administrators,Users
10/02/19 17:32:27 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: supergroup=supergroup
10/02/19 17:32:27 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: isPermissionEnabled=true
10/02/19 17:32:28 INFO common.Storage: Image file of size 102 saved in 0 seconds.
10/02/19 17:32:28 INFO common.Storage: Storage directory \tmp\hadoop-SYSTEM\dfs\name has been successfully formatted.
10/02/19 17:32:28 INFO namenode.NameNode: SHUTDOWN_MSG:
/************************************************************
SHUTDOWN_MSG: Shutting down NameNode at PC-04101515/192.168.0.14
************************************************************/
6、 啓動hadoop守護進程
$ bin/start-all.sh starting namenode, logging to /cygdrive/e/hadoop-0.20.1/bin/../logs/hadoop-zihou-namenode-PC-04101515.out localhost: datanode running as process 5200. Stop it first. localhost: secondarynamenode running as process 1664. Stop it first. starting jobtracker, logging to /cygdrive/e/hadoop-0.20.1/bin/../logs/hadoop-zihou-jobtracker-PC-04101515.out localhost: starting tasktracker, logging to /cygdrive/e/hadoop-0.20.1/bin/../logs/hadoop-zihou-tasktracker-PC-04101515.out
（注：如果你第一次啓動，提示信息或許會與上面有所不同，我爲了寫這篇文章，重新執行了一遍）
7、 測試
單機模式的操作方法
下面的實例將已解壓的 conf 目錄拷貝作爲輸入，查找並顯示匹配給定正則表達式的條目。輸出寫入到指定的output目錄。（注：根目錄是hadoop的目錄）
$ mkdir input
$ cp conf/*.xml input
$ bin/hadoop jar hadoop-*-examples.jar grep input output ‘dfs[a-z.]+’
$ cat output/*
通過執行$ bin/hadoop dfs –ls來看是否將*.xml文件拷貝到input中了，執行後結果如下：
Found 1 items
drwxr-xr-x – zihou supergroup 0 2010-02-19 17:44 /user/zihou/input
表示已經拷貝過去了。
在僞分佈式模式上運行
bin/hadoop jar hadoop-*-examples.jar grep input output ‘dfs[a-z.]+’
如果沒有錯誤的話，會給出一堆信息，如：
10/02/19 14:56:07 WARN conf.Configuration: DEPRECATED: hadoop-site.xml found in the classpath. Usage of hadoop-site.xml is deprecated. Instead use core-site
.xml, mapred-site.xml and hdfs-site.xml to override properties of core-default.xml, mapred-default.xml and hdfs-default.xml respectively
10/02/19 14:56:08 INFO jvm.JvmMetrics: Initializing JVM Metrics with processName=JobTracker, sessionId=
10/02/19 14:56:09 INFO mapred.FileInputFormat: Total input paths to process : 5
10/02/19 14:56:10 INFO mapred.JobClient: Running job: job_local_0001
10/02/19 14:56:10 INFO mapred.FileInputFormat: Total input paths to process : 5
10/02/19 14:56:10 INFO mapred.MapTask: numReduceTasks: 1
10/02/19 14:56:10 INFO mapred.MapTask: io.sort.mb = 100
10/02/19 14:56:10 INFO mapred.MapTask: data buffer = 79691776/99614720
10/02/19 14:56:10 INFO mapred.MapTask: record buffer = 262144/327680
。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。
這樣，hadoop就成功配置了！
說明：
Hadoop中文文檔地址：http://hadoop.apache.org/common/docs/r0.18.2/cn/
快速安裝說明手冊：http://hadoop.apache.org/common/docs/r0.18.2/cn/quickstart.html
Hadoop簡介：
Hadoop是一個開放源代碼的分佈式文件系統，屬於Apache中的一個項目，所謂分佈式文件系統（Distributed File System），指的是具有執行遠程文件存取的能力，並以透明方式對分佈在網絡上的文件進行管理和存取，客戶端訪問的時候不需要知道文件真正存放在哪裏。 Hadoop最初是包含在Nutch中的，後來，Nutch中實現的NDFS和MapReduce代碼剝離出來成立了一個新的開源項目，這就是 Hadoop。