linux6.5
oracle12c 12.1.0.2
一、安裝前準備
安裝oracle12c之前需要檢查系統的軟硬件條件，我安裝在自己的虛擬機上，安裝前是沒有檢查系統硬盤大小的，導致我在安裝時因爲存儲空間不足安裝失敗，我把虛擬機空間擴容了20g才安裝成功，所以建議大家再安裝時保留 20g的存儲空間。
具體的檢查情況我在下面列一下：
1. 內存要求
1) 最小值爲1 GB of RAM，建議值爲2 GB of RAM or more；
2) 查詢命令：# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
本測試系統環境爲Linux 6.4（x86-64），內存有1.8G多，滿足Oracle 12c的內存安裝要求。
2. 交換空間要求
1) 查詢命令：# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
2) 通過命令：# free查看內存和交換空間的使用情況。
由上面本機內存1.8G可知，只要交換空間在1.8*1.5以上就可以，查詢可知本機的交換空間接近4G，滿足要求。
以上檢查完畢應該都可以滿足；
3.下面是配置
（1）配置/etc/sysctl.conf，具體配置：
# System default settings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/00-system.conf.
# To override those settings, enter new settings here, or in an /etc/sysctl.d/<name>.conf f
ile
#
# For more information, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5).
#
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.shmall = 1073741824
kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104
kernel.panic_on_oops = 1
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 2
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
保存後執行/sbin/sysctl -p 使配置生效
（2）配置/etc/security/limits.d/90-nproc.conf（90-nproc.conf 這個文件 不同系統可以名字不同，在該路徑下自己查看）
# Default limit for number of user's processes to prevent
# accidental fork bombs.
# See rhbz #432903 for reasoning.
* soft nproc 1024
root soft nproc unlimited
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft nproc 16384
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft stack 10240
oracle hard stack 32768
oracle hard memlock 134217728
oracle soft memlock 134217728
配置後保存:qw
4.檢查Oracle需要的rpm安裝情況
rpm -q binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libXext libXtst libX11 libXau libxcb libXi make sysstat
沒有安裝的包， 要依次去下載並且安裝就可以了。
yum install glibc-devel-2.12-1.132.el6_5.1.i686 libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.i686 libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.i686 libstdc++-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64.i686 libstdc++-devel-4.4.7-4.el6.i686 libXext-1.3.1-2.el6.i686 libXtst-1.2.1-2.el6.i686 libX11-1.5.0-4.el6.i686 libXi-1.6.1-3.el6.i686
5.創建用戶和組
[root@localhost ~]# groupadd oinstall ----創建oracle用戶組
[root@localhost ~]# groupadd dba----創建oracle用戶組
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle----oracle加入新建的2個用戶組
[rroot@localhost ~]# passwd oracle ----設置oracle用戶的密碼
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /usr/oracle ----創建oracle安裝目錄
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /usr/oracle ----更改oracle目錄用戶組
[root@localhost ~]# chmod -R 775 /usr/oracle ----更改oracle目錄權限
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /opt/oracle/oracinstall----更改oracle安裝文件所在目錄的用戶組
[root@localhost ~]# chmod -R 755 /opt/oracle/oracinstall----更改oracle安裝文件所在目錄的操作權限
6.關閉防火牆
vim /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled
[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
7.配置環境變量（oracle用戶 home/oracle下 vi .bash_profile）
# use for oracle
export DISPLAY=192.168.217.131:0.0
export ORACLE_BASE=/usr/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=orcl12c
export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib
export LANG=en_US----·À¹Oracle°²װ½ç£¬Ï°Ñï»·¾³¸ÄªӢÎ
if [ $USER = "oracle" ];then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ];then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
7. 配置修改/etc/hosts文件
安裝RHEL的時候最好採用靜態IP地址
添加IP地址和域名的映射關係，進入hosts文件，在文件末尾加上本機實際IP和主機用戶名（我的主機名是默認的）
上面的步驟完成就可以安裝了
二、安裝Oracle 12c數據庫
unzip linuxamd64_12102_database_se2_1of2.zip
unzip linuxamd64_12102_database_se2_2of2.zip
我的安裝文件放在/opt/oracle 這個目錄下
1、靜默安裝
[billi@slc03nuj Disk1]$ ./runInstaller -silent -ignoreSysPrereqs -ignorePrereq -responseFile /home/billi/binlearn/db_install.rsp
Starting Oracle Universal Installer...
Checking Temp space: must be greater than 500 MB. Actual 136617 MB Passed
Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB. Actual 1185 MB Passed
Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2013-07-20_11-50-04PM. Please wait ...[billi@slc03nuj Disk1]$ You can find the log of this install session at:
/scratch/billi/app/oraInventory/logs/installActions2013-07-20_11-50-04PM.log
The installation of Oracle Database 12c was successful.
Please check '/scratch/billi/app/oraInventory/logs/silentInstall2013-07-20_11-50-04PM.log' for more details.
As a root user, execute the following script(s):
1. /usr/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/root.sh
Successfully Setup Software.
出現Successfully Setup Software. 表示安裝完成了，下面就是執行上面的腳本就好了，如果出現任何問題一定要去日誌目錄下面查看日誌，這裏不詳細說。
2、以root用戶運行root.sh
3、配置Net Listener
配置，添加監聽 [oracle@localhost ~]$ cat netca.rsp| grep -Ev "^#|^$"
[oracle@localhost~]$ netca -silent -responsefile /u01/database/response/netca.rsp(用oracle用戶執行 環境變量配置準全)
[oracle@localhost~]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux:Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production on 29-MAR-2018 04:09:12
Copyright (c)1991, 2014, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of theLISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version12.1.0.2.0 - Production
Start Date 29-MAR-2018 04:08:47
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 25 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener ParameterFile /usr/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener LogFile /usr/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/listener/alert/log.xml
ListeningEndpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
The listenersupports no services
The commandcompleted successfully
4、創建數據庫，修改相應文件，有些參數有默認值就不需要
cat/opt/oracle/oracinstall/database/response/dbca.rsp | grep -Ev '^#|^$'
[GENERAL]
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "12.1.0"
OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"
[CREATEDATABASE]
GDBNAME = "orcl12c.us.oracle.com"
SID = "orcl12c"
TEMPLATENAME ="General_Purpose.dbc"
[createTemplateFromDB]
SOURCEDB = "myhost:1521:orcl"
SYSDBAUSERNAME = "system"
TEMPLATENAME = "My Copy TEMPLATE"
[createCloneTemplate]
SOURCEDB = "orcl"
TEMPLATENAME = "My CloneTEMPLATE"
[DELETEDATABASE]
SOURCEDB = "orcl"
[generateScripts]
TEMPLATENAME = "New Database"
GDBNAME = "orcl12.us.oracle.com"
[CONFIGUREDATABASE]
[ADDINSTANCE]
DB_UNIQUE_NAME ="orcl12c.us.oracle.com"
NODENAME=
SYSDBAUSERNAME = "sys"
[DELETEINSTANCE]
DB_UNIQUE_NAME ="orcl12c.us.oracle.com"
INSTANCENAME = "orcl12c"
SYSDBAUSERNAME = "sys"
[CREATEPLUGGABLEDATABASE]
SOURCEDB = "orcl"
PDBNAME = "PDB1"
[UNPLUGDATABASE]
SOURCEDB = "orcl"
PDBNAME = "PDB1"
ARCHIVETYPE = "TAR"
[DELETEPLUGGABLEDATABASE]
SOURCEDB = "orcl"
PDBNAME = "PDB1"
[CONFIGUREPLUGGABLEDATABASE]
SOURCEDB = "orcl"
PDBNAME = "PDB1"
[oracle@localhost ~]$
創建數據庫
[oracle@localhost ~]$ dbca -silent-createDatabase -responseFile /opt/oracle/oracinstall/database/response/dbca.rsp
Enter SYS user password: sys
Enter SYSTEM user password: system
Copying database files
1% complete
3% complete
11% complete
18% complete
26% complete
33% complete
37% complete
Creating and starting Oracle instance
40% complete
45% complete
50% complete
55% complete
56% complete
60% complete
62% complete
Completing Database Creation
66% complete
70% complete
73% complete
85% complete
96% complete
100% complete
Look at the log file"/usr/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orcl12c/orcl12c.log" for furtherdetails.
5、查看狀態
[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production on ThuMar 29 17:37:06 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Standard Edition Release12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
SQL> select * from dual;
D
-
X
SQL> select status from v$instance;
STATUS
------------
OPEN
SQL> ^C
6、查看狀態 出現錯誤：
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
Process ID: 0
Session ID: 0 Serial number: 0
.bash_profile中的sid不正確
到此爲止，我安裝oracle12c的步驟已經完成。