Windows上使用Vagrant打造Laravel Homestead可協同跨平臺開發環境

原創 wsgzao 2018-09-03 14:32

前言

大家對VMware或者VirtualBox一定不會陌生，虛擬化的好處自然深入人心，而現在我們可以通過Vagrant搭建一套類似Laravel Homestead完整開發環境，這樣極大的減少了架設開發環境的時間，同時還支持在Windows/Mac/Linux不同平臺上分享定製包，統一團隊之間的開發環境提高工作效率，而Docker的出現也讓未來更值得期待。

用Vagrant爲自己打造一個奇妙的跨平臺開發環境

更新歷史

2015年07月18日 - 初稿

閱讀原文 - http://wsgzao.github.io/post/vagrant/

擴展閱讀

Vagrant - https://www.vagrantup.com/
Laravel Homestead - http://laravel.com/docs/5.1/homestead
在windows下進行linux開發：利用Vagrant+virtualbox - http://blog.star7th.com/2015/06/1538.html
在 Mac/win7 下上使用 Vagrant 打造本地開發環境 - http://segmentfault.com/a/1190000002645737

環境準備

  1. Git（非必需）
  2. PHP（非必需）
  3. Laravel（非必需）
  4. Composer（非必需）
  5. Vagrant
  6. VirtualBox

如果大家有需要離線安裝歡迎直接留言回覆哈

安裝git

1.下載GitHub for Windows

https://windows.github.com/

安裝php

建議大家儘量安裝當前最新版本的 PHP

1.下載PHP

http://windows.php.net/download/

2.解壓目錄

我的路徑D:\php

3.添加環境變量

右鍵計算機->高級系統設置->環境變量->系統變量->PATH

C:\ProgramData\Oracle\Java\javapath;%SystemRoot%\system32;%SystemRoot%;%SystemRoot%\System32\Wbem;%SYSTEMROOT%\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\;C:\nodejs\;D:\php;C:\ProgramData\ComposerSetup\bin

4.設置php.ini

進入 PHP 安裝目錄（例如 D:\php）。找到 php.ini-development 文件並複製一份到當前目錄，重命名爲 php.ini，修改以下配置
去掉extension=php_mbstring.dll 前面的分號（888 行左右）
去掉extension=php_openssl.dll前面的分號（893 行左右）
去掉extension_dir = "ext"前面的分號（736 行左右）

5.使環境變量生效

重啓explorer.exe

安裝Laravel

1.下載Laravel

http://www.golaravel.com/download/

2.解壓目錄

我的路徑D:\laravel-v5.1.4

3.啓動Laravel

d:
cd laravel-v5.1.4
D:\laravel-v5.1.4>php artisan serve
Laravel development server started on http://localhost:8000/

在瀏覽器中訪問http://localhost:8000/

artisan 的 serve 命令還支持兩個參數：

host 設置主機地址
port 設置 web server 監聽的端口號
例如：php artisan serve --port=8888

安裝Composer

1.下載Composer-Setup.exe

https://getcomposer.org/doc/00-intro.md#installation-windows

2.配置Composer

Loading composer repositories with package information
Installing dependencies (including require-dev)
SSL certificate problem, verify that the CA cert is OK. Details: 
error:14090086:SSL routines:SSL3_GET_SERVER_CERTIFICATE:certificate verify failed”

如果安裝過程提示報錯爲缺少CA證書，下載cacert.pem到自定義路徑
http://curl.haxx.se/docs/caextract.html

然後修改php.ini文件（1983行左右）

openssl.cafile=D:\php\verify\cacert.pem

3.測試Composer

composer -V

Composer version 1.0-dev (d79427f1a7b15e8f4d46ce8124a4d0c58ba1479c) 2015-07-04 1
1:22:58

安裝Vagrant

1.下載Vagrant

https://www.vagrantup.com/downloads.html

2.離線下載虛擬鏡像

https://github.com/tommy-muehle/puppet-vagrant-boxes/releases/download/1.0.0/centos-6.6-x86_64.box

上面給出的是centos-6.6鏡像下載鏈接，要下載其他鏡像請訪問官網
http://www.vagrantbox.es/

安裝VirtualBox

BIOS裏面開啓CPU硬件虛擬化支持VT(Virtualization Technology)

1.下載VirtualBox

https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads

2.導入鏡像

設置VirtualBox目錄並拷貝鏡像centos-6.6-x86_64.box
E:\VirtualBox\centos-6.6-x86_64.box

3.命令初始化Vagrant

#切換VirtualBox目錄
e:
cd .\VirtualBox

#輸入命令初始化
E:\VirtualBox> vagrant init centos6.6
A `Vagrantfile` has been placed in this directory. You are now
ready to `vagrant up` your first virtual environment! Please read
the comments in the Vagrantfile as well as documentation on
`vagrantup.com` for more information on using Vagrant.

#執行添加命令
E:\VirtualBox> vagrant box add centos6.6 centos-6.6-x86_64.box
==> box: Adding box 'centos6.6' (v0) for provider:
    box: Downloading: file://E:/VirtualBox/centos-6.6-x86_64.box
    box: Progress: 100% (Rate: 670M/s, Estimated time remaining: --:--:--)
==> box: Successfully added box 'centos6.6' (v0) for 'virtualbox'!

#檢查是否導入成功
E:\VirtualBox> vagrant box list
centos6.6 (virtualbox, 0)

Vagrant配置

詳細配置文檔可以參考官方手冊 - https://docs.vagrantup.com/v2/

啓動Vagrant

通過Shell進入目錄E:\VirtualBox後執行命令

 vagrant up

順利啓動的完整過程如下所示

E:\VirtualBox>vagrant up
Bringing machine 'default' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
==> default: Importing base box 'centos6.6'...
==> default: Matching MAC address for NAT networking...
==> default: Setting the name of the VM: VirtualBox_default_1437213832296_68434
==> default: Clearing any previously set forwarded ports...
==> default: Clearing any previously set network interfaces...
==> default: Preparing network interfaces based on configuration...
    default: Adapter 1: nat
==> default: Forwarding ports...
    default: 22 => 2222 (adapter 1)
==> default: Booting VM...
==> default: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...
    default: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2222
    default: SSH username: vagrant
    default: SSH auth method: private key
    default: Warning: Connection timeout. Retrying...
    default:
    default: Vagrant insecure key detected. Vagrant will automatically replace
    default: this with a newly generated keypair for better security.
    default:
    default: Inserting generated public key within guest...
    default: Removing insecure key from the guest if it's present...
    default: Key inserted! Disconnecting and reconnecting using new SSH key...
==> default: Machine booted and ready!
==> default: Checking for guest additions in VM...
    default: The guest additions on this VM do not match the installed version of
    default: VirtualBox! In most cases this is fine, but in rare cases it can
    default: prevent things such as shared folders from working properly. If you see
    default: shared folder errors, please make sure the guest additions within the
    default: virtual machine match the version of VirtualBox you have installed on
    default: your host and reload your VM.
    default:
    default: Guest Additions Version: 4.3.28
    default: VirtualBox Version: 5.0
==> default: Mounting shared folders...
    default: /vagrant => E:/VirtualBox

虛擬機啓動之後則可以通過 vagrant ssh 聯入虛擬機進行進一步的環境配置，或者軟件安裝相關的工作，在Windows系統下，並不能直接通過vagrant ssh連到虛擬機，需要使用SecureCRT/Putty/Xshell等第三方工具進行連接。連接地址127.0.0.1，端口2222。登錄的帳號root的密碼爲vagrant

E:\VirtualBox> vagrant up
Bringing machine 'default' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
==> default: Clearing any previously set forwarded ports...
==> default: Clearing any previously set network interfaces...
==> default: Preparing network interfaces based on configuration...
    default: Adapter 1: nat
    default: Adapter 2: bridged
==> default: Forwarding ports...
    default: 80 => 8080 (adapter 1)
    default: 22 => 2222 (adapter 1)
==> default: Booting VM...
==> default: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...
The guest machine entered an invalid state while waiting for it
to boot. Valid states are 'starting, running'. The machine is in the
'poweroff' state. Please verify everything is configured
properly and try again.

If the provider you're using has a GUI that comes with it,
it is often helpful to open that and watch the machine, since the
GUI often has more helpful error messages than Vagrant can retrieve.
For example, if you're using VirtualBox, run `vagrant up` while the
VirtualBox GUI is open.

如果有報上述錯誤，並且運行Virtualbox去安裝系統時出錯：Failed to open a session for the virtual machine，Unable to load R3 module C:\Program Files\Oracle\VirtualBox/VBoxDD.DLL (VBoxDD): GetLastError=1790 (VERR_UNRESOLVED_ERROR).，需要使用UniversalThemePatcher還原未破解的themeservice.dll themeui.dll uxtheme.dll文件

已經打包好的下載鏈接 - http://pan.baidu.com/s/1c0HGj2g

==> default: Booting VM...
==> default: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...
    default: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2222
    default: SSH username: vagrant
    default: SSH auth method: private key
    default: Warning: Connection timeout. Retrying...
    default: Warning: Connection timeout. Retrying...
    default: Warning: Connection timeout. Retrying...

如果報default: Warning: Connection timeout. Retrying...，建議打編輯Vagrantfile打開VirtualBox圖形化界面vb.gui = true進一步分析錯誤代碼和原因。

導出box

通過Shell進入目錄E:\VirtualBox後執行命令

vagrant package

vagrant package --output NAME --vagrantfile FILE

#可選參數：
--output NAME ： （可選）設置通過NAME來指定輸出的文件名
--vagrantfile FILE：（可選）可以將Vagrantfile直接封進box中

完成後會在當前目錄就會生成package.box，可以在家或者團隊成員共享開發環境保持一致性

其它命令

vagrant up （啓動虛擬機）
vagrant halt （關閉虛擬機——對應就是關機）
vagrant suspend （暫停虛擬機——只是暫停，虛擬機內存等信息將以狀態文件的方式保存在本地，可以執行恢復操作後繼續使用）
vagrant resume （恢復虛擬機 —— 與前面的暫停相對應）
vagrant box remove centos6.6 （移除box，其中centos6.6是box名）
vagrant destroy （刪除虛擬機，刪除後在當前虛擬機所做進行的除開Vagrantfile中的配置都不會保留）

Laravel Homestead

細節部分可參考官方文檔 - http://laravel.com/docs/5.1/homestead

1.下載安裝包

vagrant box add laravel/homestead

E:\Homestead>vagrant box add laravel/homestead
==> box: Loading metadata for box 'laravel/homestead'
    box: URL: https://atlas.hashicorp.com/laravel/homestead
This box can work with multiple providers! The providers that it
can work with are listed below. Please review the list and choose
the provider you will be working with.

1) virtualbox
2) vmware_desktop

Enter your choice: 1
==> box: Adding box 'laravel/homestead' (v0.2.7) for provider: virtualbox
    box: Downloading: https://vagrantcloud.com/laravel/boxes/homestead/versions/0.2.7/providers/virtualbox.box
    box: Progress: 0% (Rate: 9d/s, Estimated time remaining: 0:05:30)11))

由於國內網絡環境問題建議離線下載後手動導入

#輸入命令初始化
E:\Homestead>vagrant init laravel
A `Vagrantfile` has been placed in this directory. You are now
ready to `vagrant up` your first virtual environment! Please read
the comments in the Vagrantfile as well as documentation on
`vagrantup.com` for more information on using Vagrant.

#執行添加命令
E:\Homestead>vagrant box add laravel laravel.box
==> box: Box file was not detected as metadata. Adding it directly...
==> box: Adding box 'laravel' (v0) for provider:
    box: Unpacking necessary files from: file://E:/Homestead/laravel.box
    box: Progress: 100% (Rate: 141M/s, Estimated time remaining: --:--:--)
==> box: Successfully added box 'laravel' (v0) for 'virtualbox'!

#檢查是否導入成功
E:\Homestead>vagrant box list
centos6.6 (virtualbox, 0)
laravel   (virtualbox, 0)

#啓動Lavarel Homestead
E:\Homestead>vagrant up
Bringing machine 'default' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
==> default: Importing base box 'laravel'...
==> default: Matching MAC address for NAT networking...
==> default: Setting the name of the VM: Homestead_default_1437217549272_56101
==> default: Clearing any previously set network interfaces...
==> default: Preparing network interfaces based on configuration...
    default: Adapter 1: nat
==> default: Forwarding ports...
    default: 22 => 2222 (adapter 1)
==> default: Booting VM...
==> default: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...
    default: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2222
    default: SSH username: vagrant
    default: SSH auth method: private key
    default: Warning: Connection timeout. Retrying...
    default:
    default: Vagrant insecure key detected. Vagrant will automatically replace
    default: this with a newly generated keypair for better security.
    default:
    default: Inserting generated public key within guest...
    default: Removing insecure key from the guest if it's present...
    default: Key inserted! Disconnecting and reconnecting using new SSH key...
==> default: Machine booted and ready!
==> default: Checking for guest additions in VM...
    default: The guest additions on this VM do not match the installed version of
    default: VirtualBox! In most cases this is fine, but in rare cases it can
    default: prevent things such as shared folders from working properly. If you see
    default: shared folder errors, please make sure the guest additions within the
    default: virtual machine match the version of VirtualBox you have installed on
    default: your host and reload your VM.
    default:
    default: Guest Additions Version: 4.3.14
    default: VirtualBox Version: 5.0
==> default: Mounting shared folders...
    default: /vagrant => E:/Homestead

登錄帳戶vagrant/vagrant，開始全新的Laravel Homestead體驗之旅吧。

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