SpringMVC入門之普通配置篇

轉自：http://blog.csdn.net/jadyer/article/details/7574635

首先是Web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.5"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/springmvc-servlet.xml, classpath:applicationContext-*.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.htm</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.5"
	xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee 
	http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
	<!-- 使用ContextLoaderListener配置時，需要告訴它Spring配置文件的位置 -->
	<!-- 如果沒有指定，上下文載入器會在/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml中找Spring配置文件 -->
	<!-- 我們可以通過在Servlet上下文中設置contextConfigLocation參數，來爲上下文載入器指定一個或多個Spring配置文件 -->
	<!-- 注意：contextConfigLocation參數是一個用逗號分隔的路徑列表，其路徑是相對於Web系統的根路徑的 -->
	<context-param>
		<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
		<param-value>/WEB-INF/springmvc-servlet.xml, classpath:applicationContext-*.xml</param-value>
	</context-param>
	
	<!-- SpringMVC的前端控制器 -->
	<!-- 當DispatcherServlet載入後，它將從一個XML文件中載入Spring的應用上下文，該XML文件的名字取決於<servlet-name> -->
	<!-- 這裏DispatcherServlet將試圖從一個叫做springmvc-servlet.xml的文件中載入應用上下文，其默認位於WEB-INF目錄下 -->
	<!-- 所以ContextLoaderListener參數值也可寫成<param-value>classpath:applicationContext-*.xml</param-value> -->
	<servlet>
		<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
		<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
		<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
	</servlet>
	<servlet-mapping>
		<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
		<url-pattern>*.htm</url-pattern>
	</servlet-mapping>
	
	<!-- 配置上下文載入器 -->
	<!-- 上下文載入器載入除DispatcherServlet載入的配置文件之外的其它上下文配置文件 -->
	<!-- 最常用的上下文載入器是一個Servlet監聽器，其名稱爲ContextLoaderListener -->
	<listener>
		<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
	</listener>
	
	<welcome-file-list>
		<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
	</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

接下來是SpringMVC的配置文件springmvc-servlet.xml

[html] view plain copy print ?

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
<bean id="beanNameUrlMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping">
<property name="order" value="1"/>
</bean>
<bean id="simpleUrlMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
<property name="order" value="0"/>
<property name="mappings">
<props>
<prop key="/userlist22.htm">userController</prop>
<prop key="/userlist33.htm">userController</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="userController" class="com.jadyer.controller.UserController"/>
<bean name="/userlist11.htm" class="com.jadyer.controller.UserController"/>
</beans>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd 
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx   
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
	
	<!-- 【配置映射處理器】 -->
	<!-- SpringMVC自帶的映射處理器均實現了Spring的Ordered接口，這意味着我們可以在應用系統中聲明多個處理器映射 -->
	<!-- 並且可以設置它們的優先級，這主要體現在order屬性上，其值越小，則對應的該映射處理器的優先級越高 -->
	<!-- 本例中，SimpleUrlHandlerMapping的order值比BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping的小 -->
	<!-- 這意味着DispatcherServlet在映射URL的時候，首先會諮詢SimpleUrlHandlerMapping -->
	<!-- 只有在SimpleUrlHandlerMapping無法返回結果時，才諮詢BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping -->
	<bean id="beanNameUrlMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping">
		<property name="order" value="1"/>
	</bean>
	<bean id="simpleUrlMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
		<property name="order" value="0"/>
		<property name="mappings">
			<props>
				<prop key="/userlist22.htm">userController</prop>
				<prop key="/userlist33.htm">userController</prop>
			</props>
		</property>
	</bean>

	<!-- 這裏的id="userController"對應的是<bean id="simpleUrlMapping">中的<prop>裏面的value -->
	<bean id="userController" class="com.jadyer.controller.UserController"/>
	
	<!-- DispatcherServlet使用的默認處理器映射是BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping，它使用URL樣式的名字 -->
	<bean name="/userlist11.htm" class="com.jadyer.controller.UserController"/>
</beans>

然後是我們常見的Spring配置文件applicationContext-view.xml

[html] view plain copy print ?

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
<bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
</beans>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd 
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx   
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
	
	<!-- 【配置視圖解析器】 -->
	<!-- InternalResourceViewResolver會在ModelAndView返回的視圖名前加上prefix指定的前綴，再在最後加上suffix指定的後綴 -->
	<!-- 由於UserController返回的ModelAndView中的視圖名是userlist，故該視圖解析器將在/WEB-INF/jsp/userlist.jsp處查找視圖 -->
	<bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
		<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
		<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
	</bean>
</beans>

接下來是首頁index.jsp

[html] view plain copy print ?

<%@ page language="java" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<a href="<%=request.getContextPath()%>/userlist11.htm">Visit "/userlist11.htm" to my SpringMVC demo page</a>
<br/>
<br/>
<a href="<%=request.getContextPath()%>/userlist22.htm">Visit "/userlist22.htm" to my SpringMVC demo page</a>
<br/>
<br/>
<a href="<%=request.getContextPath()%>/userlist33.htm">Visit "/userlist33.htm" to my SpringMVC demo page</a>

<%@ page language="java" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<a href="<%=request.getContextPath()%>/userlist11.htm">Visit "/userlist11.htm" to my SpringMVC demo page</a>
<br/>
<br/>
<a href="<%=request.getContextPath()%>/userlist22.htm">Visit "/userlist22.htm" to my SpringMVC demo page</a>
<br/>
<br/>
<a href="<%=request.getContextPath()%>/userlist33.htm">Visit "/userlist33.htm" to my SpringMVC demo page</a>

下面是響應請求結果的userlist.jsp

[html] view plain copy print ?

<%@ page language="java" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"%>
<h2>Welcome to my SpringMVC demo page</h2>
<c:forEach items="${users}" var="user">
<c:out value="${user.username}"/><br/>
<c:out value="${user.password}"/><br/>
<c:out value="${user.address}"/><br/>
<c:out value="${user.age}"/><br/>
</c:forEach>
<!--
以下是，處理對"/userlist.htm"的請求的整個工作步驟
1、DispatcherServlet接受對"/userlist.htm"樣式的URL請求
2、DispatcherServlet詢問BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping
詢問Bean的名字是"/userlist.htm"的控制器，並且找到了UserController的Bean
3、DispatcherServlet分發給UserController來處理這個請求
4、UserController返回一個ModelAndView對象，它帶有一個邏輯視圖名"userlist"，以及保存在"users"屬性中的值
5、DispatcherServlet詢問它的視圖解析器(配置爲InternalResourceViewResolver)
查找邏輯名爲userlist的視圖，InternalResourceViewResolver返回/WEB-INF/jsp/userlist.jsp路徑
6、DispatcherServlet將請求導向/WEB-INF/jsp/userlist.jsp頁面
-->

<%@ page language="java" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"%>
<h2>Welcome to my SpringMVC demo page</h2>
<c:forEach items="${users}" var="user">
	<c:out value="${user.username}"/><br/>
	<c:out value="${user.password}"/><br/>
	<c:out value="${user.address}"/><br/>
	<c:out value="${user.age}"/><br/>
</c:forEach>

<!--
以下是，處理對"/userlist.htm"的請求的整個工作步驟
1、DispatcherServlet接受對"/userlist.htm"樣式的URL請求
2、DispatcherServlet詢問BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping
  詢問Bean的名字是"/userlist.htm"的控制器，並且找到了UserController的Bean
3、DispatcherServlet分發給UserController來處理這個請求
4、UserController返回一個ModelAndView對象，它帶有一個邏輯視圖名"userlist"，以及保存在"users"屬性中的值
5、DispatcherServlet詢問它的視圖解析器(配置爲InternalResourceViewResolver)
  查找邏輯名爲userlist的視圖，InternalResourceViewResolver返回/WEB-INF/jsp/userlist.jsp路徑
6、DispatcherServlet將請求導向/WEB-INF/jsp/userlist.jsp頁面
-->

這是用到的User.java

[java] view plain copy print ?

package com.jadyer.model;
/**
* User
* @author 宏宇
* @editor Jan 27, 2012 11:41:15 AM
*/
public class User {
private String username;
private String password;
private String address;
private Integer age;
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public String getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address) {
this.address = address;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
}

package com.jadyer.model;

/**
 * User
 * @author 宏宇
 * @editor Jan 27, 2012 11:41:15 AM
 */
public class User {
	private String username;
	private String password;
	private String address;
	private Integer age;
	
	public String getUsername() {
		return username;
	}
	public void setUsername(String username) {
		this.username = username;
	}
	public String getPassword() {
		return password;
	}
	public void setPassword(String password) {
		this.password = password;
	}
	public String getAddress() {
		return address;
	}
	public void setAddress(String address) {
		this.address = address;
	}
	public Integer getAge() {
		return age;
	}
	public void setAge(Integer age) {
		this.age = age;
	}
}

最後是SpringMVC的核心控制器UserController.java

[java] view plain copy print ?

package com.jadyer.controller;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.AbstractController;
import com.jadyer.model.User;
/**
* UserController
* @author 宏宇
* @editor Jan 27, 2012 11:57:33 AM
*/
public class UserController extends AbstractController {
@Override
protected ModelAndView handleRequestInternal(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1) throws Exception {
List<User> userList = new ArrayList<User>();
User user11 = new User();
User user22 = new User();
user11.setUsername("張起靈");
user11.setPassword("02200059");
user11.setAddress("陰山古樓");
user11.setAge(27);
user22.setUsername("吳三省");
user22.setPassword("95000220");
user22.setAddress("蛇沼鬼城");
user22.setAge(37);
userList.add(user11);
userList.add(user22);
//ModelAndView類在SpringMVC中是一個很重要的概念
//控制器執行方法都必須返回一個ModelAndView，ModelAndView對象保存了視圖以及視圖顯示的模型數據
//第一個參數：視圖組件的邏輯名稱。這裏視圖的邏輯名稱是userlist，視圖解析器會使用該名稱查找實際的View對象
//第二個參數：傳遞給視圖的，模型對象的名稱
//第三個參數：傳遞給視圖的，模型對象的值
return new ModelAndView("userlist", "users", userList);
}
}

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