SAP使用表空間傳輸異構系統遷移
此文檔乃原創總結，僅適用於oracle數據庫。此方法特點，速度快、停機時間短，配合RMAN使用甚至可以做到不停機、在線遷移並可以支持裸設備和ASM。以次方法做遷移，在實際測試中，從Solaris sparc遷移到Solaris X86的停機時間根據硬件配置不同大概爲：離線冷備時間+1個小時左右。CPU越高，時間越短。
方法如下：
1. 在目標機全新安裝同版本SAP系統。
2. 在源系統做一次備份。（可選，推薦做）
3. 在源系統執行exp.sh腳本分別導出PSAPSR3，PSAPSR37**，PSAPSR3usr。（exp.sh腳本參考附件一，此腳本非通用形腳本，需要根據自身情況修改）
4. 使用sqlDevelopoer將源系統視圖創建命令導出。
5. 將exp.sh命令導出的文件以及導出的創建視圖腳本傳到目標機。
6. DROP掉目標機PSAPSR3,PSAPSR37**,PSAPSR3usr，3個表空間及其數據文件。
7. 在RMAN中使用convert命令將數據文件轉換至目標平臺。
8. 根據需要，將數據文件按照sap的數據文件存放方式，移動到各自目錄（可選，可自己寫腳本完成）。
9. 使用imp腳本將表空間PSAPSR3,PSAPSR37**,PSAPSR3usr導入目標數據庫。（命令參考附件二）
10. 將PSAPSR3，PSAPSR37**,PSAPSR3usr3個表空間設置爲可讀寫，再執行創建視圖的腳本。
11. 啓動SAP，完成SystemCopy後的後續操作。如SE06等，具體參考James Yan的文檔：
12. 大功告成！
附件一：exp.sh腳本，（此腳本僅供參考，如需直接使用建立對應目錄）
#!/bin/bash
echo -n "Enter tablespace name:"
read TABLESPACE
echo Transport tablespace $TABLESPACE Begin time:`date +%Y/%m/%d' '%H:%M:%S` >> /sappool/exp/exp_ts_$TABLESPACE.log
#
VALUE=`sqlplus -S /nolog <<EOF
set heading off
set echo off
set line 200
set pages 0
connect / as sysdba
alter tablespace $TABLESPACE read only;
exit;
EOF`
if [ "$VALUE" = "`echo -e '\nTablespace altered.'`" ]; then
echo Alter tablespace $TABLESPACE read only SUCCESS;
else
echo Alter tablespace $TABLESPACE read only Failed;
echo "ERROR message is:"
echo "$VALUE"
fi
echo exp tablespace $TABLESPACE Begin time:`date +%Y/%m/%d' '%H:%M:%S` >> /sappool/exp/exp_ts_$TABLESPACE.log
exp tablespaces=$TABLESPACE transport_tablespace=y file=/sappool/exp/exp_ts_$TABLESPACE.dmp log=/sappool/exp/log/exp_ts_$TABLESPACE.log
echo exp tablespace $TABLESPACE finish time:`date +%Y/%m/%d' '%H:%M:%S` >> /sappool/exp/exp_ts_$TABLESPACE.log
VALUE=`sqlplus -S /nolog <<EOF
set heading off
set echo off
set line 200
set pages 0
set feed off
connect / as sysdba
select file_name from dba_data_files where tablespace_name=upper('$TABLESPACE');
exit;
EOF`
echo copy tablespace "$TABLESPACE"\'s datafie finish time :`date +%Y/%m/%d' '%H:%M:%S` >> /sappool/exp/exp_ts_$TABLESPACE.log
mkdir -p /sappool/exp/datafile_$TABLESPACE
chmod -R 777 /sappool/exp/datafile_$TABLESPACE
cp -p $VALUE /sappool/exp/datafile_$TABLESPACE/
echo copy tablespace begin
echo copy tablespace "$TABLESPACE"\'s datafie finish time :`date +%Y/%m/%d' '%H:%M:%S` >> /sappool/exp/exp_ts_$TABLESPACE.log
VALUE=`sqlplus -S /nolog <<EOF
set heading off
set echo off
set line 200
set pages 0
connect / as sysdba
alter tablespace $TABLESPACE read write;
exit;
EOF`
if [ "$VALUE" = "`echo -e '\nTablespace altered.'`" ]; then
echo Alter tablespace $TABLESPACE read write SUCCESS;
exit 0
else
echo Alter tablespace $TABLESPACE read write Failed;
echo "ERROR message is:"
echo "$VALUE"
fi
echo Transport tablespace $TABLESPACE Finish time:`date +%Y/%m/%d' '%H:%M:%S` >> /sappool/exp/exp_ts_$TABLESPACE.log
cat /sappool/exp/exp_ts_$TABLESPACE.log >> /sappool/exp/log/exp_ts_$TABLESPACE.log && rm -f /sappool/exp/exp_ts_$TABLESPACE.log
附件二：imp腳本和命令(以PSAPSR3700表空間爲例，其他表空間參考)
date >> /oracle/imp/log/imp_ts_psapsr3700.log.time && \
imp tablespaces=PSAPSR3700 \
transport_tablespace=y \
file='/oracle/exp_ts_psapsr3700.dmp'\
datafiles='/oracle/PRD/sapdata1/sr3700_5/sr3700.data5',\
'/oracle/PRD/sapdata1/sr3700_1/sr3700.data1',\
'/oracle/PRD/sapdata1/sr3700_9/sr3700.data9',\
'/oracle/PRD/sapdata1/sr3700_13/sr3700.data13',\
'/oracle/PRD/sapdata2/sr3700_2/sr3700.data2',\
'/oracle/PRD/sapdata2/sr3700_6/sr3700.data6',\
'/oracle/PRD/sapdata2/sr3700_10/sr3700.data10',\
'/oracle/PRD/sapdata2/sr3700_14/sr3700.data14',\
'/oracle/PRD/sapdata3/sr3700_7/sr3700.data7',\
'/oracle/PRD/sapdata3/sr3700_11/sr3700.data11',\
'/oracle/PRD/sapdata3/sr3700_15/sr3700.data15',\
'/oracle/PRD/sapdata3/sr3700_3/sr3700.data3',\
'/oracle/PRD/sapdata4/sr3700_16/sr3700.data16',\
'/oracle/PRD/sapdata4/sr3700_8/sr3700.data8',\
'/oracle/PRD/sapdata4/sr3700_12/sr3700.data12',\
'/oracle/PRD/sapdata4/sr3700_4/sr3700.data4'\
log=/oracle/imp/log/imp_ts_psapsr3700.log\
&& date >> /oracle/imp/log/imp_ts_psapsr3700.log.time
附件三：rman conver命令。
CONVERT DATAFILE '/sapbackup/hhdbackup/exp/datafile_psapsr3700/sr3700.data1'
,'/sapbackup/hhdbackup/exp/datafile_psapsr3700/sr3700.data2',
'/sapbackup/hhdbackup/exp/datafile_psapsr3700/sr3700.data3',
'/sapbackup/hhdbackup/exp/datafile_psapsr3700/sr3700.data4',
'/sapbackup/hhdbackup/exp/datafile_psapsr3700/sr3700.data5',
'/sapbackup/hhdbackup/exp/datafile_psapsr3700/sr3700.data6',
'/sapbackup/hhdbackup/exp/datafile_psapsr3700/sr3700.data7',
'/sapbackup/hhdbackup/exp/datafile_psapsr3700/sr3700.data8',
'/sapbackup/hhdbackup/exp/datafile_psapsr3700/sr3700.data9',
'/sapbackup/hhdbackup/exp/datafile_psapsr3700/sr3700.data10',
'/sapbackup/hhdbackup/exp/datafile_psapsr3700/sr3700.data11',
'/sapbackup/hhdbackup/exp/datafile_psapsr3700/sr3700.data12',
'/sapbackup/hhdbackup/exp/datafile_psapsr3700/sr3700.data13',
'/sapbackup/hhdbackup/exp/datafile_psapsr3700/sr3700.data14',
'/sapbackup/hhdbackup/exp/datafile_psapsr3700/sr3700.data15',
'/sapbackup/hhdbackup/exp/datafile_psapsr3700/sr3700.data16'
FROM PLATFORM="Solaris[tm] OE (64-bit)"
DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT= "/sapbackup/hhdbackup/exp/datafile_psapsr3700/" "/oracle/convert/sapdata3/";
附件四：以SAP習慣移動數據文件。
#!/bin/bash
for((i=1;i<=16;i++));
do
c=$(($i%4));
if ((c==0))
then
mkdir -p /oracle/QAS/sapdata4/sr3700.data$i/
cp -p ./sr3700.data$i /oracle/QAS/sapdata4/sr3700_$i/
else
mkdir -p /oracle/QAS/sapdata$c/sr3700_$i/
cp -p ./sr3700.data$i /oracle/QAS/sapdata$c/sr3700_$i/
fi
done
