LAB10:Hot Standby Router Protocol（HSRP）
一、實驗目的
1、掌握HSRP的應用及配置
二、實驗內容
拓撲圖：
需求：
1、實現鏈路、設備熱備
三、實驗配置
配置：
PC上設置好正確的IP地址，注意網關指向HSRP的虛擬地址（192.168.1.254）
1、在R1上配置HSRP
R1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0
R1(config-if)#standby 1 ip 192.168.1.254 （設置HSRP虛擬路由器的IP地址爲：192.168.1.254）
R1(config-if)#standby 1 priority 105 （設置HSRP的優先級值；值越大優先級越高）
R1(config-if)#standby 1 preempt （設置HSRP根據優先級值搶佔Active角色功能）
R1(config-if)#standby 1 track fa0/1 （開啓HSRP對接口的Track功能）
2、在R2上配置HSRP
R2(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0
R2(config-if)#standby 1 ip 192.168.1.254
R2(config-if)#standby 1 priority 100（設置HSRP的優先級值；缺省爲100，可以不設）
R2(config-if)#standby 1 preempt
R2(config-if)#standby 1 track fa0/1
3、在SW1上配置DHCP，宣告PC的網關地址爲192.168.1.254 （略）
驗證：
1、查看HSRP協議相關信息
R1#show standby
FastEthernet0/0 - Group 1
State is Active （路由器HSRP的狀態）
2 state changes, last state change 00:00:06
Virtual IP address is 192.168.1.254 （HSRP的虛擬IP地址，需手動指定）
Active virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac01 （HSRP的虛擬MAC地址,系統自動分配）
Local virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac01 (v1 default)
Hello time 3 sec, hold time 10 sec （HSRP的Hello時間）
Next hello sent in 1.924 secs
Preemption enabled （HSRP搶佔功能開啓）
Active router is local
Standby router is 192.168.1.2, priority 100（192.168.1.2 爲HSRP的Standby路由器）
Priority 105 (configured 105) （配置的優先級值爲105）
Track interface FastEthernet0/1 state Up decrement 10 （開啓了Track功能，懲罰值爲10）
Group name is "hsrp-Fa0/0-1" (default)（HSRP 熱備組名稱）
2、Debug HSRP的交互報文
R1#debug standby
*Mar 1 01:03:48.015: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 1 Hello out 192.168.1.1 Active pri 105 vIP 192.168.1.254
*Mar 1 01:03:48.683: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 1 Hello in 192.168.1.2 Standby pri 100 vIP 192.168.1.254
*Mar 1 01:03:49.135: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 1 Hello out 192.168.1.1 Active pri 105 vIP 192.168.1.254
當R1的F0/1端口發生故障
*Mar 1 01:07:13.283: %TRACKING-5-STATE: 1 interface Fa0/1 line-protocol Up->Down
*Mar 1 01:07:13.283: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 1 Track 1 object changed, state Up -> Down
*Mar 1 01:07:13.283: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 1 Priority 105 -> 95
*Mar 1 01:07:13.291: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 1 Hello in 192.168.1.2 Standby pri 100 vIP 192.168.1.254
*Mar 1 01:07:14.487: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 1 Hello out 192.168.1.1 Active pri 95 vIP 192.168.1.254
*Mar 1 01:07:19.407: HSRP: Fa0/0 Interface adv in, Active, active 1, passive 0, from 192.168.1.2
*Mar 1 01:07:19.411: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 1 Active router is 192.168.1.2, was local
*Mar 1 01:07:19.411: HSRP: Fa0/0 Nbr 192.168.1.2 active for group 1
*Mar 1 01:07:19.415: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 1 Standby router is unknown, was 192.168.1.2
*Mar 1 01:07:19.415: HSRP: Fa0/0 Nbr 192.168.1.2 no longer standby for group 1 (Active)
*Mar 1 01:07:19.415: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 1 Active: g/Hello rcvd from higher pri Active router (100/192.168.1.2)
*Mar 1 01:07:19.415: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 1 Active -> Speak
*Mar 1 01:07:19.419: HSRP: Fa0/0 Interface adv out, Passive, active 0 passive 1
*Mar 1 01:07:19.419: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 1 Redundancy "hsrp-Fa0/0-1" state Active -> Speak
*Mar 1 01:07:19.419: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 1 Resign out 192.168.1.1 Speak pri 95 vIP 192.168.1.254
*Mar 1 01:07:19.427: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 1 Deactivating MAC 0000.0c07.ac01
*Mar 1 01:07:19.427: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 1 Removing 0000.0c07.ac01 from MAC address filter
*Mar 1 01:07:19.431: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 1 MAC addr update Delete from SMF 0000.0c07.ac01
*Mar 1 01:07:19.431: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 1 Hello out 192.168.1.1 Speak pri 95 vIP 192.168.1.254
*Mar 1 01:07:19.435: HSRP: Fa0/0 IP Redundancy "hsrp-Fa0/0-1" update, Active -> Speak
*Mar 1 01:07:19.459: HSRP: Fa0/0 Interface adv in, Passive, active 0, passive 1, from 192.168.1.2
*Mar 1 01:07:19.463: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 1 Resign in 192.168.1.2 Speak pri 100 vIP 192.168.1.254
*Mar 1 01:07:19.463: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 1 Active router is unknown, was 192.168.1.2
*Mar 1 01:07:19.463: HSRP: Fa0/0 Nbr 192.168.1.2 no longer active for group 1 (Speak)
*Mar 1 01:07:19.467: HSRP: Fa0/0 Nbr 192.168.1.2 Was active or standby - start passive holddown
*Mar 1 01:07:19.467: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 1 Hello in 192.168.1.2 Speak pri 100 vIP 192.168.1.254
*Mar 1 01:07:19.467: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 1 Speak: f/Hello rcvd from higher pri Speak router (100/192.168.1.2)
*Mar 1 01:07:19.471: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 1 Speak -> Listen
*Mar 1 01:07:19.471: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 1 Redundancy "hsrp-Fa0/0-1" state Speak -> Backup
*Mar 1 01:07:19.471: HSRP: Fa0/0 Interface adv in, Active, active 1, passive 1, from 192.168.1.2
*Mar 1 01:07:19.471: HSRP: Fa0/0 Nbr 192.168.1.2 Adv in, active 1 passive 1
*Mar 1 01:07:19.475: HSRP: Fa0/0 Nbr 192.168.1.2 is no longer passive
*Mar 1 01:07:19.475: HSRP: Fa0/0 Nbr 192.168.1.2 destroyed
*Mar 1 01:07:19.475: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 1 Coup in 192.168.1.2 Speak pri 100 vIP 192.168.1.254
*Mar 1 01:07:19.475: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 1 Active router is 192.168.1.2
*Mar 1 01:07:19.479: HSRP: Fa0/0 Nbr 192.168.1.2 created
*Mar 1 01:07:19.479: HSRP: Fa0/0 Nbr 192.168.1.2 active for group 1
*Mar 1 01:07:19.479: HSRP: Fa0/0 Interface adv out, Passive, active 0 passive
*Mar 1 01:07:19.483: HSRP: Fa0/0 Interface adv in, Active, active 1, passive 0, from 192.168.1.2
*Mar 1 01:07:19.483: HSRP: Fa0/0 IP Redundancy "hsrp-Fa0/0-1" update, Speak -> Backup
*Mar 1 01:07:19.879: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 1 Hello in 192.168.1.2 Active pri 100 vIP 192.168.1.254
四、應用場景
網絡骨幹鏈路上實現雙出口鏈路、設備熱備、負載均衡功能