MySQL默認編碼是latin1
mysql> show variables like 'character%' ; +--------------------------+--------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+--------------------------+ | character_set_client | latin1 | | character_set_connection | latin1 | | character_set_database | latin1 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | latin1 | | character_set_server | latin1 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | D:\MySQL\share\charsets\ | +--------------------------+--------------------------+ 創建數據表並插入數據 mysql> use test; mysql> create table messages (
-> id int(4) unsigned auto_increment primary key,
-> message varchar(50) not null
-> ) engine=myisam default charset=utf8; mysql> insert into messages (message) values ( "測試MySQL中文顯示" ); mysql> select * from messages; +----+-------------------+ | id | message | +----+-------------------+ | 1 | 測試MySQL中文顯示 | +----+-------------------+ |
編寫程序(Java)
import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.DriverManager; import java.sql.ResultSet; import java.sql.Statement; public class JDBCTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String driver = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" ;
String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test" ;
String user = "root" ;
String password = "root" ;
try {
Class.forName(driver);
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
stmt.executeUpdate( "insert into messages (message) values ('測試MySQL編碼')" );
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery( "select * from messages" );
while (rs.next()) {
int id = rs.getInt( "id" );
String message = rs.getString( "message" );
System.out.println(id + " " + message);
}
rs.close();
stmt.close();
conn.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
} } 程序輸出 1 ????MySQL???????? 2 ??MySQL?? |
我們看到,儘管使用數據庫時我們能夠正常的添加和顯示中文,但是在使用程序連接數據庫時並不能夠正常顯示中文,爲此我們需要修改MySQL的默認編碼,編輯my.ini(MySQL配置文件)文件對編碼進行修改
設置MySQL的默認字符集爲utf8,找到客戶端配置[client]在下面添加。
default-character-set=utf8
找到服務器配置[mysqld]在下面添加
default-character-set=utf8
設定MySQL數據庫以utf8編碼運行,連接MySQL數據庫時使用utf8編碼
停止和重新啓動MySQL
net stop mysql
net start mysql
重新連接數據庫,查看編碼,數據表內容
mysql> show variables like 'character%' ; + --------------------------+--------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | + --------------------------+--------------------------+ | character_set_client | utf8 | | character_set_connection | utf8 | | character_set_database | utf8 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | utf8 | | character_set_server | utf8 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | D:\MySQL\share\charsets\ | + --------------------------+--------------------------+ mysql> use test; mysql> select * from messages; + ----+-------------------------------+ | id | message | + ----+-------------------------------+ | 1 | 虜芒脢脭MySQL脰脨脦脛脧脭脢戮 | | 2 | ??MySQL?? | + ----+-------------------------------+ 這裏顯示依然是亂碼主要是因爲之前使用的編碼不同造成的,重新運行之前寫的程序:java JDBCTest 1 ????MySQL???????? 2 ??MySQL?? 3 測試MySQL編碼 從第三條記錄我們可以看到現在程序連接數據庫時可以正常的添加和顯示中文了 mysql> select * from messages; + ----+-------------------------------+ | id | message | + ----+-------------------------------+ | 1 | 虜芒脢脭MySQL脰脨脦脛脧脭脢戮 | | 2 | ??MySQL?? | | 3 | 嫺嬭瘯MySQL緙栫爜 | + ----+-------------------------------+ |
看回數據庫的顯示,我們會很奇怪的發現爲什麼顯示的都是亂碼,這主要是和windows下命令行的編碼有關,在命令行上查看屬性->選項的當前代碼頁:936 (ANSI/OEM - 簡體中文 GBK)(本人機子上是這樣顯示的)
也就是說命令行上使用的是GBK編碼,而我們是在程序連接時使用utf8進行添加的,所以會出現有亂碼,現在我們將客戶端的編碼改成gb2312或gbk試一下
mysql> show variables like 'character%' ; + --------------------------+--------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | + --------------------------+--------------------------+ | character_set_client | gb2312 | | character_set_connection | gb2312 | | character_set_database | utf8 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | gb2312 | | character_set_server | utf8 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | D:\MySQL\share\charsets\ | + --------------------------+--------------------------+ mysql> use test; mysql> select * from messages; + ----+-------------------+ | id | message | + ----+-------------------+ | 1 | ????MySQL???????? | | 2 | ??MySQL?? | | 3 | 測試MySQL編碼 | + ----+-------------------+ |
現在可以看到中文正常顯示了(主要是因爲utf8也支持中文),所以當我們使用命令行工具連接數據庫的時候最好將客戶端的編碼改一下,如果使用GUI的話就不必了,同時修改客戶端的編碼之後程序依然能夠正常顯示(以上兩點已經測試)
所以如果在程序中要顯示中文的話我們可以選用utf8,gb2312,gbk這三種編碼,但是如果想在命令行添加中文數據或者查看的話就需要將客戶端的編碼設置爲gb2312或gbk了,還是那句,CMD的編碼有關