修復 bug 佔用我們日常開發的大部分時間,熟練的使用調試工具可以給我們節約大部分的時間。
LLDB 的常用命令
expression
expresion 是一個非常常用的命令,我們可以通過這個命令來執行一些表達式,這樣我們就不需要重寫運行工程了,例如:
(lldb) expression -- self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor greenColor] (lldb) expression -- (void)[CATransaction flush] // 用於刷新頁面,
我們也可以使用 expression 來輸出我們關注的信息
(lldb) expression -O -- self.view //這時候 就會輸出對象 UIView ,注意 -O 代表輸出的是一個對象 ,這裏有另外一種簡寫方式 po. <UIView: 0x7d2974a0; frame = (0 0; 375 667); autoresize = W+H; layer = <CALayer: 0x7d294813>>
有時候我們自定義的類並沒有重寫 description 方法,如果我們直接輸出這個對象的話可能只會顯示這個類名和地址,例如
(lldb) expression -O -- self <JChatAboutMeViewController: 0x7d2974a0>
這地址並不是我們想要的,我們想要的是這個對象內部信息,這裏我推薦一個插件 chisel ,我們可以使用 chisel 提供的命令來打印這個對象, 例如
(lldb) pinternals 0x7d2974a0 (JChatAboutMeViewController) $4 = { UIViewController = { UIResponder = { NSObject = { isa = JChatAboutMeViewController } _hasOverrideClient = '\0' _hasOverrideHost = '\0' _hasInputAssistantItem = '\0' } _overrideTransitioningDelegate = nil _view = nil _tabBarItem = nil _navigationItem = 0x7d4abf40 _toolbarItems = nil _title = nil _nibName = nil _nibBundle = nil _parentViewController = 0x7cb84c00 _childModalViewController = nil _parentModalViewController = nil _previousRootViewController = nil _modalTransitionView = nil _modalPreservedFirstResponder = nil _dimmingView = nil _dropShadowView = nil _currentAction = nil _storyboard = nil _externalObjectsTableForViewLoading = nil _topLevelObjectsToKeepAliveFromStoryboard = nil _savedHeaderSuperview = nil _savedFooterSuperview = nil _editButtonItem = nil _searchDisplayController = nil _strongSearchDisplayController = nil _modalTransitionStyle = 0 _modalPresentationStyle = 0 _lastKnownInterfaceOrientation = 0 _popoverController = nil _containerViewInSheet = nil _recordedContentScrollView = nil _afterAppearance = nil _explicitAppearanceTransitionLevel = 0 _interfaceBuilderKeyCommands = nil _addedKeyCommands = nil _overrideTraitCollections = nil _previewSourceViews = nil _retainCount = 0 _ignoreAppSupportedOrientations = '\0' _viewHostsLayoutEngine = '\0' _storyboardIdentifier = nil _transitioningDelegate = nil _frozenTraitCollection = nil overrideUseCustomPresentation = '\0' _modalPresentationCapturesStatusBarAppearance = '\0' _disablesAutomaticKeyboardDismissal = '\0' _ignoresParentMargins = '\0' _childViewControllers = nil _customNavigationInteractiveTransitionDuration = 0 _customNavigationInteractiveTransitionPercentComplete = 0 _customTransitioningView = nil _lastNotifiedTraitCollection = nil _presentationController = nil _preferredFocusedItem = nil _navigationControllerContentOffsetAdjustment = 0 _contentMargin = 16 _topLayoutGuide = nil _bottomLayoutGuide = nil _topBarInsetGuideConstraint = nil _bottomBarInsetGuideConstraint = nil _storyboardSegueTemplates = nil _segueResponsibleForModalPresentation = nil _sourceViewControllerIfPresentedViaPopoverSegue = nil _modalSourceViewController = nil _presentedStatusBarViewController = nil _edgesForExtendedLayout = 15 __childControllerToIgnoreWhileLookingForTransitionCoordinator = nil _presentingFocusedItem = nil _storyboardPreviewSegueTemplates = nil _storyboardCommitSegueTemplates = nil _storyboardPreviewingRegistrants = nil __embeddedView = 0xffffffff __embeddingView = 0x78b909c0 __embeddedDelegate = 0x00007faa _originalPresentationController = 0x78af3630 _temporaryPresentationController = 0x00007faa } }
這樣我們就能看到這個對象的內部信息了。 chisel 還提供一些便捷的功能,比如打印 pviews 遞歸打印層級,不過我更喜歡使用 xcode 自帶的 debug view hierarchy ,這樣更加直觀。
我們可以使用 pvc 遞歸輸出試圖控制器的層級關係,例如
(lldb) pvc <JChatSwift.JChatMainTabViewController 0x7d49d560>, state: appeared, view: <UILayoutContainerView 0x7d479860> | <UINavigationController 0x7c3afc00>, state: appeared, view: <UILayoutContainerView 0x7be8e9a0> | | <JChatConversationListViewController 0x7d49d2b0>, state: disappeared, view: <UIView 0x7d375320> not in the window | | <JChatChattingViewController 0x7bfbdde0>, state: appeared, view: <UIView 0x7d373b30> | <UINavigationController 0x7eb7a000>, state: disappeared, view: <UILayoutContainerView 0x7d4a2c20> not in the window | | <JChatContactsViewController 0x7bea3d70>, state: disappeared, view: <UILayoutContainerView 0x7d4a1d40> not in the window | <UINavigationController 0x7cb84c00>, state: disappeared, view: <UILayoutContainerView 0x7bf87590> not in the window | | <JChatAboutMeViewController 0x7d2974a0>, state: disappeared, view: (view not loaded)
通過 pvc 和 pinternals 這樣我們就可以在任何地方瞭解我們所有界面狀態了。 在 xcode8 以後,我們也可以通過 debug memory graph 來查看程序運行的內存狀態。
thread
我們可以使用 thread backtrace 來輸出線程的堆棧信息,例如
(lldb) thread backtrace // 這個命令可以簡寫爲 bt * thread #1: tid = 0x14169a, 0x001273e5 JChatSwift`JChatChattingViewController.viewDidLayoutSubviews(self=0x7b6bc560) -> () + 21 at JChatChattingViewController.swift:48, queue = 'com.apple.main-thread', stop reason = breakpoint 7.1 * frame #0: 0x001273e5 JChatSwift`JChatChattingViewController.viewDidLayoutSubviews(self=0x7b6bc560) -> () + 21 at JChatChattingViewController.swift:48 frame #1: 0x00127502 JChatSwift`@objc JChatChattingViewController.viewDidLayoutSubviews() -> () + 34 at JChatChattingViewController.swift:0 frame #2: 0x039dc811 UIKit`-[UIView(CALayerDelegate) layoutSublayersOfLayer:] + 1598 frame #3: 0x0305c1b9 libobjc.A.dylib`-[NSObject performSelector:withObject:] + 59 frame #4: 0x03791769 QuartzCore`-[CALayer layoutSublayers] + 141 frame #5: 0x03784a47 QuartzCore`CA::Layer::layout_if_needed(CA::Transaction*) + 401 frame #6: 0x0378489d QuartzCore`CA::Layer::layout_and_display_if_needed(CA::Transaction*) + 21 frame #7: 0x0370e49f QuartzCore`CA::Context::commit_transaction(CA::Transaction*) + 339 frame #8: 0x0373d290 QuartzCore`CA::Transaction::commit() + 498 frame #9: 0x0373eda0 QuartzCore`CA::Transaction::flush_transaction() + 38 frame #10: 0x0393685c UIKit`_afterCACommitHandler + 375 frame #11: 0x022f676e CoreFoundation`__CFRUNLOOP_IS_CALLING_OUT_TO_AN_OBSERVER_CALLBACK_FUNCTION__ + 30 frame #12: 0x022f66c7 CoreFoundation`__CFRunLoopDoObservers + 391 frame #13: 0x022da3a6 CoreFoundation`__CFRunLoopRun + 1414 frame #14: 0x022d9bab CoreFoundation`CFRunLoopRunSpecific + 395 frame #15: 0x022d9a0b CoreFoundation`CFRunLoopRunInMode + 123 frame #16: 0x06a1ab4c GraphicsServices`GSEventRunModal + 177 frame #17: 0x06a1a9c7 GraphicsServices`GSEventRun + 80 frame #18: 0x039077fb UIKit`UIApplicationMain + 148 frame #19: 0x001a7ce1 JChatSwift`main + 145 at AppDelegate.swift:15 frame #20: 0x06037799 libdyld.dylib`start + 1
我們可以看到程序停在 JChatChattingViewController.swift:48 這一行
watchpoint
監視某個變量的改變,有時候我們想知道一個對象在什麼時候被修改了,我們可以使用 watchpoint set var,當 var 改變的時候程序就就會停在改變的地方, 如果用 chisel 的話,我們可以使用 wivar 命令來監聽值的變化,例如
(lldb) wivar self name
作者: HuminiOS - 極光
原文:iOS 調試篇
知乎專欄:極光日報