硬件準備：
PC一臺 (筆記本或臺式機)
路由器一臺 (家用TP-LINK)
軟件準備：
ubuntu ISO http://releases.ubuntu.com/14.04/ubuntu-14.04-server-amd64.iso
VirtalBox http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/4.2.6/VirtualBox-4.2.6-82870-Win.exe (高版本創建的虛擬機不能網絡啓動，不知道是不是我係統問題。請自行測試)
結構圖：
第一步：製做虛擬機
1.製做虛擬機 bootloader
給此虛擬機設置兩塊網卡
第一塊網卡連接方式 橋接網卡
第二塊網卡連接方式 內部網絡
用 ubuntu-14.04-server-amd64.iso 給此虛擬機安裝 ubuntu 系統。
修改 bootloader /etc/network/interfaces 爲
重啓網卡
ifdown eth1 && ifup eth1
2.製做虛擬機 N1
不用安裝操作系統
設置啓動順序 網絡 放在第一位
設置每臺虛擬機的網卡，只需設置一塊網卡就夠了
網卡連接方式 內部網絡
內存稍微給大點
第二步：在 bootloader 上安裝軟件
aptitude install dnsmasq atftp apache2-mpm-prefork
# dnsmasq 用來伺服 DNS, TFTP, DHCP 服務
# atftp 用來測試tftp server
# apache2-mpm-prefork 用來伺服 preseed 文件和源軟件包源（用 ubuntu-14.04-server-amd64.iso 做軟件包源）
# 在apche根目錄下建立以下目錄，netboot 用於TFTP根目錄，ubuntu 用於mount ubuntu-14.04-server-amd64.iso鏡像
mkdir -p /var/www/html/netboot
mkdir -p /var/www/html/ubuntu
mount -o loop /dev/cdrom /var/www/html/ubuntu
# 下載netboot.tar.gz文件到netboot目錄
cd /var/www/html/netboot
wget -O http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/dists/trusty/main/installer-amd64/current/images/netboot/netboot.tar.gz
tar zxvf /tmp/netboot.tar.gz
rm -f /tmp/netboot.tar.gz
rm -rf pxelinux.cfg
mkdir pxelinux.cfg
cat > pxelinux.cfg/default << EOT
default install
label install
kernel ubuntu-installer/amd64/linux
append DEBCONF_DEBUG=5 auto=true priority=critical url=http://10.10.10.13/trusty.seed vga=788 initrd=ubuntu-installer/amd64/initrd.gz -- quiet
EOT
cat >> /etc/dnsmasq.conf << EOT
# DHCP 地址範圍
dhcp-range=10.10.10.50,10.10.10.150,255.255.255.0,12h
# DHCP 網關地址
dhcp-option=3,10.10.10.13
# DNS 地址
dhcp-option=6,10.10.10.13
enable-tftp
# TFTP 根目錄
tftp-root=/var/www/html/netboot
dhcp-boot=pxelinux.0
EOT
service dnsmasq restart
cat > /var/www/html/trusty.seed << 'EOT'
### Localization
d-i debian-installer/locale string en_US.utf8
d-i console-setup/ask_detect boolean false
d-i keyboard-configuration/layoutcode string us
### Network configuration
d-i netcfg/choose_interface select auto
d-i netcfg/get_hostname string uos1404
d-i netcfg/get_domain string local
d-i netcfg/wireless_wep string
### Mirror settings
d-i mirror/country string manual
d-i mirror/http/hostname string 10.10.10.13
d-i mirror/http/directory string /ubuntu
d-i mirror/http/proxy string
#d-i mirror/suite select trusty
### Clock and time zone setup
d-i clock-setup/utc boolean true
d-i time/zone string Asia/Shanghai
d-i clock-setup/ntp boolean true
### Partitioning
d-i partman-auto/method string lvm
d-i partman-lvm/device_remove_lvm boolean true
d-i partman-md/device_remove_md boolean true
d-i partman-lvm/confirm boolean true
d-i partman-partitioning/confirm_write_new_label boolean true
d-i partman/choose_partition select finish
d-i partman/confirm boolean true
d-i partman/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true
d-i partman-md/confirm boolean true
d-i partman-partitioning/confirm_write_new_label boolean true
d-i partman/choose_partition select finish
d-i partman/confirm boolean true
d-i partman/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true
d-i partman-lvm/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true
d-i partman-auto-lvm/new_vg_name string uos
d-i partman-basicfilesystems/no_mount_point boolean yes
d-i partman-auto/choose_recipe select atomic
#d-i partman-auto/choose_recipe select boot-root
d-i partman-auto/expert_recipe string \
boot-root :: \
256 256 256 ext2 \
$primary{ } $bootable{ } \
method{ format } format{ } \
use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext2 } \
mountpoint{ /boot } \
. \
4096 4096 4096 ext4 \
$primary{ } \
method{ format } format{ } \
use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext4 } \
. \
256 256 256 linux-swap \
$lvmok{ } \
method{ swap } format{ } \
lv_name{ swap } \
. \
1 2 100000 ext4 \
$lvmok{ } \
method{ format } format{ } \
use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext4 } \
lv_name{ root } \
mountpoint{ / } \
.
### Account setup
d-i passwd/user-fullname string mole
d-i passwd/username string mole
d-i passwd/user-password password mole
d-i passwd/user-password-again password mole
d-i passwd/user-uid string 10000
d-i user-setup/allow-password-weak boolean true
d-i user-setup/encrypt-home boolean false
### Apt setup
d-i apt-setup/backports boolean false
d-i apt-setup/security_host string 10.10.10.13
d-i apt-setup/security_path string /ubuntu
d-i apt-setup/no_mirror boolean true
### Package selection
tasksel tasksel/first multiselect server, openssh-server
#d-i pkgsel/update-policy select none
#d-i pkgsel/upgrade select none
### Boot loader installation
d-i grub-installer/only_debian boolean true
d-i grub-installer/with_other_os boolean true
### Kernel boot params
d-i debian-installer/quiet boolean false
d-i debian-installer/splash boolean false
### Finishing up the installation
d-i finish-install/reboot_in_progress note
d-i debian-installer/exit/poweroff boolean true
### Bug fixed
# see http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2215103&p=13015013
d-i partman/early_command string umount /media || true; debconf-set partman-auto/disk "$(list-devices disk | head -n1)"
# see http://www.michaelm.info/blog/?p=1378
# If you use the server CD build the source package
d-i live-installer/net-image string http://10.10.10.13/ubuntu/install/filesystem.squashfs
EOT
然後啓動N1虛擬機完成自動安裝
腳本:
https://code.csdn.net/u011288901/download/blob/master/pxe.zip
後記：
如果你不想用光盤鏡像做源，你可以直接用國內鏡像做安裝源，如：mirrors.163.com
去掉 /var/www/html/trusty.seed 中 Bug fixed 部分，並將 10.10.10.13 替換爲 mirrors.163.com
### Bug fixed
# see http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2215103&p=13015013
d-i partman/early_command string umount /media || true; debconf-set partman-auto/disk "$(list-devices disk | head -n1)"
# see http://www.michaelm.info/blog/?p=1378
# If you use the server CD build the source package
d-i live-installer/net-image string http://10.10.10.13/ubuntu/install/filesystem.squashfs
爲了進行多機器安裝，而保留以下載的deb包，我們可以安裝 apt-cacher-ng 作爲包的緩存代理
aptitude install apt-cacher-ng
去掉 /var/www/html/trusty.seed 中 Bug fixed 部分，並將 10.10.10.13 替換爲 10.10.10.13:3142
要詳細配置 apt-cacher-ng，請自行查找資料
參考：
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/QuickNetboot
https://help.ubuntu.com/14.04/installation-guide/amd64/apb.html
http://ftp.dc.volia.com/pub/debian/preseed/partman-auto-recipe.txt
https://help.ubuntu.com/14.04/installation-guide/example-preseed.txt
E-mail: [email protected]