廢話
本文旨在記錄selenium的一些操作實例,沒啥技術含量,也沒有太多概念的內容。
安裝selenium
pip install selenium
下載驅動(chromedriver)
下載前需要確認適配自己的瀏覽器版本
https://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/index.html
selenium的基本用法
基本用法看官方文檔,講述的很清楚了,推薦
https://selenium-python.readthedocs.io/installation.html
常用的實例
設置瀏覽器不加載圖片
from selenium import webdriver
# 設置不加載圖片
chrome_opt = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
prefs = {
"profile.managed_default_content_settings.images": 2
}
chrome_opt.add_experimental_option("prefs", prefs)
driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chrome_opt)
driver.get("https://www.taobao.com")
點擊彈窗與點擊下拉列表
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.select import Select
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
# 點擊接受彈窗
driver.switch_to.alert.accept()
# 點擊下拉列表
sel = driver.find_element_by_id("nr")
Select(sel).select_by_index(2)
切換窗口
from selenium import webdriver
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
first_win = driver.current_window_handle
all_win = driver.current_window_handle
for win in all_win:
if win != first_win:
driver.switch_to.window(win)
自動下拉列表(以開源中國的博客欄目爲例)
很多頁面是下拉加載更多信息,我們如何模擬這個下拉操作:
from selenium import webdriver
import time
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get('https://www.oschina.net/blog')
time.sleep(5)
# 實現自動下拉刷新 下拉三頁
for i in range(3):
driver.execute_script('window.scrollTo(0,document.body.scrollHeight); var lenOfPage=document.body.scrollHeight; return lenOfPage;')
time.sleep(3)
如何模擬手機訪問?
from selenium import webdriver
# 模擬手機
mobilesetting = {"deviceName":"iPhone 6 Plus"}
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.add_experimental_option("mobileEmulation", mobilesetting)
driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=options)
# 設置大小
driver.set_window_size(400, 800)
# driver.maximize_window()
driver.get("https://www.taobao.com")
# 後退
driver.back()
# 前進
driver.forward()
# 刷新
driver.refresh()
如何爲selenium設置代理?(連接無用戶名密碼認證的代理)
# 設置代理
from selenium import webdriver
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.add_argument("--proxy-server=http://ip:port")
driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=options)
driver.get("http://httpbin.org/ip")
print(driver.page_source)
如何爲selenium設置代理?(有用戶名和密碼的連接)
推薦幾篇文章:
https://www.cnblogs.com/roystime/p/6935543.html
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/29983106/how-can-i-set-proxy-with-authentication-in-selenium-chrome-web-driver-using-pyth#answer-30953780
https://cuiqingcai.com/4880.html
scrapy + selenium 模擬登錄csdn
其實,沒啥技術含量。只是簡單運用,敲一遍加深印象。
關於selenium的基礎用法強烈建議用的時候看下文檔就好,技術含量不高,無需過多費心。
spider.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
from selenium import webdriver
class CsdnSpider(scrapy.Spider):
name = 'csdn'
allowed_domains = ['csdn.net']
start_urls = ['https://passport.csdn.net/account/login','https://i.csdn.net/#/account/index']
def __init__(self):
# mobilsetting = {"deviceName":"iPhone 6 Plus"}
# options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
# options.add_experimental_option("mobileEmulation", mobilsetting)
self.browser = None
self.cookies = None
# self.browser.set_window_size(400,800)
super(CsdnSpider, self).__init__()
def spider_closed(self, response):
print("spider close")
self.brower.close()
def parse(self, response):
print(response.url)
print(response.body.decode("utf-8","ignore"))
middlewares.py
from scrapy import signals
from selenium import webdriver
from scrapy.http import HtmlResponse
import time
import requests
class LoginMiddleware(object):
def process_request(self, request, spider):
if spider.name == "csdn":
if request.url.find("login") != -1:
spider.browser = webdriver.Chrome()
spider.browser.get(request.url)
switch = spider.browser.find_element_by_xpath('//a[@class="login-code__open js_login_trigger login-user__active"]')
if switch.text == '賬號登錄':
switch.click()
time.sleep(3)
username = spider.browser.find_element_by_id('username')
password = spider.browser.find_element_by_id('password')
time.sleep(2)
username.send_keys("")
time.sleep(1)
password.send_keys("")
time.sleep(2)
click = spider.browser.find_element_by_class_name("logging")
time.sleep(2)
click.click()
time.sleep(8)
spider.cookies = spider.browser.get_cookies()
return HtmlResponse(
url=spider.browser.current_url,
body=spider.browser.page_source,
encoding="utf-8"
)
else:
req = requests.session()
for cookie in spider.cookies:
req.cookies.set(cookie['name'], cookie['value'])
req.headers.clear()
newpage = req.get(request.url)
print(request.url)
print(newpage.text)
return HtmlResponse(
url=request.url,
body=newpage.text,
encoding="utf-8"
)
原文發佈時間爲:2018-09-17
本文作者:煌金的鹹魚
本文來自雲棲社區合作伙伴“鹹魚普拉思”,瞭解相關信息可以關注“鹹魚普拉思”。