Australia geology
The commonwealth of Australia is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the world's smallest continent and a number of islands in the Southern,Indian and Pacific Oceans.Australia's neighbouring countries are Indonesia,East Timor and Papua New Guinea to the north,the Solomon Islands,Vanuatu and New Caledonia to the northeast, and New Zealand to the southeast.
Australia's 7,686,850km2 landmass is on the Indo-Australian Plate. Surroundedby the Indian, Southern and Pacific oceans,Australia is separated from Asia by the Arafura and Timor seas.Australia has a total 25,760 km of coastline and claims an extensive Exclusive Economic Zone of 8,148,250 km2(excluding the Australian Antarctic Territory). Climate is highly influenced by ocean currents, including the El NIno southern oscillation , which is correlated with periodic drought, and the seasonal tropical low pressure system that produces cyclones in northern Australia.
By far the largest part of Australia is desert or semi-arid. Australia is the driest inhabited continent, the flattest , and has the oldest and least fertile soils. Only the south-east and south-west corners of the continent have a temperate climate. The northern part of the country , with a tropical climate, has a vegetation consisting of rainforest, woodland ,grassland and desert. The Great Barrire Reef, the world's largest coral reef, lies a short distance off the north-east coast and extends for over 2,000km.The world's two largest monoliths are located in Australia, Mount Augustusin Western Australia is the largest and Uluru in central Australia is the second largest.At 2,228, Mount kosciuszko on the Great Dividing Range is the highest mountain on the Australian mainland, although Mawson Peak on the remote Australian territory of Heard Island is taller at 2,247m.